scholarly journals UTILITY OF DIF TO REGULATE VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT STEM ELONGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 615g-616
Author(s):  
John T. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Bulb Crops

Seedling stem elongation increased as the difference (DIF) between day (DT) and night (NT) temperatures increased from 10 to 26C (DIF=DT-NT). Stem elongation was primarily dependent on DIF on all crops studied except spring bulb crops. Internode lengths decreased in tomato (68%), watermelon (80%), squash (32%), sweet corn (68%) and snap bean (26%) as the difference between day and night temperatures decreased 12 degrees (C). Cucumber internode length decreased by 84% as DIF decreased 16 degrees (C). The ratio of male to female cucumber flowers decreased from 14 to 1, as DIF decreased 12 degrees (C) from 23 DT/17 NT to 17 DT/26 NT. Stem elongation was very sensitive to cool temperatures during the first 3 hours of the morning. Stem elongation was almost the same if the seedlings were cooled for the first 3 hours of the day versus cooling the plants all day. The interactions between temperature on stem elongation and light quantity and quality, and photoperiod will be discussed. Application of DIF in both northern and southern greenhouses will also be discussed.

scholarly journals INTERACTION BETWEEN DIURNAL TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS AND GIBBERELLINS ON LYCOPERSlCUM STEM ELONGATION AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 657c-657
Author(s):  
John E. Erwin ◽  
Gerald Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Growth Regulator Treatment

Lypcopersicum esculentum cv `Money Maker' seeds were germinated at constant 20C. Three days after germination seedlings were randomly divided into 3 groups and placed into 3 growth chambers maintained at 23/17, 20/20, or 17/23C (day/night temperature) (DT/NT). Irradiance and photoperiod were maintained at 250 μmol s-1 m-2 and 12 hrs, respectively. At the 2 leaf stage, plants in each chamber were divided into 3 groups of 3 plants each to receive a growth regulator treatment. Growth regulator treatments consisted of spray applications of either ancymidol (52ppm), GA3 (12ppm), or water applied every 3 days for 21 days. Measurements were taken on internode length and chlorophyll content after 21 days. Internode length increased as the difference (DIF) between DT and NT increased (DT-NT). Exogenous applications of GA3 overcame inhibition of stem elongation resulting from a -DIF environment. Application of ancymidol did not significantly decrease stem elongation in a -DIF environment. Temperature regime had a significant impact on chlorophyll content per mg dry weight. In contrast, growth regulator applications had a significant impact on chlorophyll content cm-2. There was no significant impact of either temperature regime or growth regulator treatment on the chlorophyll a/b ratio.

scholarly journals Relative transmissibility of hand, foot and mouth disease from male to female individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxue Liao ◽  
Yaqing He ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Yanhua Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shenzhen City ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has spread widely and leads to high disease burden in many countries. However, relative transmissibility from male to female individuals remains unclear. HFMD surveillance database was built in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2017. An intersex transmission susceptible–infectious–recovered model was developed to calculate the transmission relative rate among male individuals, among female individuals, from male to female and from female to male. Two indicators, ratio of transmission relative rate (R β ) and relative transmissibility index (RTI), were developed to assess the relative transmissibility of male vs. female. During the study period, 270 347 HFMD cases were reported in the city, among which 16 were death cases with a fatality of 0.0059%. Reported incidence of total cases, male cases and female cases was 0.0057 (range: 0.0036–0.0058), 0.0052 (range: 0.0032–0.0053) and 0.0044 (range: 0.0026–0.0047), respectively. The difference was statistically significant between male and female (t = 3.046, P = 0.002). R β of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 7.69, 1.00, 1.74 and 7.13, respectively. RTI of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 3.08, 1.00, 1.88 and 1.43, respectively. Transmissibility of HFMD is different between male and female individuals. Male cases seem to be more transmissible than female.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Organonitrofos Plus Fertilizer on Sweet Corn and Soil Chemical Properties of Ultisols

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
. Dermiyati ◽  
Setyo Dwi Utomo ◽  
Kuswanta Futas Hidayat ◽  
Jamalam Lumbanraja ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Difference

