CATION NUTRITION OF BARLEY AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL SOLUTION COMPOSITION IN A SALINE SOIL

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN ◽  
C. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

Identification of nutritional disorders in crops growing on saline soils may facilitate the development of breeding or agronomic practices that improve yields in saline areas. An investigation was conducted under controlled environment conditions to identify possible cation deficiencies in barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Gait') grown under sulfate-dominated salinity stress. Soil was artificially salinized to produce a factorial of five salinity levels (ranging from approximately 6.5 to 17.5 dS m−1) and five salt types containing various ratios of Na:Mg:Ca. A control treatment (3.1 dS m−1) was also included. Barley was grown for 75 d and harvested for analysis of dry matter yield and tissue composition. Yield response of barley to salinity stress was not differentially affected by the type of salt used in salinization. Concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the plant tissue were generally increased by salinity stress, but these accumulations did not restrict yield since no consistent relationship was found between the concentrations of these cations and barley yield. Potassium concentration in the plants was inversely related to level of soil salinity, apparently because of an antagonistic effect of sodium, but was not consistently related to barley dry matter yield. Calcium uptake was also suppressed by soil salinity. In contrast to the results observed for other cations, a very strong relationship indicative of a yield response curve was observed between yield and calcium concentration in the plant tissue, particularly when the latter was expressed as a ratio of total cation concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, calcium concentration in the plant tissue and estimated calcium activity in the soil solution in highly salinized treatments were well below those considered adequate. These results suggest that calcium deficiency may have played an important role in restricting yield under salinity stress. The apparent calcium deficiency induced by salinity stress was attributed to reduced activity of calcium in the soil solution because of precipitation with sulfate and high ionic strength. Key words: Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, salinity

Plant availability of Zn fractions in Saskatchewan soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liang ◽  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
J. W. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Navy Beans

Two growth chamber experiments were conducted to assess the plant availability of Zn fractions in nine Saskatchewan soils. In one experiment, two rates of Zn (0, and 5 mg kg−1) were applied to navy beans grown on seven soils ranging in pH from 6.2 to 7.8. Most of the applied Zn was recovered in Pb-displaceable and Mn oxide associated fractions after a 7-d incubation. Growth of navy bean plants was normal in all soils and treatments. Dry matter yield did not respond to Zn application. The positive correlations between amounts of Zn in exchangeable, Pb-displaceable and acetic acid soluble fractions and plant uptake indicated the importance of these Zn fractions in influencing availability of Zn. The DTPA soil test was not a successful method for prairie soils with diverse soil properties on the basis of correlations. In the second experiment, three rates of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg kg−1) were applied to alfalfa grown on two soils with pH of 5.5 and 7.9. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa grown on the calcareous soil was increased significantly by Zn application. No yield response to added Zn was observed in the acidic soil. In both soils, applied Zn increased the Zn concentration and total Zn uptake of alfalfa significantly over the control treatment. Changes in the distribution of applied and native Zn in different fractions before seeding and at second harvest suggest that Zn taken up by plants in the calcareous soil was from exchangeable, acid soluble and possibly residual Zn. Zinc uptake by plants grown on the acid soil was from exchangeable, Pb-displaceable, acid soluble and possibly from Mn oxide associated fractions. Key words: Zn fractions, plant availability, navy beans, alfalfa, pH

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440
Author(s):  
N. M. Abood ◽  
E. M. SHALAL ◽  
M. I. HAMDAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three cultivars (Mabrouk, Buhooth 70 and Giza 113). The results showed in both seasons significant interaction between cultivars and growth inhibitors in most of the studied traits. The plants of the variety Giza 113 sprayed with Ethiphon recorded the lowest period of reaching physiological maturity, the highest average dry matter yield, and the highest weight of 1000 grains (89.00 days, 17.32 ton ha-1, and 39.33 gm) respectively. The same variety recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in the leaves and the highest grain yield due to the effect of Mebiquat (49.50 spad, 3.93 ton ha-1. The cultivar Buhooth 70 with the effect of Cycocel achieved the highest average of dry matter yield of 33.27 ton ha-1.

