scholarly journals Motivational Factors in Organisational Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Biewendt ◽  
Florian Blaschke ◽  
Arno Böhnert

The presented paper gives an overview of the most important and most common theories and concepts from the economic field of organisational change and is also enriched with quantitative publication data, which underlines the relevance of the topic. In particular, the topic presented is interwoven in an interdisciplinary way with economic psychological models, which are underpinned within the models with content from leading scholars in the field. The pace of change in companies is accelerating, as is technological change in our society. Adaptations of the corporate structure, but also of management techniques and tasks, are therefore indispensable. This includes not only the right approaches to employee motivation, but also the correct use of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Based on the hypothesis put forward by the scientist and researcher Rollinson in his book “Organisational behaviour and analysis” that managers believe motivational resources are available at all times, socio-economic and economic psychological theories are contrasted here in order to critically examine this statement. In addition, a fictitious company was created as a model for this work in order to illustrate the effects of motivational deficits in practice. In this context, the theories presented are applied to concrete problems within the model and conclusions are drawn about their influence and applicability. This led to the conclusion that motivation is a very individual challenge for each employee, which requires adapted and personalised approaches. On the other hand, the recommendations for action for supervisors in the case of motivation deficits also cannot be answered in a blanket manner, but can only be solved with the help of professional, expert-supported processing due to the economic-psychological realities of motivation. Identifying, analysing and remedying individual employee motivation deficits is, according to the authors, a problem and a challenge of great importance, especially in the context of rapidly changing ecosystems in modern companies, as motivation also influences other factors such as individual productivity. The authors therefore conclude that good motivation through the individual and customised promotion and further training of employees is an important point for achieving important corporate goals in order to remain competitive on the one hand and to create a productive and pleasant working environment on the other.

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-22
Author(s):  
Miloš Hitka ◽  
Jozef Ďurian ◽  
Silvia Lorincová ◽  
Bianka Dúbravská

Motivation is considered one of the most important prerequisites for the success and effectiveness of the resulting performances. Usually, we meet only with a perspective of employee motivation from inside the company. However, the external environment, i.e. macro-environment, also influences the motivation of employees. We decided to focus on exploring how macroeconomic indicators evolution affects employee motivation. By means of the research conducted in Slovakia during the period from 2008 to 2019 on a sample of more than 30,000 respondents, we define the dependence of selected macroeconomic indicators and employee motivation. The research focuses on the analysis of average annual wage and household debt influence on the most important employees’ motivational factors. Based on our findings, we can state that macroeconomic indicators affect the importance of motivational factors in Slovakia. Especially, the average annual wage strongly influences the six motivational factors (communication at the workplace, duties and type of work, working hours, working environment, superior approach, psychological burden). The results of the research also show that the seven motivational factors (atmosphere at the workplace, good team, communication at the workplace, working hours, working environment, superior approach, psychological burden) strongly depend on the macroeconomic indicator of household debt. Therefore, when creating incentive programs, business managers in Slovakia should take into account not only the effects of the company’s microenvironment on motivation but also the effects of the macro-environment and thus macroeconomic changes in the state. The role of a manager is to keep balance between external environment influence on employee motivation and internal actions. The paper presents inspiring ideas in a field of employee motivation and the influence of external environment on motivation.


Archaeologia ◽  
1853 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
John Yonge Akerman

With the exception of Figs. 1, 2, 3, the Gold Ornaments engraved in Plate VIII. have no reference whatever to each other. The first three were obtained by Viscount Strangford, Director of the Society, from a Greek priest at Milo, in the year 1820. Figs. 1 and 3 appear to have formed the ends of a light chain, and the other (fig. 2) to have been pendent by a small loop on the top of the head. The figure has unfortunately lost the feet and the left hand, but the other parts are perfect. The right hand is raised in an admonitory attitude. The forehead appears as if encircled with a wreath, while the body is crossed by what would seem to be intended for the tendril of a vine. The necklace was formerly in the collection of the late Mr. H. P. Borrell, of Smyrna, but I am informed by his brother, Mr. Maximilian Borrell, who now possesses it, that no record exists of its discovery, and that he cannot learn the name of the individual from whom it was purchased. It was well known that Mr. H. P. Borrell was in the habit of purchasing ancient coins, which were sent to him from all parts of Greece and Asia-Minor, and that many rare and unique specimens fell into his hands, of which he contributed descriptions in various volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle. The necklace may, therefore, have been included in one of these numerous consignments, and we can scarcely indulge the hope that the place of its discovery will ever be made known. As an example of ancient art, it may vie with the most elaborate and beautiful specimens of goldsmiths' work of any age or period. The details are wonderfully minute and delicate, even the backs of the button-like objects at the ends of the pendent cords being elaborately finished.


