scholarly journals Rooting and Overwintering Stem Cuttings of Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. Relevant to Hormone, Media, and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2124-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Nair ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
John Smagula ◽  
Dongyan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Garden Plant ◽  
Water Holding

Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. (Japanese Stewartia), a member of Theaceae (tea family), is an excellent garden plant with ornamental features for all four seasons. Reproduction difficulty, however, limits its popularity. We conducted three experiments to ascertain the optimum conditions needed for rooting and subsequent overwintering of semihardwood Stewartia pseudocamellia cuttings. Cuttings were collected in July and prepared for rooting using two types of hormones (KIBA quick dip and Hormodin powder) and three media (Perlite + ProMix, Perlite + Perennial Mix, or Perlite + ProMix + Perennial Mix). Rooted cuttings were overwintered at four different temperatures. The best overwintering temperature was 5 °C, at which 65.6% of newly rooted cuttings survived. Temperatures lower than –12.2 °C were detrimental to the plants. Without cold treatment, only 21.9% of the rooted cuttings survived, which was three times lower than those that received 5 °C treatments. Plants rooted in Perlite + Perennial Mix had 61.8% overwintering survival, which is significantly higher than Perlite + ProMix. The quality of roots, indicated by total root length per cutting, was higher (104.3 cm) with Perlite + Perennial Mix, but not statistically significant. Cuttings treated with rooting hormones had higher rooting percentages (71.9% to 93.6%) as compared with the control (53%). For the same concentration (8000 mg·L−1), liquid (KIBA) and liquid + powder (KIBA + indole-3-butyric acid) rooting hormones resulted in better rooting percentages than powder (Hormodin) alone, although there was no statistical difference in rooting percentages among rooting hormone treatments. The best hormone for subsequent overwintering survival was the combination of quick dip (5000 mg·L−1 KIBA) and Hormodin #2 (0.3% a. i.; equivalent to 3000 mg·L−1). It resulted in 64.2% survival, significantly higher than for KIBA quick dip (8000 mg·L−1 a.i.) or Hormodin #3 (0.8% a. i.; equivalent to 8000 mg·L−1) alone. Our results suggest that reproduction (rooting and overwintering) of Stewartia was affected by many factors. We recommend rooting Stewartia in media that has good aeration and moderate water-holding capacity and overwintering them at ≈5 °C.

scholarly journals Rooting Softwood Cuttings of Leyland Cypress Outdoors Under Shade

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Scott A. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Substrate Fertility

Abstract Stem cuttings of Leyland cypress [x Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks], were rooted to determine the effect of A) date of collection, rooting substrate, and mist frequency, B) auxin formulation and concentration, C) rooting substrate, D) substrate fertility, and E) type of cutting and auxin concentration. Results were best for misting intervals of 5 to 7 min during the day, but 10 min was also adequate. Rooting was comparable for softwood cuttings collected in late May or late June. Powder and liquid auxin formulations, which both contained indolebutyric acid (IBA), yielded similar results. Cuttings that were more lignified (light tan color) at the bases benefited the most from higher concentrations [≈ 8000 ppm (0.8%)] of IBA in talc, whereas less mature cuttings (green at the bases) rooted in highest percentages with lower concentrations [≈ 3000 ppm (0.3%)]. Rooting was similar in substrates with a peat:perlite ratio (v/v) of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4, whereas results were less satisfactory in 100% perlite. Controlled release fertilizer [1.8 kg/m3 (4 lb/yd3)] in the rooting substrate did not affect rooting percent, but greatly increased root mass and quality of rooted cuttings. Doubling the rate resulted in little additional improvement. Rooting was comparable for vigorous side shoots (1st-order laterals) and tips from vigorous upright branches (primary axes) of similar maturity.

Effects of Different Temperatures on Storage Quality of Heavily Salted Cod (Gadus morhua)

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh V Nguyen ◽  
Asbjorn Jonsson ◽  
Kristin A Thorarinsdottir ◽  
Sigurjon Arason ◽  
Gudjon Thorkelsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Cooking Yield

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different storage temperatures (+2°C, -4°C, -12°C, -18°C and -24°C) and time (0, 1, 3 and 6 weeks) on the quality of heavily salted cod. The color, water content, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine (TMA) of the samples were determined. Results showed that the whiteness of the salted cod decreased slightly, whereas the yellow/orange color increased during the storage period. The WHC and cooking yield increased and were inversely related to water content. The TVB-N value increased slightly, whilst a lightly decrease in TMA value was observed. Storage at -4°C and lower temperatures had a detrimental influence on the color of the product which is the main quality criterion for salted cod. Therefore, it is not suitable to store the product at -4°C or lower temperatures.

Growth and development of eastern white pine rooted cuttings compared with seedlings through 8 years of age

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Steven E. McKeand
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
System Quality ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

Container-grown rooted stem cuttings from 13 eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) clones were paired with open-pollinated bare-root seedlings to compare growth through age 8 years of the two stock types. Before planting, measures of root system quality (number of roots per cutting, root distribution, and weighted root score) were recorded for each ramet to relate growth to initial root system quality. Rooted cuttings had higher survival than seedlings through year 8, 78 vs. 68%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Rooted cuttings were significantly shorter than seedlings after age 4 years, with differences between stock types increasing in magnitude through year 8. Measures of root system quality of rooted cuttings were not significantly correlated with survival or growth at any age.

