scholarly journals Presowing Seed Treatments to Enhance Supersweet Sweet Corn Seed and Seedling Quality

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Poor emergence and low seedling vigor are characteristics of many supersweet sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars carrying the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene. Four sh2 sweet corn cultivar seeds [`How Sweet It Is' (HSII), `Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711), `Sweet Belle' (SB), and `Dazzle' (DZ)] were solid-matrix-primed (SMP), SMP with sodium hypochlorite (SMPcl), treated with a fungicide combination (F) (Imazalil + Captan + Apron + Thiram), or primed with the aforementioned fungicides (SMPf). The seed treatments were tested in the laboratory and the field. Seed imbibition and leachate electrical conductivity were lower in SMP seeds than in nonprimed seeds. In the field, emergence percentage and rate of CNS-711 and SB (high-vigor seeds) were not improved by the seed treatments compared to the nontreated seeds. Emergence percentage and rate of HSII and DZ (considered low-vigor seeds) were improved as a result of SMPcl, SMPf, or F treatments compared to nonprimed seeds. Compared to the F treatment, the SMPcl presowing treatment increased DZ seedling emergence rate and percentage. The combined SMP and seed disinfection via NaOCl seems to be a promising fungicide seed-treatment substitute that improves the stand establishment and seedling vigor of sh2 sweet corn cultivars. Chemical names used: 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1 H imidazole (Imazalil); N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide(Captan); N- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)- N -(methoxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (Apron); tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram).

scholarly journals FIELD PERFORMANCE OF BIO-PRIMING FOR PROTECTION OF sh2 SWEET CORN FROM PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF CAUSED BY PYTHIUM ULTIMUM.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110f-1110
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Callan ◽  
James B. Miller ◽  
Don E. Mathre
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Bacterization

Shrunken-2 supersweet (sh2) sweet corn is susceptible to preemergence damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum, especially when planted into cold soil. Bio-priming, a seed treatment which combines the establishment of a bioprotectant on the seed with preplant seed hydration, was developed to protect seeds from damping-off.In a series of field experiments conducted in Montana's Bitterroot and Gallatin Valleys, bio-priming or seed bacterization with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254 protected sweet corn from P. ultimum damping-off. Bio-priming corn seed with P. fluorescens AB254 was comparable to treatment with the fungicide metalaxyl in increasing seedling emergence. Seedlings from bio-primed seeds emerged from the soil more rapidly than from nontreated seeds and were larger at three weeks postplanting. Seeds of sh 2 and sugary enhancer (se) sweet corn, as well as that of several sh 2 cultivars, were protected from damping-off by bio-priming.

scholarly journals Rates of Seed Treatment Insecticides and Control of Stewart's Wilt in Sweet Corn

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
P. M. Michener ◽  
N. D. Freeman ◽  
J. M. Whalen ◽  
J. A. Hawk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Stewart's Wilt ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Neonicotinoid insecticides applied as seed treatments reduce the incidence of Stewart's wilt. The objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of different rates of seed treatment insecticides to control Stewart's wilt on susceptible sweet corn hybrids and to compare the economic value of Stewart's wilt control in sweet corn grown for processing and fresh market. Clothianidin (Poncho), imidacloprid (Gaucho), and thiamethoxam (Cruiser) applied to seed at rates ranging from 0.125 to 1.25 mg a.i. per kernel were evaluated in 11 field trials in Illinois and Delaware from 2000 to 2003. Incidence of Stewart's wilt was significantly lower when seed was treated with insecticides than when plants were grown from nontreated seed in all but one trial. The level of control usually was between 50 and 90%. Small but statistically significant differences in incidence of systemically infected plants occurred among rates of insecticides in all trials except those in 2001. Usually, incidence of systemic Stewart's wilt was lower when higher rates of insecticides were applied; however, increasing the rate of insecticides from 0.125 mg a.i. to 1.25 mg a.i. per kernel had a relatively small effect on the level of Stewart's wilt control compared with the difference between treated and nontreated sweet corn seed. Based on a regression analysis, the lowest rates of the insecticides provided 64 to 72% control. The level of control increased about 1.85% with each additional 0.1 mg a.i. of insecticide per kernel from 0.125 mg a.i. to 1.25 mg a.i. Clothianidin provided an 8 or 9% higher level of control than thiamethoxam or imidacloprid at the same rate. Recommendations for application of seed treatment insecticides to processing and fresh market sweet corn differed somewhat due to substantial differences in the value of the crops. Based on estimated costs of $6 to $12 per 0.4 ha for the seed treatments, the economic break even point (i.e., cost of control = value from control) occurred in the range of 3 to 6% Stewart's wilt incidence for processing sweet corn valued at $325 per 0.4 ha and at about 1% Stewart's wilt incidence for fresh market sweet corn valued at $1,625 per 0.4 ha. Relatively small differences in levels of control conferred by commercially available rates of clothianidin (0.25 mg a.i. per kernel) and thiamethoxam (0.125 mg a.i. per kernel) were of little consequence in processing sweet corn but had considerable economic value in fresh market sweet corn.

