scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Composts Derived from Waxed Corrugated Cardboard and Other Organic Wastes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 891G-892
Author(s):  
D.A. Raymond ◽  
R.P. Voroney ◽  
C. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Windrow Composting

Composting of organic wastes to use as soil amendments or in potting substrates offers great potential for diversion of these wastes from landfills. The chemical and physical characteristics of 12 composts containing (by volume) spent mushroom substrate (50%), waste waxed corrugated cardboard (WCC, 0%, 25% or 50%), and/or pulverized wood wastes (PWW, 50%, 25%, or 0%) were measured during two separate windrow composting periods (14 to 18 weeks). Supplemental N was added to some of the composts in the form of poultry manure and/or soybean processing wastes. During the first 8 to 10 weeks, composts containing 50% WCC tended to reach and maintain higher temperatures, but subsequently cooled more rapidly. Microbial activity (CO2 evolution) also was initially higher in these composts but fell by week 12 to levels, comparable to composts containing 50% PWW. The paraffin wax in WCC-containing composts was degraded almost completely (>95%). Total N (1.2% to 1.6% DW), P (0.30% to 0.55%), and K (0.9% to 1.2%) concentrations were within, typical ranges but highest in composts containing 50% WCC. KCI-extractable NH4-N (494 mg N/kg) and NO3 + NO2-N (281 mg N/kg) were highest and lowest, respectively, in composts containing 50% WCC. Electrical conductivity (4.5 to 8.5 mS·cm–1) and pH (7.5 to 8.5) were high in all composts and highest in composts with 50% WCC. Concentrations of phenolic compounds were highest in composts containing 50% WCC, manure, and soybean wastes. C:N ratios of all composts were within an acceptable range (18 to 23.1).

scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Dean ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko ◽  
J. W. Paul ◽  
K. Chipperfield
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
History Of ◽  
N Management

This study examined the effects of solid poultry layer manure addition on soil N processes and on dry matter and N accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). In trials conducted in two years, approximately 50% of the 400 kg total N ha−1 applied as manure was recovered as soil inorganic N 1 mo after manure application when manure was incorporated within 4 h of application. Three trials were conducted in two commercial raspberry fields: one with no history of manure use and one other with a history of heavy annual applications of poultry manure. Treatments included 55 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3, 100 or 200 kg total N ha−1 as manure, and a control that received no manure or fertilizer N. Soil inorganic N to 60 cm depth was measured throughout the growing season. Berry yield was estimated, and dry matter and N accumulation was determined in floricanes at first berry ripening and in primocanes at the end of the growing season. Few significant effects of N fertilization were measured for any crop yield, growth or N accumulation parameter. This was attributed to the large (>150 kg N ha−1) supply of N to the crop in the unamended soil, primarily from soil N mineralization. Dry matter accumulation in the fruiting clusters was strongly correlated to estimated berry yield, and may provide a simple means for assessing relative yield within experiments. Soil nitrate measured in August after berry harvest may serve as a "report card" to assess N management in the current growing season, to refine fertilizer N management for subsequent growing seasons, and as an index of the risk of nitrate leaching over the following fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. Key words: Nitrogen mineralization, nitrate leaching, manure N availability, Rubus idaeus

Assessment of Household Waste, Poultry Manure and Cowdung in Rice Cultivation

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Randomized Design

The pot experiment was carried out to quantify the effect of different organic wastes in rice yield and to determine the effect on soil fertility. The experiment was laid down in a complete randomized design taking 11 treatments with three replicates. The applied treatments were; (1) Control, (2) Recommended doses of NPK, (3) HW 10%, (4) HW 20%, (5) HW 30%, (6) PM 10%, (7) PM 20%, (8) PM: 30%, (9) CD 10%, (10) CD 20% and (11) CD 30%. Application of 30% household waste produced the significantly higher grain yield (58.94 g pot-1) even over the recommended doses of N, P and K (p≤0.05). The maximum sustainable yield index (SYI) was found 0.91 when 10% poultry manure and 30% cow dung were applied. But the SYI was 0.67 when 30% HW was applied. However, before approaching to a conclusion on SYI, it demands a long time field experiment using these organic wastes. Nutrient concentrations in rice crop/grains were not affected by the application of organic wastes, except P content in grain. The concentrations of N, P and K in rice grain varied 1.79 - 2.12, 0.14 - 0.21, and 1.44-1.99%, respectively. A significant nonlinear relationship was found between grain yield and N, P and K uptake individually. Post harvest chemical analysis of pot soil indicated that OM, N and P contents in soils significantly increased over the control which indicated the enhancement of soil fertility with the application of different organic wastes. The highest application rates of organic wastes attributed to maximum accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen in soil. Keywords: Household waste; poultry manure; cowdung; rice; nutrient uptake DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7585 The Agriculturists 8(2): 117-125 (2010)  

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Under Continuous Farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Izzah Abd Hamid ◽  
Wan Asrina Wan Yahaya ◽  
Norziana Zin Zawawi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Crop Uptake

Cultivating a land without proper crop management may lead to diminished organic carbon. Thus, this study assesses the effects of long-term farming (2014 to 2018) on soil OC. This study was conducted in Share Farm II, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus on a selected area that practiced crop rotation. Soil samples have been collected according to grid sampling techniques by beds row and inter-row, and are analysed for soil pH, OM, TOC, and total N. The results show a trend in the alleviation of soil acidity with 2018 > 2016 > 2014, however, there is a diminished of TOC as the year of cultivation increases from 3.42% to 1.87%. The results show insufficient crop residue that returns to the soil system which has been subjected to flash flood and poultry manure application. In return, C retention ability was reduced, which further limit OM capability to supply nutrients upon decomposition. The correlation analysis has revealed that different types of crop residue such as grass clippings that have been applied in 2016 may be another reason for the insufficient N availability (0.44%). Therefore, the quantity and quality of residues may affect the decomposition rate and provide a lower C/N ratio, which significantly affects the soil pH, total N, and other nutrients that are essential for crop uptake. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 175-181,  August 2020