The effects of frequency of defoliation on the yield response of a perennial ryegrass sward to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cutting Frequency

SummaryIn a 3-year experiment on a sward of S. 23 perennial ryegrass 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer ranging from 0 to 897 kg/ha were applied annually on plots cut three, five or ten times per year. The cutting dates within each frequency were decided on the basis of herbage growth stage. Four-parameter exponential curves fitted to the herbage yield data show that the pattern of response to nitrogen application in the five cuts per year treatment was markedly similar to that reported for a previous experiment (Reid, 1970). Alterations in the cutting frequency affected the pattern of dry-matter yield response to nitrogen, but not that of crude-protein yield response. The combined effects of cutting frequency and nitrogen rate are illustrated by response surfaces fitted to the dry-matter yield results using an extension of the equation for the curves fitted to the individual frequency results. These surfaces show that as the number of cuts per year was increased the total yield and the response to nitrogen decreased, but the response was maintained to an increasingly high nitrogen rate. The practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to intensive grazing managements for dairy cows.

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

scholarly journals Nitrogen supply to arugula from pig slurry composts in contrasting soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Luanna C Monteiro ◽  
Celso Aita ◽  
Janquieli Schirmann ◽  
Stefen B Pujol ◽  
Ana Paula Mezzalira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Loam Soil

ABSTRACT This study was developed to evaluate nitrogen (N) supply to arugula from composts produced by automated composting of pig slurry (PS). During the composting process, retorted oil shale (ROS) and dicyandiamide (DCD) were added to PS to mitigate gaseous N losses. The study was developed in a greenhouse where four treatments were evaluated, three with compost addition (PS compost, PS compost + ROS, and PS compost + ROS + DCD) and one without compost (control) in two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy-loam). The best result was obtained with the compost without additives (PS compost), which increased the arugula dry matter yield 2.2 times in clayey soil and 6.1 times in sandy-loam soil compared to the control treatment. The presence of ROS in composts reduced arugula dry matter yield in 27% in clayey soil and 35% in sandy-loam, while DCD did not affect arugula dry matter yield. The results of this study show that the addition of ROS to PS during composting reduces N supply to arugula, both in the immediate (first cut) and residual effect (second cut).

scholarly journals Leonardites Rich in Humic and Fulvic Acids Had Little Effect on Tissue Elemental Composition and Dry Matter Yield in Pot-Grown Olive Cuttings

Soil Systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Margarida Arrobas ◽  
Surian Fernanda de Almeida ◽  
Soraia Raimundo ◽  
Lucas da Silva Domingues ◽  
Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic Compost

The use of humic substances in agriculture has increased in recent years, and leonardite has been an important raw material in the manufacture of commercial products rich in humic and fulvic acids. Leonardite-based products have been used to improve soil properties and to help plants cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of two commercial leonardites and an organic compost, in addition to a control treatment, were assessed for pot-grown olive plants over a period of fourteen months on soil properties, tissue elemental composition and dry matter yield (DMY). Three organic amendments were applied at single and double rates of that set by the manufacturer. The study was arranged in two experiments: one containing the seven treatments mentioned above and the other containing the same treatments supplemented with mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization. Overall, organic compost increased soil organic carbon by ~8% over the control. In the experiment without NPK supplementation, N concentrations in shoots and P in roots were the highest for the compost application (leaf N 12% and root P 32% higher than in the control), while in the experiment with NPK supplementation, no significant differences were observed between treatments. Total DMY was ~10% higher in the set of treatments with NPK in comparison to treatments without NPK. Leonardites did not affect significantly any measured variables in comparison to the control. In this study, a good management of the majority of environmental variables affecting plant growth may have reduced the possibility of obtaining a positive effect on plant nutritional status and growth from the use of commercial leonardites. The leonardites seemed to have caused a slight effect on biological N immobilization. This is not necessarily an advantage or a drawback; it is rather a feature that must be understood to help farmers make better use of these products.

scholarly journals White lupine yield under different sowing densities and row spacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio L. Santi ◽  
Geomar M. Corassa ◽  
Ronei Gaviraghi ◽  
Thomas N. Martin ◽  
Mateus B. Bisognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate different sowing densities and row spacings on grain yield and biomass in the white lupine crop, cv. ‘Comum’. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four row spacings (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) and four sowing densities in the row (10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-1), with four replicates. The evaluated variables were: grain yield, hundred-grain weight, fresh and dry matter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant tissue. The highest grain yield was obtained with row spacing of 20 cm, regardless of plant density. The density of 25 plants m-1 and row spacing of 20 cm increased the fresh and dry matter yield. The adjustment of plant density and row spacing did not affect the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant tissue.

