scholarly journals Formation of the Domestic Dual Studies Pattern and Superposition of Stakeholders – The Case of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Tetiana Vasylieva ◽  
Olena Davlikanova
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engagement System

The article investigates the results of stakeholder analysis applied in the course of design and implementation of a national-level project aimed at Ukrainian dual studies management (DSM) system formation. The concept of dual studies (DS) was introduced and promoted in Ukraine thanks to a launched in 2013 project conducted by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Office in Ukraine (FES-Ukraine) in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES), Ukrainian Marketing Association, a wide range of higher educational establishments (HEEs), employers, their associations and other interested parties. Being a complex project, it required deliberate approach to stakeholder analysis and classification that allowed shaping well-targeted strategies aimed at ensuring the required scope of stakeholders’ engagement. The authors applied the Mendelow’s Matrix of stakeholder classification; offered classification of stakeholders according to the DSM levels (macro or state level; meso or regional and sectoral level; and micro level or the level of HEE-company cooperation); and, in addition, in 2013 (launch of the project) and 2019 (launch of the national experiment of DSM introduction as a result of project activities) the authors conducted superposition of stakeholders in the “impact – engagement” system of coordinates. This approach demonstrated expected vs. caused impact of stakeholders on DSM introduction and their expected/real engagement into DSM system functioning in Ukraine. A superposition interference as of 2013 and 2019 demonstrated differences in the list and functions of stakeholders engaged into Ukrainian DSM system on the initial and current stages of its development. This allowed confirming the hypothesis concerning the impossibility of German DSM management system “import” without its adaptation to the national context.

The EU as an “enforcement patchwork”: the impact of national enforcement for compliance with EU water law in Spain and Britain

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractFailures of compliance with European Union (EU) directives have revealed the EU as a political system capable of enacting laws in a wide range of different policy areas, but facing difficulties to ensure their actual implementation. Although the EU relies on national enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with the EU legislation, there is scarce analysis of the differential deterrent effect of national enforcement in EU law compliance. This article examines the enforcement of an EU water directive, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in Spain and the UK. It focuses on the existing national sanctions for disciplining actors in charge of complying with EU requirements, and on the actual use of punitive sanctions. The analysis shows that a more comprehensive and active disciplinary regime at the national level contributes to explain a higher degree of compliance with EU law. The article calls for a detailed examination of the national administrative and criminal sanction system for a more comprehensive understanding of the incentives and disincentives to comply with EU law at the national state level.

scholarly journals Shooting from the ‘Scrip: Scope of Practice Laws and Access to Immunizations in the Pharmacy Setting

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Charles Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Influenza Immunization ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
The Impact

In the past two decades, most states in the United States have added authorization for pharmacists to administer some vaccinations. Expansions of this authority have also come with prescription requirements or other regulatory burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of these expansions on influenza immunization rates in adults age 65 and over. A panel data, differences-in-differences regression framework to control for state-level unobserved confounders and shocks at the national level was used on a combination of a dataset of state-level statute and regulatory changes and influenza immunization data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Giving pharmacists permission to vaccinate had a positive impact on adult influenza immunization rates of 1.4 percentage points for adults age 65 and over. This effect was diminished by the presence of laws requiring pharmacists to obtain patient-specific prescriptions. There was no evidence that allowing pharmacists to administer vaccinations led patients to have fewer annual check-ups with physicians or not have a usual source of health care. Expanding pharmacists’ scope of practice laws to include administering the influenza vaccine had a positive impact on influenza shot uptake. This may have implications for relaxing restrictions on other forms of care that could be provided by pharmacists.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Massachusetts State-Sponsored Educational Program on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Acute Care Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Weston ◽  
Lauren Epstein ◽  
Lisa E. Davidson ◽  
Alfred DeMaria ◽  
Shira Doron
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Business Models ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
The State ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
The Impact

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are critically important for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite this, there are no regulatory requirements at a national level, which makes initiatives at the state level critical. The objectives of this study were to identify existing antimicrobial stewardship practices, characterize barriers to antimicrobial stewardship implementation in acute care hospitals throughout Massachusetts, and evaluate the impact on these hospitals of a state-sponsored educational conference on antimicrobial stewardship.In September 2011, a state-sponsored educational program entitled “Building Stewardship: A Team Approach Enhancing Antibiotic Stewardship in Acute Care Hospitals” was offered to interested practitioners from throughout the state. The program consisted of 2 audio conferences, reading materials, and a 1-day conference consisting of lectures focusing on the importance of ASPs, strategies for implementation, improvement strategies for existing programs, and panel discussions highlighting successful practices. Smaller breakout sessions focused on operational issues, including understanding of pharmacodynamics, business models, and electronic surveillance.