scholarly journals Enhanced Emergence and Seedling Vigor in shrunken-2 Sweet Corn via Seed Disinfection and Solid Matrix Priming

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Presowing seed treatments were devised to improve emergence and crop uniformity of two sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars [`Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711) and `How Sweet It Is' (HSII)] that carry shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. The treatments included a fungicide combination, sodium hypochlorite (SH), solid matrix priming (SMP), and SMP combined with SH during treatment (SMPSH). Seed germination was tested in a laboratory cold test. Emergence percentage, emergence rate index (ERI), and seedling dry weight were calculated from field trials. CNS-711, in the cold test and field trials, had a higher germination rate, ERI, final emergence, and seedling dry weight than HSII. In both cultivars, SMPSH significantly improved germination in the cold test and final emergence and ERI in the field trials for HSII compared to nontreated seeds. There was no significant difference between the fungicide and SMPSH treatments regardless of cultivar. These results suggest that the combination of SMP and disinfection with SH can be an alternative seed treatment to fungicides to improve uniformity and stand establishment in sh2 sweet corns.

SELECTION FOR IMPROVED SEEDLING VIGOR IN RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. BERDAHL ◽  
R. E. BARKER
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Selection For

Seedling emergence of 30 open-pollinated progeny lines of Russian wild ryegrass (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski. Syn: Elymus junceus Fisch.) ranging in seed weight from 2.1 to 4.5 mg/seed was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse tests and compared to stand establishment capability in the field. Increases in emergence percentage and coleoptile length associated with increased seed weight diminished when seed weights of parents increased beyond 3.0 mg/seed. Emergence in two field environments was correlated with emergence from a 5-cm planting depth in the greenhouse (r = 0.70** and 0.71** for field tests 1 and 2, respectively) and with coleoptile length (r = 0.51** and 0.64**), but not with emergence under laboratory-induced drought stress of −1.1 MPa matric potential (r = −0.05 and 0.13). Experimental error was high for measurements of forage yields in the establishment year (CV = 38% and 36% for field tests 1 and 2, respectively), and resources required to obtain reliable yields would limit testing to a small number of entries. Preliminary screening of a Russian wild ryegrass population for improved seedling vigor could be accomplished by first eliminating plants with small seed size by visual assessment of seed samples. This could then be followed by selection for increased coleoptile length among progeny lines from those plants with medium or large seed.Key words: Russian wild ryegrass, seedling vigor, stand establishment, seed weight, coleoptile length

scholarly journals Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 521-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Sharma ◽  
U.S. Singh ◽  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Lalan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Future Work

Seed treatment refers to the application of certain agents physical, chemical or biological to the seed prior to sowing in order to suppress, control or repel pathogens, insects and other pests that attack seeds, seedlings or plants and it ranges from a basic dressing to coating and pelleting. Introduction and ban of arsenic (used from 1740 until 1808) is the key milestones in the history of modern seed treatment till then a continuous research and advancement in this technology is going on. The technological advancement prepared a roadmap for refiningexisting seed treatment technologies and future work on technologies like fluid drilling as a way to sow germinated seeds where gel can also serve as a delivery system for other materials, seed priming advances the early phase of germination without redicle emergence. Another advanced technology, solid matrix priming (SMP) has been evaluated as a means to advances the germination of seeds and serve as a carrier for useful material too. Physical and biological seed treatments alone an alternative to chemicals or in combination with a chemical treatment are being used worldwide because of their environmental safety and socioeconomic aspects. Biological seed treatments are expected to be one of the fastest growing seed treatment sectors in the near future, in part because they are easier to register at Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Lack of awareness to seed treatments at farmer’s level is one of the limiting factors in disease management and hence, efforts should be made at farmer’s level to adopt the technology. Keeping the all above facts in mind, selected seed treatment technologies with their improvement and significance will be discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Solid Matrix Chemo-priming in Okra

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Conway ◽  
R. Mereddy ◽  
B. A. Kahn ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
S. W. Hallgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Emergence And Reduction

