scholarly journals Seed encrusting with salicylic acid: a novel approach to improve establishment of grass species in ecological restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pedrini ◽  
Jason C. Stevens ◽  
Adam Cross ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth

AbstractTo achieve global ambitions in large scale ecological restoration, there is a need for approaches that improve the efficiency of seed-based restoration, particularly in overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from germination to seedling establishment. In this study we tested a novel seed-based application of the plant stress modulator compound, salicylic acid, as a means to reduce seedling losses in seed-to-seedling phase. First-time seed coating technology (encrusting) was developed as a precursor for optimising field sowing for three grass species commonly used in restoration programs, Austrostipa scabra, Microlaena stipoides, and Rytidosperma geniculata. Salicylic acid (SA, 0.1mM) was delivered to seeds via imbibition and seed encrusting with the effects tested on seed germination under controlled conditions (to test for resilience to drought), and in field conditions on seedling emergence, plant survival, and seedling growth. SA did not significantly impact germination under water stress in controlled laboratory condition and did not affect seedling emergence in the field. However, seedling survival and growth was improved in plants from SA treated seeds (imbibed and encrusted) under field conditions. When SA delivery mechanisms of imbibing and coating were compared, there was no significant difference in survival and growth, showing that seed coating has potential to deliver SA. Effect of intraspecific competition as a result of seedling density was also considered. Seedling survival over the dry summer season more than doubled when seed was sown at low density (40 plants/m2) compared to high density seeding (380 plants/m2). Overall, adjustment of seeding rate according to expected emergence combined with the use of salicylic acid is a cost-effective means for improving seed use efficiency in seed-based restoration.

scholarly journals Seed encrusting with salicylic acid: A novel approach to improve establishment of grass species in ecological restoration

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0242035
Author(s):  
Simone Pedrini ◽  
Jason C. Stevens ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Survival And Growth

To achieve global ambitions in large scale ecological restoration, there is a need for approaches that improve the efficiency of seed-based interventions, particularly in overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from germination to seedling establishment. In this study, we tested a novel seed-based application of the plant stress modulator compound salicylic acid as a means to reduce seedling losses in the seed-to-seedling phase. Seed coating technology (encrusting) was developed as a precursor for optimising field sowing for three grass species commonly used in restoration programs, Austrostipa scabra, Microlaena stipoides, and Rytidosperma geniculatum. Salicylic acid (SA, 0.1mM) was delivered to seeds via imbibition and seed encrusting. The effects of SA on seed germination were examined under controlled water-limited conditions (drought resilience) in laboratory setting and on seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling growth and plant survival in field conditions. Salicylic acid did not impact germination under water stress in controlled laboratory conditions and did not affect seedling emergence in the field. However, seedling survival and growth were improved in plants grown from SA treated seeds (imbibed and encrusted) under field conditions. When SA delivery methods of imbibing and coating were compared, there was no significant difference in survival and growth, showing that seed coating has potential to deliver SA. Effect of intraspecific competition as a result of seedling density was also considered. Seedling survival over the dry summer season was more than double at low seedling density (40 plants/m2) compared to high seedling density (380 plants/m2). Overall, adjustment of seeding rate according to expected emergence combined with the use of salicylic acid via coating could improve seed use efficiency in seed-based restoration.

scholarly journals (429)“Artificial Exosperm” Development Using Antistress, Antioxidant Compounds for Promoting and Synchronizing Seedling Emergence at Limiting Low Temperature and Moisture Conditions in Carrot

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023D-1023
Author(s):  
Rowan Briscoe ◽  
Rajasekaran Lada ◽  
Claude Caldwell ◽  
Kevin Sibley ◽  
Christine Pettipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Producing carrots with optimal root grades is the most critical aspect of carrot production for maximizing profits. Desired root grades can be optimized by maintaining optimal plant population. While precision seeding helps to seed required seeding rate, obtaining optimum seed germination and uniform emergence, especially in mineral soils and under cold and dry climates, have been great challenges to carrot producers around the world. Therefore, stand establishment is critical for optimizing yield and quality in carrots. Experiments were conducted to identify suitable germination and emergence promoters (GEPs) that will promote early and uniform emergence under temperatures of 5 °C and 20 °C and under 20% FC and 40% FC combinations. GEPs, belonging to both natural and synthetic antistress, antioxidant groups of compounds, and mineral salts were used. Carrot seeds of cv. Oranza were used in this study. Seeds were preconditioned with various GEPs, then submerged into laponite RD gel that was used as a potential “artificial exosperm” for carrot seeds. Data on emergence was collected and emergence and vigor value was calculated. Under ideal conditions, that is, at the 20 °C and 40% FC combination, there was no significant difference between treated seeds and untreated control. Germination was delayed at the 5 °C and 20% FC combination. However, seeds preconditioned with GEP-PN1.5%, GEP-LU at 1 mg·L-1, GEP-CA at 10 mg·L-1, GEP-AA at 100 mg·L-1 and GEP-SD at 10 mg·L-1 all promoted emergence resulting in the highest number of seedlings emerged at 5 °C and at 20% FC. Enhanced emergence under low temperature and low moisture may perhaps be due to synthesis of specific proteins.

Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides. II. Patterns of Seedling Emergence and Survival in a Native Grassland

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The emergence, survival and growth of seedlings of the endangered Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were followed in a Themeda triandra grassland during 1991 and 1992. The effect of summer irrigation on seedling survival was also investigated. Seedling emergence occurred in both years within 2 weeks of the 'autumn break' when soil moisture rose above 20%. Ninety percent of emergence was observed within 4 weeks of the onset of germination and 87% of seedlings were within 20 cm of an established plant. No emergence was observed after 8 weeks. Thirteen percent of the 1991 cohort survived for 14 months. Mortality of most seedlings (63%) was attributed to soil moisture stress in summer. Small seedlings (Ͱ4 3 leaves) were no more susceptible to drought than larger seedlings. Seventy two percent of the 1991 cohort produced four leaves before subsequently dying. In 1992, however, most early seedling mortality was amongst cotyledonary seedlings. No seedlings flowered in their first year. Above-ground growth was slow and by 14 months, 60% of surviving seedlings had seven or fewer live leaves. Irrigation in a year of below-average rainfall had no significant effect on the survival and growth of seedlings. This suggests that seedling recruitment is not restricted to climatically favourable years (i.e. is not episodic) but rather, is potentially on-going provided suitable microsites are available for seedling survival.

Germination of Piptochaetium Napostaense (Speg.) Hackel and Stipa Tenuis Phil. And Seedling Survival Under Field Conditions.

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Distel ◽  
DV Pelae ◽  
OA Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
High Level

The objectives of this work were to investigate the germination of Piptochaetium napostaense and Stipa tenuis under laboratory conditions and to evaluate the effects of different plant canopy cover on seedling emergence and survival of the two species in the field. Fresh seeds of both species present a high level of dormancy associated with the lemma and palea, preventing seedling emergence immediately after the seeds fall in NovemberPecember. Seventy per cent of the seedlings of both species emerged in autumn. The germination behavior of these grass species may be an ecological adaptation serving to avoid seedling loss through exposure to the high temperatures and drought occurring during summer in the Calden District. Seedling survival was greater in the grazed, low plant canopy cover site, indicating that a certain degree of disturbance to reduce neighbouring plant interference favours seedling establishment in both species.

Acorn germination is not enhanced near cache sites relative to random locations

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Sipes ◽  
N.I. Lichti ◽  
R.K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
First Year ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Directed Dispersal ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Dispersal Agents

Acorns produced by oak (genus Quercus L.) trees are eaten by numerous wildlife species, many of which may also contribute to oak regeneration by dispersing acorns to favorable microhabitats. According to the directed dispersal hypothesis, seed dispersal agents may preferentially move seeds to locations that favor seedling establishment. As a case study of the directed dispersal hypothesis, we tested the hypothesis that vertebrate scatterhoarders preferentially cache acorns in locations where conditions favor germination. We planted acorns within 0.3 m of known cache sites (cache plots) and at paired random plots that were located at equal distances from the acorn source. We then monitored germination, seedling emergence, and growth over the first year. Acorns near actual cache sites germinated at lower rates than acorns in random sites, the opposite of what would be predicted by the directed dispersal hypothesis, but insufficient seedling survival prevented statistical analysis of survival and growth. These results do not support the directed dispersal hypothesis with regard to the microhabitat at cache plots, and do not address the effects of seed burial or the potential for longer term positive effects on survival of germinated seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Different Planting Techniques on Soil Water Content, Survival, and Growth of Senegalia Seedlings on Semi-Arid Degraded Lands in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292097208
Author(s):  
Philippe Bayen ◽  
Anne Mette Lykke ◽  
Boubacar M. Moussa ◽  
Fidèle Bognounou ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Semi Arid