This study aimed to examine Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer (OP) on sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata L.) and its effect on changes in soil chemical properties of Ultisols. Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer is an enhancement of Organonitrofos fertilizer enriched with microbes at the beginning of the manufacturing process. Research was conducted in the greenhouse of Integrated Agricultural Laboratory of Lampung University. Treatment applied was a factorial of 4 × 2 × 3 with three replications in a randomized block design. The first factor was the dose of OP fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 Mg ha-1), the second factor was the dose of inorganic fertilizers (without inorganic fertilizers, and with inorganic fertilizers, namely Urea 0.44, 0.28 SP-36 and KCl 0.16 Mg ha-1), and the third factor was the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 Mg ha-1). By a single OP fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and the interaction between the OP and the inorganic fertilizers increased the weight of dry stover, cob length, cob diameter, cob with husk and cob without husk of corn. OP fertilizers which are applied in Ultisols can improve soil fertility and increase corn production so that OP fertilizer can lessen the use of inorganic fertilizer and can be used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer. RAE values were highest in treatment of O4K2B2 (30 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 10 Mg biochar ha-1) that was equal to 181%, followed by O2K2B3 (10 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 20 Mg biochar ha-1 ) with the difference in RAE value of 0.5%. [How to Cite: Dermiyati, SD  Utomo,  KF Hidayat, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono, NE  Ratna, NT Putri dan R Taisa. 2016. Pengujian Pupuk Organonitrofos Plus pada Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata. L) dan Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisols. J Trop Soils 21: 9-17 Doi: 10. 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.9]

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Sensitivity of Four Vegetable Crops to Soil Compaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Wolfe ◽  
Daniel T. Topoleski ◽  
Norman A. Gundersheim ◽  
Betsy A. Ingall
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Compacted Soil

A 3-year field study conducted on an Eel silt loam soil (Aquic Udifluvent) compared cabbage (Brussica oleracea L. capitata group), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) for their growth and yield response to an artificially compacted soil layer beginning at about the 10-cm depth. Slower growing cabbage seedlings in compacted plots were more subject to flea beetle damage than the uncompacted controls. Prolonged flooding after heavy rainfall events in compacted areas had a more adverse effect on cabbage and snap bean than on cucumber or sweet corn. Sweet corn showed almost no growth reduction in one of the three years (1993) when relatively high fertilizer rates were applied and leaf nitrogen deficiencies in compacted plots were prevented. Maturity of cabbage, snap bean, and cucumber was delayed, and the average reduction in total marketable yield in (direct-seeded) compacted plots was 73%, 49%, 41%, and 34% for cabbage, snap bean, cucumber and sweet corn, respectively. Yield reduction in transplanted cabbage (evaluated in 1993 only) was 29%. In a controlled environment greenhouse experiment using the same soil type and similar compaction treatment as the field study, compaction caused a reduction in total biomass production of 30% and 14% in snap bean and cabbage, respectively, while cucumber and sweet corn showed no significant response. The growth reductions of snap bean and cabbage in the greenhouse could not be attributed to compaction effects on soil water status, leaf turgor, nutrient deficiency, or net CO, assimilation rate of individual leaves. Root growth of sweet corn was least restricted by the compacted soil layer. The contrast between our field and greenhouse results indicates that the magnitude of yield response to compaction in the field was often associated with species sensitivity to secondary effects of compaction, such as prolonged flooding after rainfall events, reduced nutrient availability or uptake, and prolonged or more severe pest pressure.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Differences in Sugary × Sugary Enhancer Sweet Corn Hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Ordás ◽  
Rosa A. Malvar ◽  
Amando Ordás ◽  
Pedro Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
The Difference

Reciprocal effects in sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) have been only reported for sugar content and in a very limited number of hybrids and have not been determined for agronomic traits. By evaluating 34 sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids with reciprocals in three environments, the main objectives of this work were, for agronomic and quality traits, to determine the presence or absence of reciprocal differences in the sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids, to study the interest of using sugary inbreds as seed parents of the sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids, and to determine if reciprocal differences are interacting with different genetic backgrounds and different environments. For agronomic traits as emergence, early vigor, and silking date, significant (P ≤ 0.05) reciprocal differences were found in many of the sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids, but for quality traits, significant (P ≤ 0.05) reciprocal differences were only found in a few hybrids. The sugary lines as seed parents of the crosses tended to have on average a favorable effect on agronomic traits, but this was only considerable in some environmental conditions. The difference between the sugary and sugary enhancer lines as seed parent of the crosses was strongly influenced by the genetic background.

scholarly journals Flow Rate as a Major Physiological Factor Influencing Calcium Content on Six Commercial Cultivars of Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 687a-687
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Difference