scholarly journals POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI, DAN KANDUNGAN ANDROGRAFOLID PADA TANAMAN SAMBILOTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSMAINI GUSMAINI ◽  
SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ ◽  
ABDUL MUNIF ◽  
DIDY SOPANDIE ◽  
NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Bakteri endofit hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman yang sehat dan<br />berperan antara lain di dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman dengan<br />menghasilkan senyawa-senyawa zat pengatur tumbuh, seperti IAA, GA 3 ,<br />dan Sitokinin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi potensi bakteri<br />endofit dalam  meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kadar<br />andrografolid pada tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca<br />Balittro Cimanggu Bogor pada Oktober 2011–Mei 2012. Perlakuan<br />disusun mengikuti Rancangan Acak Kelompok, enam perlakuan dan<br />empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (1) kontrol, dan perlakuan bakteri<br />endofit yaitu (2) 20BB, (3) 5MD, (4) 20BD, (5) 20CD (perlakuan 2-5<br />masing-masing terdiri dari 4 jenis isolat), dan (6) 90AA (isolat tunggal).<br />Suspensi bakteri endofit (50 ml/tanaman) diberikan 4 kali yaitu pada<br />minggu ke 3, 5, 7, dan 9 setelah tanam dengan konsentrasi 10 10 spk/ml.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit berpengaruh postif<br />dan nyata dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi herba segar dan<br />kering serta andrografolid pada tanaman sambiloto lebih baik<br />dibandingkan kontrol. Peningkatan pertumbuhan tertinggi ditunjukkan<br />pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang primer yaitu masing-masing<br />24,7% (20 CD) dan 42,2% (20 BB). Produksi herba kering meningkat 25-<br />82,81%, sejalan dengan meningkatnya serapan hara N (64,7-158,8%), P<br />(50-100%), dan K (65-155%). Peningkatan produksi herba kering dan<br />andrografolid terbaik diperoleh dari penggunaan 20 CD (82,81 dan<br />142,11%), 20 BB (88,75 dan 131,58%), dan 20 BD (65,63 dan 131,58%).<br />Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa bakteri endofit berpotensi untuk<br />dikembangkan pada budidaya tanaman sambiloto.<br />Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, bakteri endofit, andrografolid,<br />pertumbuhan, produksi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Endophytic bacteria live within healthy plant tissue and play<br />important roles, such as producing compounds of plant growth regulators<br />substances such as IAA, GA 3 , and Cytokinin. The aims of this research is<br />to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria to promote the growth,<br />andrographolide content, and dry matter yield of king of bitter. The<br />research was conducted in the greenhouse of Cimanggu Balittro in October<br />2011-May 2012. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete<br />block design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consist<br />of (1) control, and 5 kinds of endophytic bacteria isolates such as (2)<br />20BB, (3) 5MD, (4) 20BD, (5) 20CD (treatments no.2-5, consisted of 4<br />types of isolate), and (6) 90AA (single isolate). The highest presentage of<br />plant height and number of primary branches were obtained from the<br />treatment of 20CD (24.7%) and 20BB (42.2%). Increase in the dry herb<br />yield of 25-82.81% was in agreement with increasing in uptake of N (64.7-<br />158.8%), P (50-100%), and K (65-155%). The best treatment with which<br />yielding high of dry herbs and andrographolide was 20CD isolates (82.81<br />and 142.11%), followed with 20 BB (88.75 and 131.58%), and 20 BD<br />(65.63 and 131.58%). The study implies that endophytic bacteria have<br />potential for development of king of bitter cultivation.<br />Key words: Andrographis paniculata, endophytic bacteria, androgra-<br />pholide, growth, yield</p>

THE INFLUENCE OF Zn AND P FERTILIZER ON THE DRY MATTER YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF FLAX (Linum usitatissimum L.) ON SOILS VARYING IN Ca AND Mg LEVEL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was grown in two growth chamber experiments on a total of 16 Black Chernozemic soils varying in content of Mg, Ca, P, and Zn. On three of the soils, dry matter yield of flax increased in response to application of P. Phosphorus availability was greater with broadcast than with banded fertilizer applications. Increased yield in response to Zn application was observed on one-half of the soils. Applications of P that increased P level in the tissue above 0.46% led to consistent but nonsignificant decreases in yield and reduced the level of Zn in the tissue. Zinc fertilization increased Zn and decreased P level in the tissue. Yield response to P application was not strongly related to soil chemical parameters measured, but increased as tissue P level decreased and tissue Zn level increased. High levels of soil Mg and soil pH and high tissue levels of Mg and P were the factors most closely associated with a yield response to Zn applied with P. Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum, Ca, Zn, P, Mg, fertilizer placement

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