scholarly journals 462 Inheritance of Light-Green Flower Color (gf) in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 524B-524
Author(s):  
Young-Seok Kwon ◽  
Fenny Dane
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb. Matsum. and Nakai) flower petals usually are yellow, but in watermelon line Kw-695, light-green flowers were detected. To study the inheritance of light-green flower color, Kw-695 plants were crossed with yellow-flowered Korean cultures `SS-4' and `Dalgona'. The resulting F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross generations were analyzed for flower color. Segregation ratios in the F2 and backcross to Kw-695 were 3 yellow: 1 light green and 1 yellow: 1 light green, respectively. Backcross generations to the yellow-flowered parents showed yellow flowers only. These results indicate that inheritance of the light-green flower character in Kw-695 is governed by a single recessive gene. We propose the gf gene symbol for the green flower trait. Kw-695 plants have large vines with large, light-green leaves. The plants are andromonoecious, have large, oval, bright yellow-green fruit with irregular dark-green stripes, bright yellow-orange, inedible flesh with very low sugar content (about 3.2 °Brix), and light-yellow seeds. The trait should be useful as a marker in watermelon breeding programs. Linkages between this trait and other genetic markers in watermelon will be investigated.

scholarly journals Qualitative Inheritance of External Fruit Traits in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Lou ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Stripe Width ◽  
Narrow Stripe ◽  
Light Green

Genes for watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai] fruit traits have been identified since the 1930s. We conducted a study of fruit traits including fruit stripe width, stripe color, rind color, fruit shape, and blossom end shape (concave vs. convex). Ten watermelon cultivars (inbred lines) were used as parents. Several new genes or alleles were discovered. A series of alleles at the g locus is proposed to explain the inheritance of fruit rind pattern: G (medium or dark solid green), gW (wide stripe), gM (medium stripe), gN (narrow stripe), and g (solid light green or gray). The dominance series is G > gW > gM > gN > g. Another series of alleles at the ob locus is proposed for the fruit shape: allele ObE for elongate fruit, which is the most dominant; allele ObR (not the same as the o gene for round) for the round fruit; and allele ob for oblong fruit, which is the most recessive. Gene csm is proposed for the clear stripe margin in the cultivar Red-N-Sweet and is recessive to the blurred stripe margin (Csm) in ‘Crimson Sweet’, ‘Allsweet’, and ‘Tendersweet Orange Flesh’.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Breadfruit Plants (Artocarpus Altilis) Based on Morphological Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Helna Estalansa ◽  
Endang Yuniastuti ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Female Flowers