scholarly journals Global and regional impacts of land cover changes on isoprene emissions derived from spaceborne data and the MEGAN model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Opacka ◽  
Jean-François Müller ◽  
Trissevgeni Stavrakou ◽  
Maite Bauwens ◽  
Katerina Sindelarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Among the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plant foliage, isoprene is by far the most important in terms of both global emission and atmospheric impact. It is highly reactive in the air, and its degradation favours the generation of ozone (in presence of NOx) and secondary organic aerosols. A critical aspect of BVOC emission modelling is the representation of land use and land cover (LULC). The current emission inventories are usually based on land cover maps that are either modelled and dynamic or satellite-based and static. In this study, we use the state-of-the-art MEGAN model coupled with the canopy model MOHYCAN to generate and evaluate emission inventories relying on satellite-based LULC maps at annual time steps. To this purpose, we first intercompare the distribution and evolution (2001–2016) of tree coverage from three global satellite-based datasets, MODIS, ESA CCI-Land Cover (ESA CCI-LC) and the Global Forest Watch (GFW), and from national inventories. Substantial differences are found between the datasets, e.g. the global areal coverage of trees ranges from 30 to 50 Mkm2, with trends spanning from −0.26 % yr−1 to +0.03 % yr−1 between 2001 and 2016. At national level, the increasing trends in forest cover reported by some national inventories (in particular for the US) are contradicted by all remotely-sensed datasets. Three inventories of isoprene emissions are generated, differing only in their LULC datasets used as input: (i) the static distribution of the stand-alone version of MEGAN, (ii) the time-dependent MODIS land cover dataset, and (iii) the MODIS dataset modified to match the tree cover distribution from the GFW database. The mean annual isoprene emissions (350–520 Tg yr−1) span a wide range due to differences in tree distributions, especially in isoprene-rich regions. The impact of LULC changes is a mitigating effect ranging from 0.04 to 0.33 % yr−1 on the positive trends (0.94 % yr−1) mainly driven by temperature and solar radiation. This study highlights the uncertainty in spatial distributions and temporal variability of isoprene associated to remotely-sensed LULC datasets. The interannual variability of the emissions is evaluated against spaceborne observations of formaldehyde (HCHO), a major isoprene oxidation product, through simulations using the global chemistry-transport model (CTM) IMAGESv2. A high correlation (R > 0.8) is found between the observed and simulated interannual variability of HCHO columns in most forested regions. The implementation of LULC change has little impact on this correlation, due to the dominance of meteorology as driver of short-term interannual variability. Nevertheless, the simulation accounting for the large tree cover declines of the GFW database over several regions, notably Indonesia and Mato Grosso in Brazil, provides the best agreement with the HCHO column trends observed by OMI. Overall, our study indicates that the continuous tree cover fields at fine resolution provided by the GFW database are our preferred choice for constraining LULC (in combination with discrete LULC maps such as those of MODIS) in biogenic isoprene emission models.

scholarly journals Progress in reducing child mortality and stunting in India: an application of the Lives Saved Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Alderman ◽  
Phuong Hong Nguyen ◽  
Purnima Menon
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Intervention Coverage ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Lives Saved Tool ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been used to estimate the impact of scaling up intervention coverage on undernutrition and mortality. Evidence for the model is largely based on efficacy trials, raising concerns of applicability to large-scale contexts. We modelled the impact of scaling up health programs in India between 2006 and 2016 and compared estimates to observed changes. Demographics, intervention coverage and nutritional status were obtained from National Family and Health Survey 2005–6 (NFHS-3) for the base year and NHFS-4 2015–16 for the endline. We used the LiST to estimate the impact of changes in coverage of interventions over this decade on child mortality and undernutrition at national and subnational levels and calculated the gap between estimated and observed changes in 2016. At the national level, the LiST estimates are close to the actual values of mortality for children <1 year and <5 years in 2016 (at 41 vs 42.6 and 50 vs 56.4, respectively, per 1000 live births). National estimates for stunting, wasting and anaemia at are also close to the actual values of NFHS-4. At the state level, actual changes were higher than the changes from the LiST projections for both mortality and stunting. The predicted changes using the LiST ranged from 33% to 92% of the actual change. The LiST provided national projections close to, albeit slightly below, actual performance over a decade. Reasons for poorer performance of state-specific projections are unknown; further refinements to the LiST for subnational use would improve the usefulness of the tool.

