scholarly journals The grammatical representation of expletive negation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Jin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Resource Semantics ◽  
Issue Content ◽  
Standard Semantic

Expletive negation refers to constructions where a negator in the complement of certain lexical items does not change the polarity of the complement proposition. Jin & Koenig (2021) show that expletive negation occurs rather widely in languages of the world and in very similar environments. They propose a language production model of why such apparently illogical uses of negation arise in language after language. But their study does not address the grammatical status and representation of expletive negation. In this paper, we argue that expletive negation is part of the lexical knowledge speakers have of their language and that the negator in expletive negation constructions contributes a negation to a non-at-issue content associated with expletive negation triggers. We provide a Lexical Resource Semantics analysis of how triggers combine in a non-standard manner with the standard semantic content of their complements: the negation (and in some cases an additional modal operator) of the content of their complement is part of the trigger’s non-at-issue content while the scope of the negation is an argument of the trigger’s MAIN content. Finally, we suggest that the expletive use of the French negator ne includes a lexical constraint that requires it to modify a verb that reverse selects for an expletive negation trigger.

scholarly journals Ohionim of the Mother of God in poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Mykola Stepanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lexical Resource ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Semantic Compatibility ◽  
Resource Semantics

The object of the proposed article is the Christian ohionim of the Mother of God in the poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko. This proper name, together with the propriatives God, the Lord, forms the core of the sacredness of the studied texts. An indepth analysis of the “Kobzar” gives grounds to claim that its author was a deeply religious man who knew the Scriptures well and used it creatively in artistic practice. Evidence of this are the historical and philosophical poems “Mary” and “Neophytes”, in which biblical and secular motifs are organically intertwined, which is directly reflected in the level of verbalization (active use of Old Slavonic, God’s names, biblical expressions). On the basis of the theantropocentric approach, the peculiarities of the existence of the ohionim of the Mother of God in the texts of different genres are clarified. Up to the aim, a paradigmatic approach is used: all the names of the Mother of Jesus Christ recorded in the discourse are embedded in a nominative paradigm, each component of which (Mary, Mother, Mother of God, Mother Mary, Virgin, Immaculate, Queen of Heaven, Ever-immaculate, Good, All-Good, All-Holy, worthy, pure in wives, blessed in wives, great in wives mourning joy, holy power of all saints, our world unseen, my most glorious paradise, our beauty, world green, fragrant green lily) is characterized in terms of its semantic content and semantic specification, established correlations between them. A comparative analysis based on the semasiological procedure of the lexical resource that is part of the appellation and at the same time exists as a propriative unit was done. Special attention is paid to the connecting capabilities of the described ohionim, its ability to appear in the subjective, object, attributive function and thus to identify the features of semantic-syntactic valence. Episodes from the earthly and heavenly life of Mother Mary are clearly based on the valence pattern. The lexical-semantic compatibility of the theonym of the Mother of God with attributive modifiers in the form of agreed and uncoordinated definitions is comprehensively interpreted, their constitutive possibilities are clarified. It is proved that sacredness is one of the immanent features of Taras Shevchenko’s poetic idiostyle. Keywords: ohionim of the Mother of God, nominative paradigm, poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko, syntagmatic resource, semantics.

scholarly journals Representing scales: Degree result clauses and emphaticnegative polarity items in Romanian

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica-Mihaela Rizea ◽  
Manfred Sailer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Lexical Resource ◽  
Npi Licensing ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Resource Semantics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Standard Semantic

The paper proposes a representational re-encoding of the scalar, pragmatic accounts of NPI licensing within the framework of Lexical Resource Semantics (LRS). The analysis focuses on a less researched distribution pattern: emphatic NPIs occurring in result clause constructions that receive an intensification reading. We will provide a scalar extension of a standard semantic account of result clauses to capture the high degree interpretations. Our investigation will also offer new insights on NPI licensing in embedded clauses. We will primarily consider Romanian data.

scholarly journals Linguodidactic potential of concepts in teaching foreign languages to students-interpreters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Authentic Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature

The paper discusses possibilities and ways of studying concepts in teaching foreign languages to students-interpreters. The author notes that modern didactic research has interdisciplinary nature, analyzes the theory of the concept from the point of view of linguistics, cultural studies and psycholinguistics. The author also notes the fact of creation of linguo-conceptodidactics as a new scientific direction. The paper presents a linguodidactic understanding of the concept, analyzes its structure and semantic content. The author describes in detail the process of foreign language concepts acquisition and presents it as a sequence of several stages. The acquisition of foreign language concepts is associated with the development of concept competence. The paper notes that the acquisition of foreign language concepts should go in parallel with the acquisition of foreign language lexis. In addition, it is necessary to use authentic materials in teaching foreign languages that allows forming a conceptual picture of the world of native speakers. Acquisition of foreign language concepts is especially important for students-interpreters who study several foreign languages and are faced with the problem of translating foreign concepts and phenomena of foreign language reality. The paper presents how conceptuality can be realized in teaching foreign languages. The author gives a practical example of studying the English concept Travel, offers examples of exercises and tasks for mastering it, as well as mnemonic techniques for memorizing lexemes that represent the concept. In the paper is stressed, that the concepts should be included in the content of foreign language teaching to students-interpreters. This contributes to the development of correct ideas about foreign language reality, understanding the facts of the native and foreign language culture, i.e. cultural reflection development.

scholarly journals DEPLESI SUMBER DAYA IKAN TUNA DAN CAKALANG DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Akhmad Fauzi ◽  
A Faroby Falatehan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Surplus Production Model ◽  
The World

ABSTRAKTuna dan cakalang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang besar di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua komoditas ini telah menunjukkan gejala over fishing di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi seberapa besar deplesi ikan tuna dan cakalang di Indonesia. Deplesi sumber daya dihitung melalui perkiraan stok dan tingkat hasil lestari dengan menggunakan model produksi surplus dan estimasi parameter menggunakan metoda Clarke Yoshimoto Pooley (CYP). Nilai deplesi diperoleh dari perkalian volume deplesi dengan unit rent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume rata-rata deplesi sumber daya ikan tuna dan cakalang pada periode 1992-2015 adalah (-) 2.828 ton per tahun. Rata-rata nilai deplesi sumber daya ikan tuna dan cakalang menunjukkan angka negatif, yaitu (-) Rp131,89 miliar per tahun. Nilai negatif ini menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 1992-2015, stok sumber daya ikan tuna dan cakalang mengalami penurunan sebesar 2.828 ton per tahun dengan nilai potensi kerugian atau kehilangan akibat penurunan stok yang mencapai Rp131,89 miliar per tahun.Title: Tuna And Skipjack Resources Depletion In IndonesiaABSTRACTTuna and Skipjack has a great economic potential in Indonesia. Several studies have shown that these commodities have symptomed of over-fishing in the world, including Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the extent of tuna and skipjack depletion in Indonesia. Resource depletion is calculated through stock estimates and sustainable yield levels using surplus production model and parameter estimation of Clark Yoshimoto Pooley (CYP) method. Depletion value is obtained from multiplication of depletion volume with unit rent. Results of the study showed that the average volume of depletion of tuna and skipjack resources in the period 1992-2015 was (-) 2,828 tons per year. The average value of tuna and skipjack resource depletion showed negative numbers, ie (-) IDR 131.89 billion per year. This negative value indicates that during the period 1992-2015, the stock of tuna and skipjack fish resources decreased by 2.828 tons per year with the potential value of loss or loss due to a decrease in stock which reached IDR131,89 billion per year. 

Brain-imaging studies of language production

2007 ◽  
pp. 546-564
Author(s):  
Peter Indefrey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Code Word ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Independent Evidence

This article adopts the production model of Levelt to discuss brain imaging studies of continuous speech. Conclusions about the involvement of brain regions in processes of language production are mainly drawn on the basis of the presence or absence of processing components of speaking in certain experimental tasks. Such conclusions are largely theory independent, because differences between current models do not concern the assumed processing levels but the exact nature of the information flow between them. In a second step, the article tests some of these conclusions by comparing the few available data on activation time courses of brain regions and independent evidence on the timing of processes in language production. It also discusses brain regions involved in word production, conceptually driven lexical selection, phonological code (word form) retrieval, phonological encoding, phonetic encoding and articulation, self-monitoring, whether the hemodynamic core areas are necessary for word production, and bilingual language production.