Flow rate, Ca content, and Ca concentration of sieve sap were measured at four developmental stages (flowering and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after flowering) in six commercial snap bean cultivars to better understand physiological factors associated with genetic differences for pod Ca concentration. Sampling began 5 weeks after greenhouse planting and consisted of 1) decapitation of the plant at the first node; 2) covering the stem with preweighed dry cotton; and 3) removing the cotton, reweighing it, and saving it for Ca determination. Flow rate was defined as the difference in cotton weight (expressed as milliliter) per 12 hours. Ca determinations were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Calcium content was defined as milligram of Ca per total volume of sieve sap after 12 hours. Concentration of Ca was the quotient of Ca content by flow rate (expressed as milligrams Ca per milliliter sap). A positive correlation between flow rate and total Ca content of sieve sap (R2 = 0.83), flow rate and Ca concentration of sieve sap (R2 = 0.36), and Ca content and Ca concentration (R2 = 0.80) were found. Maturity appeared to be an important factor affecting flow rate and Ca influx in snap bean plants. Significant differences between genotypes for Ca content and flow rate were observed. High Ca genotypes reflected a high flow rate regardless developmental stage.

scholarly journals Clinical Statistical Analysis with Comparison between Pelvic and Non-pelvic Chondrosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e271-e271
Author(s):  
Sayed Abdulla Jami1, ◽  
Shi Jiandang ◽  
Brotendu Shekhar Roy ◽  
Zhanwen Zhou ◽  
Liu Chang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Local Recurrence Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Early Local Recurrence ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: Chondrosarcomas are rare tumors with a variable biological characteristic. Their treatment clinically and surgically is controversial. Analysis of the clinical statistics and prognostic factors of pelvic chondrosarcoma provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A total of 73 cases of chondrosarcoma were collected, including 24 pelvic samples, from 2008 to 2017 from the hospital database and divided into two groups: pelvic chondrosarcoma and non-pelvic chondrosarcoma. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pelvic chondrosarcoma were analyzed using different statistical methods. Results: Among the 24 pelvic chondrosarcoma patients, the ratio of male to female was 1.4:1, and the median age was 43.5 years. According to the classification proposed by Enneking, there were five grade I, 14 grade II, and five grade III. Histological grading of chondrosarcoma was grade I in one case, II in 15 cases, and III in eight cases. The histological type was 17 conventional, three dedifferentiated, two secondary, one myxoid, and one mesenchymal. The overall survival rates for 24 cases at three, five, and 10 years were 82.2±8.1%, 77.3±8.9%, and 52.4±12.1%, respectively. The local recurrence rate of pelvic chondrosarcoma after surgical resection (83.3%) was significantly higher than that of other sites (34.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The final proportion of amputation rate (50.0%) was also higher than other parts (20.4%), with a statistically significant difference (p =0.010). The total survival of the two groups was not significantly different (p =0.216). Conclusions: Chondrosarcoma of bone generally has an excellent prognosis when optimally diagnosed and treated by an experienced team of specialists. Pelvic chondrosarcoma has a higher local recurrence rate than the other sites and tends to result in amputation. Early local recurrence after surgery indicates a poor prognosis.

Comparison of Phenobarbital versus Magnesium Sulphate for Management of Neonate with Birth Asphyxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2145-2147
Author(s):  
Lubna Riaz ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Neelam Faryad ◽  
Shazia Iram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Breathing Effort ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Poor breathing effort results in decrease oxygen supply to brain and other organs that lead to birth asphyxia. Phenobarbital and magnesium sulphate are both neuroprotective to asphyxia! injury to brain. Objective: To compare the frequency of neonatal mortality with phenobarbital versus magnesium sulphate in the management of birth asphyxia Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, from 8th March 2020 to 8th September 2020. Methodology: One hundred and two neonates were enrolled. After taking informed consent from parents their demographic data was obtained. Then patients were divided in to two groups; group A treated with Phenobarbital and other group B treated with magnesium sulphate. Results: The mean age of group A neonates was 54.37+14.303 days and in group B 48.40+15.20 days with male to female ratio was 0.7:1. Adverse outcome occurred in 12 (11.54%) patients. Statistically insignificant difference (P=0.122) was found between groups. Conclusion: There is more adverse effects outcome with magnesium sulphate than phenobarbital however the difference was statistically insignificant for management of neonates with birth asphyxia. Keywords: Birth asphyxia, Neonates, Magnesium sulphate (MgS04), Phenobarbital

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