scholarly journals Family structure and affluence in adolescent eating behaviour: a cross-national study in forty-one countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Apolinaras Zaborskis ◽  
Monika Grincaitė ◽  
Aistė Kavaliauskienė ◽  
Riki Tesler
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
National Study ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Intact Family ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Objective: To investigate the family structure and affluence-related inequality in adolescent eating behaviour. Design: Multivariate binary logistic regression and path analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of family structure and affluence on the consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks among adolescents. Setting: The cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2013/2014 across forty-one countries. Participants: Adolescents aged 11–15 years old (n 192 755). Results: Adolescents from a non-intact family were less likely to eat daily fruits (OR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·84), vegetables (OR 0·91; 95 % CI 0·89, 0·93) and sweets (OR 0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99), but were more likely to consume soft drinks (OR 1·14; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·17), compared with their counterparts from an intact family. Adolescents who had the lowest family affluence scores (FAS) were less likely to eat daily fruits (OR 0·51; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·53), vegetables (OR 0·58; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·60) and sweets (OR 0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·97), but were more likely to consume soft drinks (OR 1·25; 95 % CI 1·20, 1·30), compared with their counterparts who had the highest FAS. Across countries, a wide range of social inequality in daily consumption of foods was observed. Conclusions: Among adolescents in Europe, Canada and Israel, there was a high level of family structure and family affluence inequalities in daily food consumption. Different aspects of family socio-economic circumstances should be considered at the national level designing effective interventions to promote healthy eating among adolescents.

‘Gun shop projects’ for suicide prevention in the USA: current state and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Polzer ◽  
Sara Brandspigel ◽  
Timothy Kelly ◽  
Marian Betz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo describe community-driven suicide prevention partnerships between firearm retailers and public health officials (‘gun shop projects’), including common elements and challenges.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with leaders from state-level and national-level partnerships to determine common features, challenges and strategies used by these groups. Data were coded via theme analysis; two independent coders followed a shared codebook developed in an iterative fashion and with high inter-rater reliability.ResultsAcross 10 interviews, data revealed four main themes: (1) community building was a cornerstone of these efforts; (2) appropriate messaging and language were vital to successes; (3) groups employed various educational and outreach campaigns and (4) groups identified common challenges and obstacles.ConclusionsGun shop project partnerships between firearm retailers and public health officials show promise, with thematic data demonstrating common trends and steps towards successful programme implementation. Evaluative data are needed to determine the impact of these efforts on suicide prevention in local communities.

