scholarly journals (429)“Artificial Exosperm” Development Using Antistress, Antioxidant Compounds for Promoting and Synchronizing Seedling Emergence at Limiting Low Temperature and Moisture Conditions in Carrot

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023D-1023
Author(s):  
Rowan Briscoe ◽  
Rajasekaran Lada ◽  
Claude Caldwell ◽  
Kevin Sibley ◽  
Christine Pettipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Producing carrots with optimal root grades is the most critical aspect of carrot production for maximizing profits. Desired root grades can be optimized by maintaining optimal plant population. While precision seeding helps to seed required seeding rate, obtaining optimum seed germination and uniform emergence, especially in mineral soils and under cold and dry climates, have been great challenges to carrot producers around the world. Therefore, stand establishment is critical for optimizing yield and quality in carrots. Experiments were conducted to identify suitable germination and emergence promoters (GEPs) that will promote early and uniform emergence under temperatures of 5 °C and 20 °C and under 20% FC and 40% FC combinations. GEPs, belonging to both natural and synthetic antistress, antioxidant groups of compounds, and mineral salts were used. Carrot seeds of cv. Oranza were used in this study. Seeds were preconditioned with various GEPs, then submerged into laponite RD gel that was used as a potential “artificial exosperm” for carrot seeds. Data on emergence was collected and emergence and vigor value was calculated. Under ideal conditions, that is, at the 20 °C and 40% FC combination, there was no significant difference between treated seeds and untreated control. Germination was delayed at the 5 °C and 20% FC combination. However, seeds preconditioned with GEP-PN1.5%, GEP-LU at 1 mg·L-1, GEP-CA at 10 mg·L-1, GEP-AA at 100 mg·L-1 and GEP-SD at 10 mg·L-1 all promoted emergence resulting in the highest number of seedlings emerged at 5 °C and at 20% FC. Enhanced emergence under low temperature and low moisture may perhaps be due to synthesis of specific proteins.

scholarly journals Seed encrusting with salicylic acid: a novel approach to improve establishment of grass species in ecological restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pedrini ◽  
Jason C. Stevens ◽  
Adam Cross ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth

AbstractTo achieve global ambitions in large scale ecological restoration, there is a need for approaches that improve the efficiency of seed-based restoration, particularly in overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from germination to seedling establishment. In this study we tested a novel seed-based application of the plant stress modulator compound, salicylic acid, as a means to reduce seedling losses in seed-to-seedling phase. First-time seed coating technology (encrusting) was developed as a precursor for optimising field sowing for three grass species commonly used in restoration programs, Austrostipa scabra, Microlaena stipoides, and Rytidosperma geniculata. Salicylic acid (SA, 0.1mM) was delivered to seeds via imbibition and seed encrusting with the effects tested on seed germination under controlled conditions (to test for resilience to drought), and in field conditions on seedling emergence, plant survival, and seedling growth. SA did not significantly impact germination under water stress in controlled laboratory condition and did not affect seedling emergence in the field. However, seedling survival and growth was improved in plants from SA treated seeds (imbibed and encrusted) under field conditions. When SA delivery mechanisms of imbibing and coating were compared, there was no significant difference in survival and growth, showing that seed coating has potential to deliver SA. Effect of intraspecific competition as a result of seedling density was also considered. Seedling survival over the dry summer season more than doubled when seed was sown at low density (40 plants/m2) compared to high density seeding (380 plants/m2). Overall, adjustment of seeding rate according to expected emergence combined with the use of salicylic acid is a cost-effective means for improving seed use efficiency in seed-based restoration.

scholarly journals Viability of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm at 4°C temperature storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Dimas Fendy Pradana ◽  
Ignatius Hardaningsih ◽  
Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Temperature Storage

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sperm viability of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cryopreservation pre-conditions at 4°C. The design used in this study was Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments, BSS as a control, 10% DMSO, 0,2 M Sucrose, and 5% DMSO + 0,1 M Sucrose; each consist of three replications. The parameters observed were progressive motility of fresh sperm, diluted sperm before low temperature storage, and 2 hours; 3 hours; 4 hours; 5 hours; one day; one week; a month after 4°C storage. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The data showed that there was no significant difference between treatment (P>0.05). The best viability was 40.56% of sperm motility which survive for one week, it was achieved by 5% DMSO + 0,1 M Sucrose.

Abstract P797: Sex Specific Plasma Protein Changes During Thrombectomy

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Trout ◽  
Jacqueline Frank ◽  
Benton Maglinger ◽  
Jill Roberts ◽  
Ann M Stowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Introduction: Sex differences in stroke have been apparent with premenopausal females having a lower incidence of stroke with better outcomes than postmenopausal females and males. We examined sex-specific outcomes and changes in plasma proteins following emergent large vessel occlusions. The previously published Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC), clinicaltrials.gov NCT03153683, allows for analysis of plasma proteins both systemically and distal to the thrombus. Methods: Plasma samples, processed in accordance with the BACTRAC protocol, were sent to Olink to run cardiometabolic and inflammatory panels. Demographics are reported as mean±SEM. Significance determined in Prism with Mann-Whitney, t-test, or pair mixed-effect analysis. Results: We evaluated 34 subjects, >18 yrs old (20 females, 14 males) enrolled in BACTRAC. There was no significant difference in age (68.9±2.7, 65.4±4.5 yrs, respectively) or comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, cholesterolemia). Interestingly, males had a larger (p<0.1) change in Modified Rankin Scale (mRS, premorbid-discharge, 3.4±1.8, 2.2±1.6, respectively) with larger infarcts (86,666±30,889 mm 3 , 36,228±10,943 mm 3 , respectively). This coincided with a lower (p<0.05) CTA collateral scores for males compared to females (0.64±0.67, 1.1±0.13, respectively). 12 proteins were significantly (p<0.1) higher in females, compared to males (5 proteins upregulated in both the systemic and intracranial, 3 systemic specific, and 4 intracranial specific). Males had 15 proteins significantly higher than females (3 proteins upregulated in both the systemic and intracranial, 12 systemic specific, and 0 intracranial specific). The most significant intracranial protein for females is coagulation factor XI (F11) and males is transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1). Analysis of an additional 16 subjects has begun to validate the sex specific proteins. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, males have larger infarcts and less independence following large vessel occlusions in BACTRAC. We hypothesize this is due to fewer collaterals which leads to sex specific signaling patterns. Additional analysis of the plasma and subjects in BACTRAC are needed to target sex specific therapeutic.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