Land degradation exacerbates poverty and food shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tree planting is traditionally used to restore degraded lands, but the tree species used are often poorly adapted to the local climate conditions. We evaluated the suitability and efficiency of three planting techniques (half-moon, standard plantation and zaï) in a semi-arid climate using seedlings from two native Senegalia species: Senegalia gourmaensis and Senegalia dudgeonii. A total of 116 nursery-grown seedlings were planted on degraded lands using these three planting techniques. Data on soil water content, seedling survival and growth rates were measured over 1.5 years. The effects of the planting techniques on these variables were significantly different ( p < 0.001). The lowest water content was measured in the topsoil horizon (0–10 cm) and the highest in the deeper horizons (∼50 cm). At the end of the experiment, the survival rate of S. gourmaensis was 72.2% - 62.5% and 57.5% in half-moon, standard plantation and zaï, respectively. For S. dudgeonii, it was 50%, 62.5% and 47.5% in half-moon, standard plantation and zaï, respectively. There was a significant difference in height and collar diameter between S. gourmaensis and S. dudgeonii using the three planting techniques ( p < 0.001). Based on our results, we recommend using the half-moon or standard plantation for Senegalia species. Senegalia species are suitable for planting in degraded land in semi-arid areas when using the appropriate planting technique.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar and Manual Vegetation Control on Early Growth and Survival of Planted Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Seedlings in Northern Minnesota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Slesak ◽  
Sara G Kelso ◽  
Marcella A Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Survival of planted seedlings following a regeneration harvest can be challenging and early interventions through silvicultural treatments may be required for successful stand establishment. We tested the influence of soil amendment (biochar+compost, compost-only, or control) and vegetation control (VC; applied either initially or annually for five years using brush saws) on the growth and survival of jack pine at three sites in northern Minnesota. Application of the biochar+compost soil amendment increased seedling survival by 30% relative to the control in the first year, but there was no significant difference in survival among soil amendment treatments after five years. Both soil amendments increased diameter growth relative to the control (14% increase with biochar+compost, 10% increase with compost only), with most of the biochar+compost effect attributed to the compost. Annual VC increased diameter growth by 17% relative to initial VC, but overall effects on survival and growth were generally small relative to reported effects of VC via herbicide. The limited short-term influence of biochar and manual VC on growth and survival of jack pine indicates that these practices are likely not an effective means to increase jack pine establishment, but other benefits (e.g., increased carbon storage) may become apparent with time. Study Implications Emerging changes to forest conditions and climate are likely to create challenges for successful regeneration in even-aged silvicultural systems. Early interventions such as application of soil amendments and vegetation control may be required to increase seedling survival. However, our findings indicate that biochar application and manual vegetation control were not very effective at increasing survival and growth of planted jack pine seedlings across a range of site conditions in northern Minnesota. Further study is warranted to determine whether other biochar application rates and techniques or other forms of vegetation control are more effective for successful jack pine establishment.

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

scholarly journals Effects of Ecological Restoration Using Non-Native Mangrove Kandelia obovata to Replace Invasive Spartina alterniflora on Intertidal Macrobenthos Community in Maoyan Island (Zhejiang, China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Qiuxuan Wang ◽  
Carlos Duarte ◽  
Li Song ◽  
George Christakos ◽  
Susana Agusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Average Biomass

Spartina alterniflora has extensively invaded the coastline of China, including in Maoyan Island of Zhejiang Province. Ecological restoration has been conducted using non-native mangrove Kandelia obovata to replace S. alterniflora in an attempt to restore the impacted intertidal zones. To illustrate the ecological effectiveness of the restoration projects, macrobenthos communities were studied among different habitats within the restored areas, including one non-restored S. alterniflora marsh (SA) and three differently-aged restored K. obovata stands planted in 2003, 2009, and 2011 respectively (KF14, KF8, and KF6). Besides, one unvegetated mudflat (MF) adjacent to the non-restored S. alterniflora marsh and one K. obovata forest transplanted in 2006 (RKF) at a previously barren mudflat without invasion history of S. alterniflora were set as reference sites. A total of 69 species of macrobenthos were collected from Maoyan Island, and the species richness was dominated by gastropoda (23 species), polychaeta (18 species), and malacostraca (16 species). There was no significant difference between the six sites in terms of the abundance of macrobenthos, with the average values of abundance peaking in KF6 (734.7 ind m−2) and being lowest in RKF (341.3 ind m−2). The six sites had significant differences in terms of the biomass of macrobenthos. The KF8 site contained the highest average biomass (168.3 g m−2), whereas the MF site had the lowest (54.3 g m−2). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index of the macrobenthos did not exhibit significant differences among the six sites. However, the results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the sites. Since KF14 shared a similar macrobenthos community structure with RKF, while representing a strikingly different structure from SA, we infer that ecological restoration using K. obovata can restore the macrobenthos community to resemble to a normally planted K. obovata forest about 15 years after restoration.

Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Murat Uzunlu ◽  
Ali Riza Demirkiran
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) application at various concentrations through seed immersion or foliar spray would protect muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Twenty-one-day-old plants pre-treated with ASA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) were subjected to chilling stress for 72 h at 3 ± 0.5°C. ASA, applied either through seed immersion or foliar spray, was effective within the range of 0.1 to 1 mM in inducing tolerance to chilling stress in muskmelon seedlings; however, there was no significant difference between application methods. ASA significantly and curvilinearly affected all seedling growth and stress indicator variables tested except shoot dry weight. The best protection was obtained from seedlings pre-treated with 0.5 mM ASA. The highest ASA concentration used was slightly less effective in providing chilling stress protection. Even though both methods provided similar means of protection, due to its simplicity and practicality, immersion of muskmelon seeds prior to sowing in 0.5 mM ASA would be a more desirable method to induce tolerance to chilling stress. Key words: Cucumis melo, aspirin, chilling stress tolerance, gas exchange, electrolyte leakage

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