Two field trials at Stillwater and Bixby, OK, evaluated the efficacy of solid matrix priming techniques, alone or in combination with fungicide seed treatment on seedling emergence and reduction of damping-off of okra in field soil naturally infested with Pythium ultimum. The following treatments were evaluated: thiram + carboxin (chemo-primed) (commercially applied), biological seed treatment (bio-primed) (Trichoderma harzianum isolate OK-110, 1 g suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]), untreated seed (control), and a 1% CMC control. Chemo-primed seeds had a more uniform and faster emergence compared with untreated seeds at both field sites. Within 3 days, 92 and 78% of chemo-primed seeds had emerged at Stillwater and Bixby, respectively, compared with 84 and 71% emergence in the untreated control. Mean emergence of chemo-primed seeds was lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the untreated control. Chemo-primed seeds had greater vigor (P≤ 0.05) at both locations compared with either fungicide-treated or priming alone, at both locations. There were no differences (P ≤ 0.05) in yield among treatments at both locations. P. ultimum was consistently isolated from damped-off seedlings and surrounding soil at both locations. Isolates of P. ultimum were more pathogenic on okra in laboratory tests than isolates of Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp., and other Pythium spp. also isolated from seed or soil.

scholarly journals Assessment of the physiological potential of super sweet corn seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Oliveira Alvarenga ◽  
Julio Marcos-Filho ◽  
Tathiana Silva Timóteo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Seedling Length

The assessment of physiological potential is essential in seed quality control programs. This study compared the sensitivity of different procedures for evaluating super sweet corn seed vigor, focusing on the primary root protrusion test. Six seed lots, each of the SWB 551 and SWB 585 hybrids, were used. Seed physiological potential was evaluated by germination and vigor tests (speed of germination, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging, cold test, seedling length, seedling emergence and primary root protrusion). Primary root protrusion was evaluated every 12 hours at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C using two criteria (primary root protrusion and seedlings at the 2 mm root stage). It was concluded that the primary root protrusion test at 15 °C can evaluate super sweet corn seed vigor by counting the number of seedlings at the 2 mm root stage.

scholarly journals Field Performance of Sweet Corn Seed Bio-primed and Coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Callan ◽  
Don E. Mathre ◽  
James B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Degree Of Protection

In field experiments, bio-priming and coating with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254 consistently protected sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seeds from preemergence damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum Trow. The bio-priming seed treatment was evaluated under various disease pressures and with seeds of three sweet corn genotypes: shrunken-2 supersweet (sh-2), sugary enhancer (se), and sugary (su). While no damping-off occurred in the su sweet corn, bio-priming protected sh-2 and se sweet corn seeds at a level equivalent to that obtained by treatment with the fungicide metalaxyl. Biopriming increased seedling height of all three sweet corn genotypes at 4 weeks post-planting. Coating of sweet corn seeds with P. fluorescens AB254 provided an equivalent degree of protection from damping-off under all but the most severe conditions.

scholarly journals Germination of sh2 Sweet Corn following Seed Disinfestation, Solid-matrix Priming, and Microbial Seed Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1400-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
J. Caprile
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Fungicide Treatment

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars carrying the sh2 mutation show poor seed vigor under stressful field conditions, requiring higher seeding rates to ensure stand establishment. The effects of sodium hypochlorite seed disinfestation, solid matrix priming (SMP), and seed-coating with Gliocladium virens Miller, Giddens & Foster to enhance emergence of sh2 sweet corn in controlled-environment cold stress tests and field trials were investigated. In combination with a chemical fungicide seed treatment (captan, thiram, imazalil, and metalaxyl), SMP significantly improved the percentage and rate of seedling emergence of `Excel' and `Supersweet Jubilee' in a cold stress test (in soil for 7 days at 10C, then 15C until emergence) but was inconsistent under field conditions, improving emergence in only one of four field trials. Sodium hypochlorite disinfestation was ineffective. Compared to a film-coated control, coating seeds with G. virens strain G-6 was highly effective in increasing emergence in two of three cultivars tested in cold stress tests in two soils, while strain G-4 was generally ineffective. In field trials, G-6 treatment significantly increased emergence over that of nontreated seed but was inferior to conventional fungicide treatment and conferred no additional benefit in combination with fungicide treatment. Overall, no seed treatment evaluated was an economically viable alternative for or supplement to chemical fungicide treatment. Chemical names used: cis-N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan); tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide (thiram); 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (imazalil); N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl).

Response of Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Endosperm Mutants to Chloracetamide and Thiocarbamate Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Stanley F. Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Endosperm Mutants ◽  
Commercially Important

Cold stress and field studies were conducted to determine the effects of alachlor, metolachlor, butylate plus dichlormid, and EPTC plus dichlormid on germination and seedling vigor of 30 sweet corn cultivars with three commercially important endosperm mutants (su, se, andsh2). Seedling emergence from cool soils was best when treated with EPTC plus dichlormid and alachlor and was decreased 11% by metolachlor and butylate plus dichlormid. Theseandsh2endosperm mutants were injured the most by the herbicides. Plant size was reduced by the thiocarbamate herbicides but not by the chloracetamides.

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