scholarly journals Planting Date and Romaine Lettuce Cultivar Affect Quality and Productivity

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dufault ◽  
Brian Ward ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Lettuce Cultivar

The objective of this study was to determine the best combination of planting dates (PDs) and cultivars on yield and quality for long-term production of romaine lettuce. `Green Forest' (GF), `Apache' (AP), `Darkland' (DK), `Green Tower' (GT), `Ideal Cos' (IC), and `Tall Guzmaine' (TG) were successfully grown to harvest maturity on 19 PDs from September 1998 to April 2001. Lettuce planted in September and April PDs (pooled over cultivars and year), required as little as 47 and 49 days, respectively, to reach harvest (all cultivars harvested on the same day). Lettuce planted in October, November, February, and March PDs (pooled over cultivars and year), required on average 64, 66, 75, and 67 days to reach harvest, respectively, but in the coldest PDs of December and January, 90 and 98 days, respectively, were needed to reach maturity. Of the eight PDs evaluated, marketable numbers/plot (pooled over cultivars and years) were greatest in the September PD, followed by April (–8% decrease from September PD) > March (–13%) > October (–17%) > November (–21%) > December = January = February (about –30%) and heads weighed the most in September > January = February (–7% decrease from September PD) > March = April (–14%) > October (–21%) > December (–25%) > November (–31%). Cull heads/plot (pooled over cultivars and years) were greatest in April > December (–5% decrease from April PD) > January = February (–16%) > November (–27%) > October (–34%) > March (–44%) > September (–49%). Two out of three November PDs were lost to freezing damage and this PD should be avoided. Significant bolting occurred primarily in the September and October PDs (in 1 of 3 years) with negligible bolting in the November, December, and January PDs, but bolting recurred again in the February, March and April PDs. Marketable numbers/plot (pooled over all PDs and years) were greatest for GF > GT (–7% decrease from GF) > AP (–8%) > IC (–9%) > DK (–11%) > TG (–21%). The interaction effect of cultivar × PD indicated that GF yielded the most marketable heads in 6 out of 8 PDs. The best performing cultivars by PD (pooled over years) were September and February = GF and IC; October = TG; November = AP; December, January, March, and April = GF.

Repeseed adaptation in Northern New South Wales. II.* Predicting plant development of Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L. and its implications for planting time, designed to avoid water deficit and frost

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Intermediate Region ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Moisture Deficit

Two experiments were conducted to determine the growing degree-day (D°) requirements of annual B. campestris and B. napus cultivars, and to evaluate their use in planning crop development strategies to avoid frost and moisture deficit at three locations. In the first experiment, base temperatures and D° requirements were calculated for four phases from planting to grain-filling, on the basis of linear temperature-development rate responses measured in the field at Tamworth, N.S.W. The phenological pattern of each species was predicted for several planting dates at locations representing the north-west slopes, northern tablelands and an intermediate region, by using long-term mean daily temperatures and calculated Do requirements. From these predictions and long-term mean daily rainfall and pan evaporation rates, the available soil moisture depletion was estimated for each planting date. For each location, planting date strategies for both species were evaluated for avoidance of frost and moisture deficit. The predicted optimum planting dates for B. napus and B. campestris were, respectively, 20 June and 5 August for the north-west slopes, 20 August and 1 October for the northern tablelands, and 30 June and 18 August for the intermediate region. In the second experiment, the influence of planting date on the grain yield of B. campestris and B. napus was studied in several seasons at each of the locations studied in the first experiment. The planting date that gave the highest yield varied between species and locations. B. campestris was favoured by later dates than B. napus. For both species these dates were earliest on the north-west slopes and latest on the northern tablelands. Yields of B. napus were higher than those of B. campestris at all locations when each species was planted at a favourable time. Predicted optimum planting dates from experiment 1 are discussed in relation to the field results from experiment 2. _____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29: 693 (1978).

Modelling the demography of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as affected by broad bean (Vicia faba) cropping frequency and planting date

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca López-Granados ◽  
Luis García-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Reported Data

A mathematical model of crenate broomrape populations in broad bean as affected by cropping frequency and planting dates in the absence of crenate broomrape control practices was constructed using previously reported data. In consecutive broad bean cropping, broomrape populations reached a maximum infection severity (D) of 62, 47, and 30 emerged broomrape m−2for early (mid-October), intermediate (mid-November), and late (mid-December) planting dates, respectively. The maximumDvalues were reached earlier as planting dates were brought forward, taking from 4 to 6 yr, starting from very low initial infections (D ≤0.2 emerged broomrape m−2). If broad bean was cropped every 3 yr, 15, 21, and 27 yr were needed, respectively, according to the model, to reach the maximumDfor the three planting dates considered. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of changing the values of the main demographic parameters in broomrape life cycle (germination, attachment, and seed loss) on the output of the model under different management strategies (planting dates and cropping frequency). Generally, an increase in seed attachment and a decrease in seed loss affected broomrape population dynamics. Between the two processes evaluated, the time taken to reach the maximum infection severity (D) was less sensitive than the maximum broomrape population values. Model predictions were validated using results from long-term field studies at the late planting date sown every year. Simulated values generated good predictions (R2= 0.82).