<p>Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a plant common are all part of it can be used by humans. The research aims to determine the character of morphological breadfruit and knowing the characterization of morphological breadfruit in Yogyakarta. This research was carried out in June to October 2017 in Sleman Regency (Cangkringan, Ngemplak, Ngaglik), Gunung Kidul (Patuk, Nglipar, Gedangsari), and Bantul (Bantul, Pajangan, Imogiri) in Yogyakarta. Variables are observations include the environmental research and morphology of (trees, leaves, fl owers, and fruits). The data of the morphology are analyzed by NTSYS program. The results showed that the breadfruit trees has a plant height 16,7-17,9 m, the diameter of crown 6,1-8,8 m, shape of crown of the pyramidal, broadly pyramidal, elliptical, irregular, the patterns of branching of erect, opposite, and irregular. The length of leaf 42,2-78,6 cm, width of leaf 30,2-59,2 cm, shape of leaf ovate, and leaf colour dark green. The length of male flowers 9,0-13,4 cm, shape of female flowers globose, shape of male flowers ellipsoid, the colour of female flowers light green, the colour of male flowers light green when young, and brown when old. The length of fruit 12,2 -19,0 cm,diameter of fruit 12,8-16,4 cm, weight of fruit 0,7-1,7 kg, shape of fruit sperical and oblong, fruit skin colour greenish yellow, fruit flesh colour white and light yellow. The diversity of morphology of the breadfruit plants ranging from 3-30%.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insight Into Rind Color Polymorphism in Watermelon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongming Liu ◽  
Huihui Yang ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
Minjuan Zhang ◽  
Junling Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract BackgroundAs an important agronomic trait affecting breeding and consumption choice, rind color of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] receives considerable attention from breeders. Although rind color occupies an important place in watermelon breeding work, the underlying molecular mechanism governing this complex trait has still not been determined. ResultsIn the present study, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were hypothesized to be the main factors determining rind color. Clearly different structures and numbers of chloroplasts and grana lamellae were found among materials with different rind colors. To study the genes involved in the coloration process of the yellow, dark green, light green, and light green-gray rinds, 84,516 unigenes were obtained from the rind transcriptome. Through DEGs screening and pathway analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid mechanism, the genes with abnormal expression levels were identified. Then, the nucleotide sequences and expression levels of the putative genes responsible for different rind colors were studied.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive insight on the factors affecting rind coloration and investigated expression levels of the critical genes concerning pigment metabolism in watermelon. These results would help to analyze the molecular mechanisms of rind coloration regulation and development of the related organelles.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insight into Rind Color Polymorphism in Watermelon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongming Liu ◽  
Huihui Yang ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
Minjuan Zhang ◽  
Junling Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: As an important agronomic trait affecting breeding and consumption choice, the rind color of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] receives considerable attention from breeders. Although rind color occupies an important place in watermelon breeding work, the underlying molecular mechanism governing this complex trait has still not been determined. Results: In the present study, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were hypothesized to be the main factors determining rind color. Clearly different structures and numbers of chloroplasts and grana lamellae were found among materials with different rind colors. To study the genes involved in the coloration process of the yellow, dark green, light green, and light green-gray rinds, 84,516 unigenes were obtained from the rind transcriptome. Through DEGs screening and pathway analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid mechanism, the genes with abnormal expression levels were identified. Then, the nucleotide sequences and expression levels of the putative genes responsible for different rind colors were studied.Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive insight on the factors affecting rind coloration and investigated expression levels of the critical genes concerning pigment metabolism in watermelon. These results would help to analyze the molecular mechanisms of rind coloration regulation and development of the related organelles.

Isolation and characterization of oleochemical compounds from watermelon seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Madhubhushan M ◽  
Seshaiah S ◽  
Chandrudu J ◽  
Sagar R ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fatty Esters ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Gradation

The common watermelon item (Citrullus lanatus) seeds were gained from castoffs verdant nourishments for use by decorating, sun ventilation and pulverizing. Light yellow-toned oil was gotten by dissolvable withdrawal using oil atmosphere and the going with traits were gotten using oil ether: pH, refractive rundown, thickness, dissolvable miscibility, coagulating temperature, fire nature, express gravity, streak point and warmth of consuming. With a shallow level of unsaturation, stepped level of smoothness, and proximity of raised degree of the sensible proportion of free unsaturated fats. The low assessment of the solidifying temperature of the oil offered a hint that the oil can be managed in various areas paying little heed to the qualification in temperature. The following level of linoleic destructive of the oil offers a hint of natural gradation of solidarity. Fatty esters are increasing expanding significance as a biodegradable swap for mineral oils. In some request regions, for example, cutting tool oil, gearbox, pressure-driven oils, and greases for raw petroleum creation, the oleochemical items are set up. Nonetheless, certain particular wellsprings of fatty esters are hitherto to be abused for this comparative reason. This exploration subsequently tests into one of the less used wellsprings of fatty esters in watermelon. The oil from the kernels demonstrations a top-notch yield presents significant utilitarian gatherings for change and thus was utilized to set up an assortment of oleochemicals which demonstrated excellence materials in contrast with the routinely utilized oils feed frameworks for oleochemicals after portrayal. The photopolymers acquired indicated piercing vinyl protons for consistent polymerize.

The Present Situation and Trend of Green Building Development in China Dongying City

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Yu Xi Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dongying City ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Light Green

In recent years, with the accelerating global resources depletion and increasing environment deterioration,sustainable development has become common understanding of best strategy in long-term development of human being. Green building has been the hottest keyword in building industry. This paper expounds the updated research of green building situation and trend,and investigate the green building development of DongYing City. The results indicated that green building development in China was still in the primary stage,the evaluation of green building would become national popular,the number of certified green building would increase year by year,and the development of green building in China was in the stage from light green to dark green.