The European Court of Human Rights Interptetation of Migrants Cases: Basic Doctrinal Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
SVITLANA KARVATSKA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
European Court ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The doctrinal substantiation of the practical consideration of precedents in relation to ensuring and violating the migrants’ rights is in sight of the representatives of various field of science. It is also a subject of complex international legal, political, historical, economic, demographic, anthropological and social studies. However, a rapid dynamic development, caused by various factors in migration processes, and its institutionalization requires picky and thorough scientific analysis of some important issues such as the migration problem, the impact of the right to migrate, political and rational incentives for migration, consideration of the interpretation of such cases by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for a further and comprehensive settlement of migration policy on both European and national level. Although particular steps are being taken to create a sustainable regulatory framework for the recognition and assurance of human rights in response to current challenges and to systemic drawbacks of the national human rights mechanism – the problems of migration and asylum are very urgent and thorny. The purpose of the article is to analyse doctrinal approaches and legal positions of the ECtHR in the process of interpretation in the field of migration. The use of the research methodology was caused by the specifics of the study subject. The comprehensive approach to analysis, which combines a wide range of philosophical, general scientific, special scientific and legal methods, served as a research basis. Thus, the dialectical method has allowed substantiating a regular nature of the formation of an evolutionary approach to the interpretation of ECtHR judgments. The anthropological approach emphasized on the place and role of man in the process of legal interpretation. With the help of the hermeneutic method, the concept of the categories “migrant”, “migrants’ rights”, “asylum”, as well as the content of the doctrinal approaches and legal positions of the Court were disclosed, while a systematic method reflected the interrelationship between them. The statistical method made it possible to quantitatively synthesize the case law of the ECtHR in the field of migration and asylum. The use of the comparative method allowed to carry out a comparative analysis of doctrinal approaches employed by the Court in considering various categories of migration issues in different periods of its activities. It is proved that the ECtHR uses many doctrinal approaches, the Court emphasizes on the need to adhere to the principle of wide margin of appreciation. In cases of deportation of foreigners convicted of a criminal offense, the Court is guided by the principle of proportionality. Most of the cases examined by the ECtHR concerning migrants are related to the provision of asylum. The interpretation activities of the Court are focused on identifying barriers to asylum and formulating the principle of prohibition of dismissal, if the asylum seeker was forced to leave his country caused by various circumstances such as humanitarian crisis, non-selective violence, real threat / danger, denial of justice, or unlawful detention or conviction by a manifestly unfair trial in country of residence, or procedural violations against migrants and etc. The ECtHR has also focused on assessing the risks of not granting asylum, in particular, harsh treatment and has formulated the predominance principle of the child’s extraordinary vulnerability, which prevails over the status of the illegal stay presence as a foreigner on the territory of the state

Institutionalization of Accounting and Auditing Services in Ukraine: Genesis, Evaluation, Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s123-s137
Author(s):  
Olena Antoniuk ◽  
Petro Kutsyk ◽  
Iryna Brodska ◽  
Olena  Kolesnikova ◽  
Nataliya Struk
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to consider the impact of institutionalization processes and regulations on the development of accounting and auditing services. The research is based on the analysis of the development of the institutional framework for the provision of audit services. Comparisons of the composition of regulatory support with the actual structure of accounting and auditing services on the basis of statistical data of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine for the period from 2011 to 2019 indicate the problems in institutional support. The purpose of the article is to answer the questions: 1) whether the legislative regulation has an impact on the volume of orders for statutory audit; 2) how the regulations have influenced the development of methodological support for the provision of audit services; 3) whether the practice and theory of audit services need convergence at the institutional level. The authors correlate  classification of audit services in normative documents, including documents of the professional organization of auditors. The issue of institutionalization is considered in the context of the interaction of accounting problems at the national level in Ukraine and the practice of auditors. It has been proven that the provision of accounting services and services is a priority in the activities of auditors. A separate area of research is the institutional principles of activity, requirements for quality of work. The study indicated a decrease in the number of audit entities in Ukraine. The results of the study have shown that there are differences between legal regulation and practice. The conclusion of this paper helps to identify vectors in the development of a regulatory framework of audit services national level.

Have changes in yield (1900-1992) been accompanied by a decreased yield stability in Australian cereal production?

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Slafer ◽  
GC Kernich
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
South Australia ◽  
State Level ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Regression analyses of the relationships between yield and time over the last century were conducted for wheat, barley, oats, maize, and rice at a national level and those for the three winter cereals in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria (Vic), South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA), and Queensland (Qld). The fitted function accounts for the impact of agronomic improvement on yield and the residuals stand for the variability of yield beyond this impact. Another measure of the stability was obtained by considering the residuals as a proportion of actual yield ('relative residuals'). Crops varied greatly in their yields but there was no relationship between the coefficient of variation and average yield amongst these cereals. As expected, yields of all five crops are presently higher than early this century. The residuals and relative residuals for each crop were plotted against years. Residuals of wheat yields over time showed no increase or decrease during the century, but the relative residuals exhibited a clear trend towards an increased yield stability. Barley and oats showed sirnilar patterns to those of wheat. Residuals of maize yields increased with time, but relative residuals remained unchanged. Rice yields exhibited the largest residuals, but no trends with time. Yield stability, measured as a proportion of yield, has been clearly improved during this century. Yield trends for the winter cereals at a State level confirmed the results observed at a national level. In conclusion, yields of newer cultivars grown under modern management were higher and more stable, or at least not less stable, than those of crops grown early in the century. Across States and crops, there was no relationship between yield stability and yield.

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