Author(s):  
Bielefeldt Heiner, Prof ◽  
Ghanea Nazila, Dr ◽  
Wiener Michael, Dr

This chapter addresses issues concerning the individual freedom to worship. Given the crucial significance of worship for the understanding and practice of religion, the texts of some national constitutions reduce the right to freedom of religion or belief to the element of worship by replacing it with the term ‘freedom to worship’. However, this narrow or even exclusive emphasis on worship can become an excuse for marginalizing or simply ignoring other important aspects of freedom of religion or belief, such as running charity institutions, offering education services or participating in public debate. It is therefore advisable not to isolate the element of worship, but to see it in conjunction with the other elements of the right to manifest one’s religion or belief through observance, practice, and teaching. The chapter also discusses issues of interpretation such as the ceremonial use of plants and drugs, as well as ritual slaughter and observance of dietary practices.


1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Fleming Crocker

In Kierkegaard's hands the story of Abraham and Isaac is clearly a story about the relationship between the life of sacrifice and the religious life. By leading us on to deeper and deeper levels of sacrifice, he aims to make us grasp the essential nature of faith and, with it, the right relationship between the individual and God. He does this by means of a dialectic involving Abraham's response to God in contrast to (1) the other possible responses he might have made, and (2) Kierkegaard's own response to what he believed was the divine command to break his engagement to Regina Olsen.


Vojno delo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Milan Kovačević

Motivation and work motivation are multidisciplinary topics important for the successful functioning of modern organizations. Opportunities to improve the effects and performance of all types of organizations by influencing employee motivation have resulted in a number of studies aimed at identifying motivational factors, their impact and hierarchy. Work motivational factors are numerous, and their impact and hierarchy are changeable and depend on socio-economic conditions, cultural determinants, as well as the individual characteristics of employees. In order to improve the motivation for work, there is a need to identify factors and their impact on the motivation and effects of the work of the Serbian Armed Forces professional members in their own cultural environment and the current set of socio-economic conditions. The objective of this paper is to develop a model for identifying motivational factors of the Serbian Armed Forces professional members and determine their impact and hierarchy. The paper will use the method of document content analysis in order to identify a list of motivational factors that will then be confirmed or rejected, depending on the results of research conducted using the research method, survey technique and statistical method. The paper presents a model for identifying work motivational factors and the results of a survey of the attitudes of a quota sample of 1401 Serbian Armed Forces professional members. The hierarchy of factors is presented and it has been concluded that good interpersonal relationships and salary amount have the most significant impact on the motivation for work of the Serbian Armed Forces professional members. The results of the research can be used for improving the motivation for work, normative acts, organizational structure and instruments for future research.


1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-496
Author(s):  
Warner Fite

These passages, which I have printed elsewhere, I venture to reproduce on the ground that they state, if somewhat baldly, not indeed all that is important for an individualistic philosophy, but what is most distinctive and necessary. And thus they enable us to see the full dimensions of the question which I shall endeavor to answer, namely, whether the spirit of a free man is compatible with that reverence for the universe and desire for unity with the universe, conceived always as a personal universe—or, more concretely, with that worship and love of God—which I shall assume to be implied in any genuine religion. I need hardly say that the usual answer to the question would be negative. Those who stand firmly enough for the right of self-assertion in the presence of our fellows would be likely either to deny the authority of religion or at any rate to hold that self-assertion has properly no place there. And traditional Christianity, while teaching the doctrine of a personal relation to a personal God and, in the doctrine of personal immortality, affirming, almost distinctively, the worth of the individual soul, treats this worth, hardly as a right, but as a gift, and holds that though a man may stand upright in the presence of his fellows, in the presence of God his attitude must be one of self-abnegation and self-effacement—of submission. On the other hand, in Mr. Bertrand Russell's essay, A Free Man's Worship, in which I should say that the motif of the “free man” is rendered for the most part admirably, it seems to be implied that a free man's religion is necessarily a religion of self-sufficiency. This states my question: Does the individualistic motive imply a spiritual self-sufficiency?