Planting date and suboptimal seedbed temperature effects on dry bean establishment, phenology and yield

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
A. Vandenberg ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Temperature Emergence

Seedbed temperatures below 15°C are detrimental to dry bean germination and emergence. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of suboptimal seedbed temperatures on dry bean emergence, and the cumulative effects of suboptimal seedbed temperatures during emergence on crop phenology and yield. Selected dry bean cultivars were planted in mid- and late May when seedbed temperatures were below and above the suboptimal temperature (15°C), respectively, at Saskatoon, SK. Emergence, cumulative thermal units to anthesis and maturity, seed yield, yield components and percent frost-damaged seeds were evaluated in 1999 and 2000. The final seedling count at 30 d after planting was 81% for the mid-May planting and 94% for the late May planting. However, the difference in plant stand was not statistically significant. Year-to-year differences in weather influenced the response of dry bean to planting date for maturity and seed yield. The mid-May planting produced the highest seed yield in 1999, when the two indeterminate cultivars in the late May planting failed to mature prior to the mid September frost. The mid-September frost also resulted in a high percent frost-damaged seeds for the late May planting. In 2000, when the first fall frost was in late September, maturity and seed yield of dry bean cultivars were equivalent for planting dates. The mid-May planted dry bean cultivars will result in higher seed yield and quality compared to the conventional late May planting in years with an early fall frost. Key words: Dry bean, seeding date, low temperature, emergence, maturity

scholarly journals Greening of potato tubers after harvest: effect of planting date and cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e105973971
Author(s):  
Vlandiney Eschemback ◽  
Aline Marques Genú ◽  
Jackson Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
And Storage

The different potato planting dates in southern Brazil have different climatic factors that affect the yield and quality of the tubers produced. The objective of this work was to test the effect of planting date and potato cultivars on the postharvest greening of tubers. The treatments consisted of three planting dates (October, December, and February) and three potato cultivars (Agata, BRS Clara, and BRS F63 Camila). It was observed that the tubers harvested in February were less susceptible to greening, probably due to the higher physiological maturity of the tubers produced in this planting date. Tubers of cv. BRS Clara had lower greening than the tubers of the other cultivars. In addition to the light conditions, the cultivar and storage air temperature are also important factors that affect greening rates. Care must be taken with these factors to avoid losses of tubers by greening.

PENGARUH WAKTU TANAM SORGUM PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI TEMBAKAU TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS DAN KIMIAWI TEMBAKAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
ABDUL RACHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total P

<p>Percobaan lapang telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, 1992, untuk mcmpelajai sifat-sifat agronomis dan kimiawi tembakau pada berbagai waktu tanam sorgum pada sistem tumpangsai tembakau + sorgum. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dai 5 taraf waktu tanam sorgum yaitu 4 dan 2 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau, bersamaan dengan waktu tanam tembakau, 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau. Ukuran petak 10.8 m x 12.0 m. dengan 240 tanaman tembakau per petak dan 720 tanaman sorgum per petak. Analisis N, P, K, nikotin, dan gula beturut- turut dengan Kyeldhal, Spektrofotometi, Flamefotometi, Titrasi dengan NaOH dan Luff-Schroll. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan mempcrcepat waktu tanam sorgum dari 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau menjadi 4 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau sangat menurunkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu. Scbaliknya perlakuan tersebut meningkat¬ kan kadar N-total, P, dan K, dan hasil sorgum tumpangsai, serta tidak berpengaruh pada kadar nikotin, gula, nisbah/nikotin, dan N/nikotin tembakau. Pada keadaan kering yang dialami oleh percobaan ini walaupun hasil tembakau rendah namun mutu hasil masih dalam kisaran yang baik dan persaingan dikuasai oleh tanaman sorgum.</p><p>Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, sorgum bicolor, tumpangsai, waktu tanam</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Agronomics and chemicals properties of tobacco under different planting dates ofsorghum in tobacco -Horghum intercropping system</strong></p><p>The ield expeiment was conducted at Pekuwon Expeimental Station, Bojonegoro, in 1992, to study the agronomic and chemical propeties of tobacco grown under diferent planting dates of sorghum in tobacco+sorghum intercropping system. The expeiment was arranged in randomized block design, with 6 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels of sorghum planting, 2 and 4 weeks ater tobacco planting. Plot size was 10.8 m x 12.0 m, with 240 and 720 plants of tobacco and sorghum respectively. The methods for analyses N, P, K, nicotine and sugar analyses were Kyeldhal, Spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, Titration with NaOH, and Luf-Schroll, respectively. The growth, yield, and quality of tobacco were decreased sharply, but the N, P, K contents of the leaves were increased by accelerating planting date of sorghum from 4 weeks ater to 4 weeks before tobacco planting. The content of nicotine, sugar, sugar/nicotine. N/nicotine of the leaves were not afected by this treatment. In dry condition, although the yield of tobacco was low, but the quality was in good category, and the competition in tobacco ♦ sorghum intercropping system was dominated by sorghum.</p><p>Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, sorghum bicolor, intercropping, planting date</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Genotype, Planting Date, and Spacing on Zoysiagrass Establishment from Vegetative Plugs