scholarly journals Impacts of bracteole removal and seeding rate on seedling emergence of halophyte shrubs: implications for rangeland rehabilitation in arid environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mounir Louhaichi ◽  
Sawsan Hassan ◽  
Ali Mekki Missaoui ◽  
Serkan Ates ◽  
Steven L. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Positive Effect

Direct seeding techniques often result in unsatisfactory outcomes in rangeland rehabilitation, primarily because of low seedling emergence and poor establishment. Seed processing techniques aimed at improving seedling emergence have gained interest by pasture managers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of bracteole removal and seeding rate on seedling emergence in seven halophytic species: Atriplex halimus, A. canescens, A. leucoclada, A. nummularia, A. lentiformis, Salsola vermiculata and Haloxylon aphyllum under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya (Syria). Each of these species was evaluated for seedling emergence under two seed treatments (bracteoles removed and non-removed bracteoles) with three seeding rates (10, 30 and 60 seeds per pot), in a completely randomised block design. The results showed a positive effect of seed treatment on seedling emergence for all studied species. The native A. halimus had the highest emergence percentages whereas the introduced A. mummularia, had the lowest. However, there were no significant effects of seeding rates on seedling emergence. These results showed that bracteole removal could improve germination and seedling emergence, and potentially increase the rate of establishment of the species studied. Therefore, when implementing rangeland rehabilitation projects, bracteole removal needs to be considered. The native S. vermiculata should be recommended for direct seeding in the West Asia and North Africa region given its high seedling emergence, known high palatability, nutritive value, and high auto-regeneration performance.

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Nele Bolle ◽  
Jozef A. Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

Native bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia improve seedling emergence and establishment in dryland restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Dadzie ◽  
Angela Moles ◽  
Todd Erickson ◽  
Miriam Munoz-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
North West ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival

&lt;p&gt;Seed-based ecosystem restoration has huge potential to restore degraded lands but currently less than 10 % of directly sown seeds successfully establish in drylands. Soil microbial communities are important for improving plant establishment in degraded land. However, current methods such as soil translocation can potentially disturb the donor site. In this study, we investigated a novel non-destructive method for improving seedling growth of native plants used in restoration through seed-soil-microbial pelleting. We assessed seedling emergence and survival of &lt;em&gt;Triodia epactia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Acacia inaequilatera&lt;/em&gt; seeds inoculated with whole soil bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia retrieved and isolated from a pristine ecosystem. A field experiment was set-up in a 35m x 40m purpose-built rain exclusion shelter that contained reconstructed soil profiles typically encountered in mine rehabilitation programs of Australia&amp;#8217;s arid north-west. We hypothesized that inoculated seed-soil pellets would improve seedling emergence and survival of these species. After three weeks of planting, seedling emergence in microbially inoculated &lt;em&gt;Acacia&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;inaequilatera&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Triodia epactia&lt;/em&gt; were 48% and 55% higher than non-inoculated seeds in bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. We also tested whether the use of cyanobacteria consortia as inocula promoted higher seedling emergence over whole soil bacteria. We found that there was no significant difference in seedling emergence between the microbial taxa. We show that, improving the diversity of soil microorganisms improves seedling emergence and the seed-soil pellet method used is viable to improve seed-based restoration outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words&lt;/strong&gt;: Seed-based restoration, microbial community, cyanobacteria, bacteria community, seedling emergence.&lt;/p&gt;

Low-Temperature Activity of Lactic Streptococci Isolated from Cultured Buttermilk

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 1208-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN L. HOGARTY ◽  
JOSEPH F. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Psychrotrophic and mesophilic lactic streptococci were isolated from commercial cultured buttermilk to determine their potential effect on the quality of this product. These isolates consisted primarily of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis, with S. lactis, Streptococcus cremoris, and Leuconostoc spp. also being present. Psychrotrophic isolates of S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis were compared to mesophilic isolates in regard to their ability to grow and reduce diacetyl in acidified milk (pH 4.7) incubated at 7°C. There was no significant difference detected in the ability of the two groups to reduce diacetyl (P&lt;.05). The mesophilic isolates grew more rapidly in acidified refrigerated milk than did the psychrotrophs, indicating that the psychrotrophic isolates were more acid sensitive. The psychrotrophic isolates exhibited generation times of 9 to 11 h when grown in skim milk (pH 6.7) at 7°C. Both psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis could rapidly reduce diacetyl in refrigerated acidified milk. The results of this study suggest that procedures for selection of starter cultures for buttermilk manufacture should be improved.

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