The Notion of Approximation in Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Hamawand
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Dimensions

This paper seeks to explicate the notion of approximation in language: the state of being close or near to a desired number or amount. Approximation is used to reflect a lack of exact knowledge. This paper adopts Cognitive Semantics and attempts to apply two of its fundamental claims to the description of markers denoting approximation. One claim is that all linguistic elements posited in language have semantic content. On the basis of this claim, the paper argues that a marker of approximation has conceptual content of its own which conditions its presence in a construction. Each marker adds semantic import to the construction in which it occurs. The other claim is that the use of a lexical expression is the outcome of the specific construal imposed on a situation. On the basis of this claim, the paper argues that the uses of approximating markers represent different dimensions of construal. Each marker signals a different perspective of the speaker in describing the world. The aim is to show, based on examples, that approximating markers are not random choices. Each marker has a distinct message in the language.

WORLD HERITAGE MAPPING IN A STANDARD-BASED STRUCTURED GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
M. Valese ◽  
F. Noardo ◽  
A. Pereira Roders
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The World

Abstract. This research aims at the study of the (dynamic) relationship between the World Heritage sites and the related human settlements development. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be useful to represent the involved information and to analyze such relationship. However, an effective harmonized structure and unique storage of possibly heterogeneous datasets is necessary to enable it. This initial step is the focus of this paper. First, the description of the structure of the related datasets and the assessment of the availability, quality, and consistency of the available information about the Heritage sites and properties is presented. Among those requirements, the quality of the associated spatial information is critical (e.g. kind of shape, accuracy, georeferencing). Second, considering the structure of the available datasets concerning the world heritage, together with the HERILAND research requirements, a global world heritage GIS is designed. The classification and data model to manage the WH list falls within the wider issue of structuring the cultural heritage documentation, involving both the definition of the semantic content and the geometric representation. In order to comply with the important requirement of data interoperability in science and to strengthen the outcomes of the research, some standardized data models and classifications are considered.

A Cognitive Approach to the Metaphor Translation of Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Wenhui Yang ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Baoyu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Integration ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World

Metaphors are ubiquitous as they are a way for people to understand the world, and are usually translated by the strategy of either domestication or foreignization. The translators conducted a translation practice of “Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life” by applying a cognitive integration system to analyze the metaphorical devices of SKIN, GAME, SKIN IN THE GAME, and how their integration processes affected the translators’ decisions on the target versions in different contexts with various linguistic choices. The translating practice proves that, in different contexts, with different life experience and existed knowledge, the translators might present different degrees of autonomy and ways-of-seeing the world in the source text and linguistic preferences in the translation. Many selected linguistic choices applied in translation practice are intentional in nature and are a part of translators’ cognitive world, which are compositionally active with their knowledge background and extensional, referential and personal experiences. This finding provides an empirically-grounded analysis of cognitive integration in translation practice, attempting at bridging the gap between research in discouses analysis, conceptual structure, and language production in translation. 

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE MATERIAL PRODUCTION MODEL FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE ECONOMY PARADIGM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Н. Shpakova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
The World ◽  
System Components ◽  
Product Creation ◽  
Growing Population

The complication of the environmental situation in the world makes mankind look for new economic models in which sustainable development is provided. With the growing population of the planet and its needs, there is an overconsumption of natural resources. The factors that are formed as a result of polymorphism of the system components «economy»-«ecology»-«society» are considered. It is proposed to replace the linear economy model, implemented in particular in the construction industry, with a model of the circular economy with its main imperatives oriented to biosphere-compatible construction at all stages of product creation while preserving natural resources.Keywords: circular economy, recycling, functional transformation, natural capital, greening, object life cycle

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