scholarly journals Literary Translation behind Bars in the Late Soviet Union: Contextual Voices of Vasyl' Stus and Ivan Svitlychnyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-273
Author(s):  
Valentyna Savchyn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Text Selection ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Wide Perspective ◽  
Incarcerated Population ◽  
New Generation

Translation in captivity is nothing new, nor is it restricted to a particular place or historical period. However, this social and cultural phenomenon is marked by a far more frequent occurrence in totalitarian societies. This article examines the practice of literary translation in Soviet labour camps, where, as a result of political repression, Ukrainian scholars, writers, translators, and lexicographers (aka prisoners of conscience) constituted a large part of the incarcerated population. The fact that translation activity thrived behind bars despite brutal and dehumanizing conditions testifies to the phenomenon of cultural resistance and translators’ activism, both of which deserve close scholarly attention. This study provides insights into practical, historical, psychological, and philosophical aspects of translation in extreme conditions. It seeks answers to the questions of why prisoners of conscience felt moved to translate, and how they pursued their work in situations of extreme pressure. Through the lens of translation in prison, the article offers a wide perspective on the issues of retranslation, pseudotranslation, translation editing, text selection, and the functions of literary translation. The focus of the paper is on Soviet Ukraine in the 1970s-80s, when a wave of political repressions led to the appearance of a new generation of prisoners of conscience. Case studies of Vasyl' Stus and Ivan Svitlychnyi are discussed, drawing on their letters during the incarceration period and the memoirs of their inmates.

About socialist competition

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Aria Ya. Pleshitser
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Socialist Competition ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Working People ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Socialist Emulation ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

The XVI Party Conference in its appeal to all workers and toiling peasants of the Soviet Union on socialist emulation points out: Gigantic tasks have been set by history for the working people of our country. In a relatively short historical period, we must catch up and overtake the advanced capitalist countries in technical and economic terms, carrying out the socialist reconstruction of the entire national economy.

POLITICAL REPRESSION AMONG THE BELARUSIANS OF BASHKIRIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
E.A. CHEGODAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Local History ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Number Of Publications

The article is devoted to political repressions among Belarusians of Bashkiria in the 30s of the XX century. To date, this ethnic group remains one of the little-studied peoples of the republic, which was a consequence of the long-term priority in the research of the titular Bashkir ethnic group against the background of the ethnocentrism of the historical science of the country. The number of publications devoted to the Belarusians of Bashkiria continues to remain insignificant until now, and most of them are published in the periodical press, as a rule, they have a journalistic, local history, popular science, reference or review orientation. For the first time, the researcher was faced with the task of identifying the dynamics of repressive measures against the ethnic group of Belarusians who lived compactly in rural areas of the region. The analysis of the data of the "Book of Memory of the Victims of Political Repression of the Republic of Bashkortostan" has established that rural residents from among the Belarusian ethnic group suffered more at the initial stages of mass collectivization. this confirms the prosperity of the settlers acquired during the functioning of the farm system of management, as well as the fact that the repressions against Belarusians did not have an ethnic coloring, like their neighbors in the farm residence of Latvians. As an example, the archival and investigative cases of the FSB in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1931 are considered. The fate of a late-period migrant who emigrated to the Soviet Union in 1926 from the territory of Western Belarus is considered.

THE MAIN STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Ol’ga A. Pylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article focuses on the emigration of Ukrainians to the US and the formation of a Ukrainian diaspora there. Emigration from ethnic Ukrainian territories began at the end of the nineteenth century and has continued to the present day. The generally accepted periodisation considers five waves of emigration (before 1914, 1914–1945, 1945–1986, 1986–2014 and after 2014) and therefore five stages of the diaspora formation. As the study shows, the stages or waves of emigration from Ukraine largely coincide with the migration processes in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and finally in the post-Sovi- et space, but there are also a number of differences that need to be understood. The diaspora issues were often linked to issues of emigrant self-determination, identity formation as well as the policies of the recipient state. Political, social, educational and other organisations have been formed within the diaspora over the course of its existence, with the diaspora institutionalisation pro- cesses varying according to the specific historical period. In the context of the continuation of the next stage of Ukrainian emigration to the United States and the evolution of the diaspora today, a historical and genetic study of the transmigration of Ukrainians overseas and the formation of diaspora structures acquires particular relevance.

Contemporary U.S. Theory of International Law

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Edward McWhinney
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
General Theory ◽  
International Law ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Post War ◽  
New Generation

My retrospective study, published in the twenty-fifth anniversary volume of this Yearbook, attempted a critical survey of post-war Soviet general theory of international law, and noted the signs of an intellectual changing of the guard and the emergence of a new generation of Soviet international legal theorists. Is it possible today to speak of a post-war U.S. general theory of international law, and, if so, can we speak of a generational change, in the late 1980's, similar to that in the Soviet Union?