Kajian Kualitas Tanah pada Lahan Gambut Terbakar di Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Rinto Manurung ◽  
Rossie Wiedya Nusantara ◽  
Ismahan Umran ◽  
W. Warganda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

Kebakaran lahan gambut menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan sifat fisika, kimia dan biologi tanah gambut sehingga secara otomatis mempengaruhi kualitas tanah yang dinyatakan dengan Indeks Kualitas Tanah (IKT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan indeks kualitas tanah dan faktor penentunya pada lahan gambut terbakar (GT) dan tidak terbakar (GTT). Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Bansir Darat Kecamatan Pontianak Tenggara Kota Pontianak pada GTT  dan GT. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah pada masing-masing lahan, pengamatan dan pengukuran kedalaman gambut, ketebalan lapisan gambut dan kematangan gambut serta perhitungan jumlah cacing. Analisis sifat fisika tanah meliputi bobot isi, kadar air kapasitas lapang, porositas total; sifat kimia tanah terdiri dari reaksi tanah (pH), karbon organik (C-organik), Nitrogen total (N-total), rasio CN, posfor tersedia (P-tersedia), natrium, kalium, kalsium dan magnesium dapat dipertukarkan (Na-dd, K-dd, Ca-dd dan Mg-dd), kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kejenuhan basa (KB), kadar abu; dan jumlah cacing tanah untuk sifat biologi tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan GT dengan kematangan saprik memiliki kedalaman gambut lebih dangkal dibandingkan GTT dengan kematangan hemik. Kadar air dan porositas pada GT juga lebih rendah dibandingkan GTT. Kation basa GT lebih tinggi dibandingkan GTT meskipun kriteria keduanya sangat rendah. Parameter penentu kualitas tanah yaitu C-organik, CN rasio, N-total, P-tersedia, kalsium, natrium, kalium, kejenuhan basa, bobot isi, kadar air dan porositas. Kedua lahan memiliki kriteria IKT rendah namun GT memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi (0,34) daripada GTT (0,27). Meskipun nilai IKT pada GT lebih tinggi, banyak dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari pembakaran lahan gambut. Karena itu pemerintah melarang pembakaran lahan dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan-kebijakan tentang pelarangan pembakaran hutan dan lahan gambut.AbstractPeatland fires cause changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the peat soil. It automatically affects the quality of the soil as stated by the Soil Quality Index (IKT). The purpose of this study was to determine the soil quality index and its determinants in burnt (GT) and unburnt (GTT) peatlands. The research was conducted in Bansir Darat Village, Southeast Pontianak District, Pontianak City on GT and GTT. The research stages included taking soil samples from each land, observing and measuring the depth of the peat, the thickness of the peat layer, the maturity of the peat and counting the number of worms as well. Analysis of soil physical characteristics including bulk density, moisture content of field capacity, total porosity; soil chemistry consists of C-organic, total nitrogen (N-total), CN ratio, available phosphorus (P-available), exchangeable sodium (Na-dd), potassium (K-dd), calcium-dd (Ca-dd)dan magnesium (Mg-dd), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (KB), content of ash; and the number of earth worms for soil biology property. The results showed that the physical characteristics of peat on GT had a shallower peat depth with sapric compared to GTT with hemic. The water content and porosity on GT are lower than GTT as well. The base cation of GT is higher than GTT even though the criteria for both are very low. The determinants of soil quality were C-organic, CN ratio, N-total, P-available, calcium, sodium, potassium, base saturation, content weight, moisture content and porosity. The Soil Quality Index of both lands have low criteria but GT has a higher value (0.34) than GTT (0.27). Even though the IKT value in GT is higher, there are many negative impacts caused by burning peatlands. Therefore, the government forbids burning of land by issuing policies to prohibit the burning of forests and peatlands.

scholarly journals Recycling of Different Available Organic Wastes through Vermicomposting

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karmakar ◽  
K. Brahmachari ◽  
A. Gangopadhyay ◽  
S. R. Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Perionyx Excavatus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Coconut Coir

Generation of organic wastes has been increased in an unprecedented rate in India with rapid population expansion, leading to disposal problems. These organic wastes can be converted into valuable wealth by applying vermicomposting technology. Vermicompost which provides macro and micro nutrients to the plants, also reduces pollution by providing a valuable substitute for chemical fertilizers. Present paper deals with vermicomposting of organic wastes from seven different sources and evaluation of nutrient in those vermicomposts following chemical analyses. These seven sources include coconut coir, water hyacinth, mixed materials, cabbage, banana pseudostem, cow dung, and rice husk. Three composting species of earthworms e.g.Eisenia. fetida, Eudrilus. eugeniae, andPerionyx excavatuswere chosen for the experiment. Chemical analysis of vermicomposts under study clearly showed that the vermicompost from water hyacinth contained maximum amount of organic C, total N, and total K though the phosphorous content was maximum in vermicompost from mixed materials. Lowest nutrient content was observed in vermicompost of coconut coir. Vermicomposts from mixed materials, cabbage, banana pseudostem were at per in their chemical properties. It can be concluded that among the seven sources, vermicompost from water hyacinth is best for its nutrient value.

Corrugated cardboard and dried poultry manure as dietary ingredients for sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Razzaque ◽  
A. Al-Nasser ◽  
A.J. Salman ◽  
A.O. Aderibigbe ◽  
D.C. Church
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard
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