Author(s):  
Andino Maseleno ◽  
Md. Mahmud Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Muslihudin ◽  
Tri Susilowati

Sepak takraw is played by two regus, each consisting of three players. One of the three players shall be at the back and he is called a Tekong. The other two players shall be in front, one on the left and the other on the right. Having volley kicked a throw from the net by a team mate, the ball must then travel over the net to begin play. During the service, as soon as the Tekong kicks the ball, all the players are allowed to move about freely in their respective courts. The novel approach is the integration within a Tsukamoto's Fuzzy reasoning and inferences for evidential reasoning based on Dempster-Shafer theory. Sepak takraw is a highly complex net-barrier kicking sport that involves dazzling displays of quick reflexes, acrobatic twists, turns and swerves of the agile human body movement. Because of the human’s involvement in the game, the Fuzzy Logic type reasoning are the most appropriate. The individual rule outputs of Tsukamoto's Fuzzy reasoning scheme are crisp numbers, and therefore, the functional relationship between the input vector and the system output can be relatively easily identified. The result reveals that if  Tekong is kick far and front player is kick near then another regu's player is kick far, if  Tekong is kick near and front player is kick far then another regu's player is kick near, moreover possibility of kicking range is another regu's player is kick far in kicking range.<br /><br />


1933 ◽  
Vol 49 (328) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith R. Saunders

SUMMARY The typical dichlamydeous cyclic Dicotyledon is so organised that the petaloid character of the corolla can be regarded as a function of a certain combination of conditions as regards time and space: time, in so far that the petaloid feature occurs at a definite stage in the series of developmental processes, following, as it does, upon the differentiation of a (usually) uncoloured (i.e. green) calyx; space, in that it is exhibited on the set of radii alternating with the radii of the sepals. Penetrating a little below the surface appearance, we find we can express these same relations in terms of the vascular anatomy as follows. Those floral members (again taking the typical case) which receive as midribs the first set of equidistant bundles to leave the central cylinder show sepaloid characters; those similarly receiving as midrib bundles the outgoing strands on the alternate set of radii exhibit petaloid colouring. It is found that the marginal veins of the sepals of such Dicotyledon types arise in two different ways, less frequently as true lateral veins from the midribs, more often either through the detachment from the central cylinder on the alternate radii of trunk cords which dissociate in due course into a petal midrib and twin bundles which enter the adjacent side of the sepal to right and left, respectively, and become the marginal vein of that side; or through the departure of pairs of separate strands within the limits of the corresponding alternate sectors. In typical monochlamydeous cyclic Dicotyledons radial organisation follows the same scheme as in dichlamydeous types, notwithstanding that the perianth here takes the form of a single whorl of structures. Such monochlamydeous types may be divided into two classes. In the one class only the issuing vascular bundles on the corresponding set of radii enter the perianth members. These bundles become the midribs. They may give off lateral veins at any point or may remain unbranched. In either case the individual member is homologous with the individual sepal and is typically green. In the other class each member receives not only the bundle on its own radius but also half the perianth component proper to the alternate radius on each side, either as separate strands or (in gamophyllous types) as undisjoined components of perianth-stamen trunk cords. The first-mentioned bundle becomes the midrib of the tepal, the two others become marginal veins, the one entering the tepal on the right, the other that on the left. In forms belonging to this class the tepals are typically petaloid. Each may be regarded as the counterpart of one sepal of dichlamydeous types + half the neighbouring petal on either side. This equivalence is not infrequently indicated outwardly by the considerable thickness of the tepal members as compared with that of the sepals and petals of the nearest allied dichlamydeous forms. The accompanying drawings were made by Miss D. F. M. Pertz, to whom I desire to express my grateful thanks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Sofía Valdivielso Gómez

The text is a letter from a grandmother born in 1964 to her granddaughter born in August 2020. Through this letter, the grandmother tries to explain what the education she received in the seventies was like, as well as the events that took place during the transition from an isolated and dictatorial Spain to a democratic and open country. She does so from a double perspective. On the one hand, by focusing on women and, on the other, on the laws that have requested the educational system to introduce subjects into the curriculum that would highlight equality between men and women. The text has been structured over the decades to follow the lifeline that would allow the grandmother to describe and analyze some facts about the complex reality of the country. Among these facts, it examines the impact of the new discourses on gender identity in the education system. The new discourses reflected in the new laws move the gender discourse towards gender identity discourse. All of this takes place within the context of a capitalist and narcissistic post-modernity that has displaced the plural towards the singular, the collective towards the individual, and the right to desire.


2017 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Serhiy Zdioruk

In all societies, at least prior to the Enlightenment, religion served as a basis for formation of ideology determining the existence of culture. All important areas of society and its institutions were determined by the religious legitimacy this way or the other. Today they are separated from the order of life and culture specified for the society as a whole by the religion and have the status of independent subsystems. However, in fact, religion has become one of the spheres of social life. Now it coexists with the art, philosophy, science, politics, economics and so on. According to the differentiation and specialization of society the individual acquires the status of free and autonomous entity: he is not required to submit to the power of the religious tradition. He is free to use the opportunities to choose any branch of knowledge opening prospects for his capacities. Man has the right to profess any religion or profess none being limited to purely secular activities.


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