The Decline of the Finnish American Left 1925–1945

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kivisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Society ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
American Left ◽  
Significant Factors

Finnish immigrants have frequently been cited as the most politically radical ethnic group in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century, as indicated by the support they provided to the major left-wing organizations of the time. However, by 1945 this tendency was dissipating. Although political repression and nativist asperity were significant factors in undermining the left, they do not fully account for the downfall of leftist support. This article examines four other major factors: 1) the Bolshevization of the American left; 2) mass emigration to the Soviet Union; 3) the erosion of the ethnic community; and 4) the emergence of the “New American Society”.

Issues and propositions on the improvement of doctoral education

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lipai ◽  
Mariam Gevorgyan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Doctoral Candidates ◽  
Industrial Societies

Higher education institutions (HEIs) in Armenia and Belarus have been conducted doctoral and postgraduate programs since Soviet Union times. In both countries consisted of two successive scientific (research) degrees: Candidate of Sciences and Doctor of Sciences. The main purpose of research education has been the creation of new investigation; moreover, it gave bigger importance to the results of scholarship rather than formation of scholars with specific knowledge, capacities, and skills, including teaching skills for higher education, dealing with modern technologies, and so on. In contemporary post-industrial societies, knowledge becomes outdated very quickly, making the training of versatile, innovative doctoral candidates a high priority. Their future career and employment opportunities are not limited to scholarly endeavors or teaching activities in traditional academic environment. The new generation of researchers should be competent not only in their professional area, but also have general broad preparedness, including communication, management and entrepreneurial skills. Our article also offers a mixed-method perspective on the investigation of determinants of effectiveness in quality assurance at higher education institutions.

British Lord, American Movie Idol and Soviet Counterculture Figure

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. White
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Individualism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Previous Scholarship

For an entire generation of Soviet youth, Tarzan was a provocative symbol of individualism and personal freedom. Previous scholarship has included Tarzan within the larger counterculture movement of the thaw period (1953–64), but has not specifically examined how this occurred. Joseph S. Nye has coined the term soft power to describe the ability to attract and to co-opt rather than to force another nation into accepting your ideals. Within this rubric, Tarzan’s presence in the Soviet Union was simultaneously entertaining and provocative. As literary fare in the 1920s, Tarzan represented an escape from war and revolution and was sanctioned as acceptable reading for Soviet youths. The celluloid Tarzan also represented an escape, but this time from the repressive Stalinist regime and the hardships of post-WWII Soviet society. Raised on both the books and films, a new generation of Soviet youth longed for the individual freedom that Tarzan came to represent. Tarzan’s impact in the Soviet Union is one example of western cultural infiltration that contributed to the idealization of American individualism over the Soviet collective within the Soviet Union.

From Soviet Republics to Independent Countries: Challenges of Transition in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzohid Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn the twentieth century, the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan passed through a complex historical period. They were originally founded as republics of the Soviet Union in the 1920s-30s as a result of national and territorial state delimitation. The process of the creation of new national state formations began after the Soviet Union disintegrated and these republics achieved independence. At the same time, the region's nations are facing complex problems of transition and the creation of new societies. Nevertheless, these countries have to continue the process of political and economic reforms, as well as development of civic institutions. The Central Asian nations established contacts with foreign states and international organizations and started to form a system of interstate relations between the countries of the region. There are potentials for development of regional integration of Central Asia. Future integration will depend on the readiness of the nations to carry out political and economic reforms, introduce forms and methods of economic regulation compatible with global norms, and most important, international support of political reforms and regional integration.

scholarly journals Economic History in the Topics of Dissertation Research in Russia (1991–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Bakanov ◽  
Ivan A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library

Introduction. This article deals with the subject of thesis in the direction of “Economic history”, which were prepared and defended in Russia in the post-Soviet period (1991–2019). The dissolution of the Soviet Union is getting rid of research from ideological clichés, which made the topic of economic history relevant and in demand. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the e-catalog of authors’ abstracts of the Russian State Library, the database “Dissertations on economic history of the late XX – early XXI centuries” was formed. The bibliographic information about the authors’ abstracts became the formal attributes of the described database. The analytical units were the attributes of the “geographical range”, “chronological frame” and “research problem”. Results. The analysis of the database showed that during the entire period were formed stable trends scientific subdirectories within the frame of economic history (history of industry, history of agriculture, history of entrepreneurship, history of banks, etc.), and in maintaining the status of leading research centers. The historical period from the second half of the XIX to the first half of the XX centuries attracts the main attention of the authors of thesis on economic history. Discussion and Conclusion. A quantitative analysis of the dynamic of thesis defenses showed a decline in the interest of authors of thesis in the problems of economic history in the 2010s. The key factors of this decline were changes in the requirements to thesis. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the direction of “economic history” has a potential to overcome designated problems.

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