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Sladek ◽  
Gerald M. Henry ◽  
Dick L. Auld
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Establishment Rate

Slow growth and establishment rate has become a major limitation to the increased use of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) as a turfgrass surface. Two separate field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of genotype, planting date, and plug spacing on zoysiagrass establishment. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to quantify the establishment rate of six zoysiagrass genotypes from vegetative plugs. ‘Meyer’ exhibited the largest plug diameter (22 cm) 6 weeks after planting (WAP). In contrast, ‘Diamond’ exhibited the smallest plug diameter (13 cm) 6 WAP. A similar trend was observed 12 WAP. ‘Meyer’, ‘Zorro’, and ‘Shadow Turf’ exhibited the largest plug diameters (60, 58, and 57 cm, respectively) 12 WAP. In contrast, ‘Emerald’ and ‘Diamond’ exhibited the smallest plug diameters (41 and 40 cm, respectively) 12 WAP. Although statistically different, all zoysiagrass genotypes reached similar establishment 18 WAP indicating that plugging these genotypes in a comparable environment and using techniques described in this research may result in analogous long-term (18 weeks) establishment. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the optimum planting date and plug spacing of ‘Shadow Turf’ zoysiagrass. ‘Shadow Turf’ zoysiagrass plugs planted on 28 July 2006 (11% to 65% cover) and 14 June 2007 (5% to 39% cover) exhibited the greatest increase in turfgrass cover 6 WAP, except for plugs planted 15.2 cm apart on 26 May 2006 (74% cover). Zoysiagrass cover was greatest for plugs planted on 26 May 2006 (63% to 100%) and 17 May 2007 (46% to 97%) 16 WAP regardless of plug spacing. These planting dates corresponded to the highest accumulative growing degree-days (GDD) experienced by all planting dates in both years. Plugs planted on 15.2-cm centers exhibited the greatest zoysiagrass cover 6 and 16 WAP regardless of planting date. Using late spring/early summer planting dates and 15.2- to 30.5-cm plug spacings may result in the quickest turfgrass cover when establishing ‘Shadow Turf’ zoysiagrass from plugs.

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Rahim Mohammadian ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽  
Peyvand Samimifar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

scholarly journals Impact of Row Spacing and Planting Date on the Canopy Environment, Abundance of Lesser Cornstalk Borer and Other Arthropods, and Incidence of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Peanuts

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
S. D. Stewart ◽  
K. L. Boweri ◽  
T. P. Mack ◽  
J. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Elasmopalpus Lignosellus ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Abstract Three row spacings and two planting dates for peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., were examined in 1993 and 1994 to determine the influence of the canopy environment on lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other arthropods, and alflatoxigenic fungi. Climatically, 1993 and 1994 were disparate years. Decreasing row spacing increased relative leaf area and light interception by the canopy but, compared to difference between planting dates or years, had a relatively small impact on soil temperatures and relative humidity within the canopy. Late planting produced smaller plants, retarded canopy development, and reduced yield in both years, but especially in 1993 when it was hot and dry. The wide row spacing did not yield as well as twin and normal row spacings in either year. Lesser cornstalk borer damage and aflatoxin concentration were higher in the late planting than in the early planting of 1993, but were unaffected by row spacing. Fewer predatory arthropods were caught as row spacing decreased in both beat and pitfall samples, but planting date had variable effects. Prevailing climatic conditions and planting date appeared to be more important in influencing the canopy environment and pest densities than was row spacing.

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