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. BENDELOW
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Biochemical Analysis of Perianths and Coronas Reveal Flower Color Formation in Narcissus pseudonarcissus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Dongqin Tang ◽  
Hui Du ◽  
Yimin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Β Carotene

Narcissus pseudonarcissus is an important bulbous plant with white or yellow perianths and light yellow to orange-red coronas, but little is known regarding the biochemical and molecular basis related to flower color polymorphisms. To investigate the mechanism of color formation, RNA-Seq of flower of two widely cultured cultivars (‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’) with different flower color was performed. A total of 84,463 unigenes were generated from the perianths and coronas. By parallel metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in N. pseudonarcissus. The results showed that the content of carotenoids in the corona was higher than that in the perianth in both cultivars. Accordingly, phytoene synthase (PSY) transcripts have a higher abundance in the coronas than that in perianths. While the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, like GGPPS, PSY, and LCY-e, were not significantly different between two cultivars. In contrast, the carotenoid degradation gene NpCCD4 was highly expressed in white-perianth cultivars, but was hardly detected in yellow-perianth cultivars. Silencing of NpCCD4 resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid accumulation, especially in all-trans-β-carotene. Therefore, we presume that NpCCD4 is a crucial factor that causes the low carotenoid content and color fading phenomenon of ‘Slim Whitman’ by mediating carotenoid turnover. Our findings provide mass RNA-seq data and new insights into carotenoid metabolism in N. pseudonarcissus.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Persistent-Green Color in Asparagus Officinalis, L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
H. Irizarry ◽  
J. Howard Ellison ◽  
Portia Orton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Plant Pigment ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Color Gene

Two mature, dark-green asparagus plants (one female and one male) termed "persistent-green" were selected in a New Jersey asparagus field on November 11, 1959, when the other plants were yellow or brown. The two persistent-green plants were crossed; each of them was crossed also with normal plants for the genetic study of this character. A secondary part of this study was to determine the effect of the color gene or genes on the plant-pigment system by means of spectrophotometric analyses. An attempt also was made to identify the persistent-green mutants in the seedling stage. The study of the phenotypes of 17 F1, F2, and reciprocal BC1 progenies indicated that persistent-green color in asparagus is inherited as a single recessive gene. There was a large quantitative difference in chlorophyll and carotene between the persistent-green and normal plant complexes in October, but not in July. Apparently the persistent-green mutants retain chlorophyll and carotene much later in the season than do the normal plants. No qualitative difference in pigment was found in either July or October. Asparagus seedlings were easily classified as to persistent-green (green foliage) or normal (yellow foliage) in the greenhouse when the plants were 6 weeks old.

scholarly journals Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Identification of a White Flower Gene BrWF3 in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangjuan Yang ◽  
Xinxin Tian ◽  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
White Flower ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Xanthophyll Esters

Flower color is an important trait in plants. However, genes responsible for the white flower trait in Chinese cabbage are rarely reported. In this study, we constructed an F2 population derived from the Y640-288 (white flower) and Y641-87 (yellow flower) lines for the fine mapping of the white flower gene BrWF3 in Chinese cabbage. Genetic analysis indicated that BrWF3 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Using BSA-seq and KASP assays, BrWF3 was fine-mapped to an interval of 105.6 kb. Functional annotation, expression profiling, and sequence variation analyses confirmed that the AtPES2 homolog, Bra032957, was the most likely candidate gene for BrWF3. Carotenoid profiles and transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that BrWF3 might participate in the production of xanthophyll esters (particularly violaxanthin esters), which in turn disrupt chromoplast development and the formation of plastoglobules (PGs). A SNP deletion in the third exon of BrWF3 caused the loss of protein function, and interfered with the normal assembly of PGs, which was associated with reduced expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid metabolism. Furthermore, we developed and validated the functional marker TXBH83 for BrWF3. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying flower color pigmentation and reveal valuable information for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding in Chinese cabbage.

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