Influence of Temperature and Gibberellins on Growth and Development of Tuberose in Greenhouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Jing Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Jie Xu ◽  
Jian Ke Li ◽  
Jun Xuan Huang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Forcing Culture

In order to advance blooming from autumn to spring and to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of tuberose, the forcing culture was carried out in greenhouse by treatments of temperature (ck, 4 °C, and 30 °C) and GA3 (0, 40, and 80 mg·L1)on corms before planting. The results showed that number of days to flower with corms treated at 4 or 30 °C was reduced and the corm sprouting was enhanced significantly in all planting dates. High temperature treatment made more corms sprouting than cold treatment except the Dec planting. Flowering percentage at 4 °C was enhanced in the Dec planting compared with CK (15 °C). Low temperature treatment significantly reduced length of spikes in Oct planting. The number of florets per spike was decreased significantly by the low or high temperature treatments in both Oct and Dec plantings. There was no difference in floret number under different temperatures except Oct plantings. GA3 had no significant effects on flowering duration when corms were planted at the same dates. GA3 had less influence on growth and flowering of Double compared with the temperature treatment. The quality of cutting flowers was decreased in greenhouse compared with local field production. Therefore, the forcing cultivation of tuberose may be performed with Double and no man-forced winter dormancy of corm treated at 4 °C for 30 days or 30 °C for 15 days before planting.

scholarly journals Rooting of black raspberry with plant growth regulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Diego Ricardo Stumm ◽  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Jaqueline Menegusso ◽  
Giovana Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings

ABSTRACT: The framboseira-negra has a potential for cultivation in Brazil, due to the fact that this fruit produces high quantities of fruits, which confer a high quality jelly. However, their propagation is an obstacle to the establishment of commercial plantations. Production and expansion of a fruit is directly linked to the propagation method and the quality of its development. Given the above, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of stem cuttings and IBA in asexual propagation of black raspberry. Two experiments being conducted in greenhouse conditions were performed. Stem cuttings were taken from didactic orchard, with matrix plant of four years, which were the experiments. The first experiment was carried out in factorial 3x2, with cuttings taken from three regions of the plant branch matrix (apical, median and basal) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), containing four repetitions and fifteen cuttings per repetition. The second experiment consisted of a 4x2, with four sizes of cuttings (5, 10, 15 and 20cm) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), with four replications and fifteen cuttings by repetition. After eighty days, the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), average number of roots and shoots for cuttings, the longest root length (cm) and fresh and dry biomass of shoots (g) were assessed. Best results in the formation of root system were observed in middle and apical stem cuttings. Stem Cuttings between 10 and 20cm obtained better results for rooting. There is no need to use IBA rooting of cuttings of black raspberry.

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

Proteinase and phospholipase activities and development at different temperatures of yeasts isolated from bovine milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A Melville ◽  
Nilson R Benites ◽  
Monica Ruz-Peres ◽  
Eugenio Yokoya
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Means Of Transmission

The presence of yeasts in milk may cause physical and chemical changes limiting the durability and compromising the quality of the product. Moreover, milk and dairy products contaminated by yeasts may be a potential means of transmission of these microorganisms to man and animals causing several kinds of infections. This study aimed to determine whether different species of yeasts isolated from bovine raw milk had the ability to develop at 37°C and/or under refrigeration temperature. Proteinase and phospholipase activities resulting from these yeasts were also monitored at different temperatures. Five genera of yeasts (Aureobasidium sp., Candida spp., Geotrichum spp., Trichosporon spp. and Rhodotorula spp.) isolated from bovine raw milk samples were evaluated. All strains showed one or a combination of characteristics: growth at 37°C (99·09% of the strains), psychrotrophic behaviour (50·9%), proteinase production (16·81% of the strains at 37°C and 4·09% under refrigeration) and phospholipase production (36·36% of the isolates at 37°C and 10·9% under refrigeration), and all these factors may compromise the quality of the product. Proteinase production was similar for strains incubated at 37°C (16·81% of the isolates) and room temperature (17·27%) but there was less amount of phospholipase-producing strains at room temperature (15·45% of the isolates were positive) when compared with incubation at 37°C (36·36%). Enzymes production at 37°C by yeasts isolated from milk confirmed their pathogenic potential. The refrigeration temperature was found to be most efficient to inhibit enzymes production and consequently ensure better quality of milk. The viability of yeasts and the activity of their enzymes at different temperatures are worrying because this can compromise the quality of dairy products at all stages of production and/or storage, and represent a risk to the consumer.

Textural characteristics and sensory evaluation of yogurt fortified with pectin extracted from steeped hawthorn wine pomace

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiang ◽  
Jinhua Du ◽  
Liguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Textural Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Rupture Distance ◽  
Better Than

AbstractTo comparatively investigate the applications potential of pectin from steeped hawthorn wine pomace (SHP), pectin-enriched yogurt was produced at set/stirred form using apple-sourced commercial pectin (CP) as control. The focus was mainly on the effect of pectins on the texture and stability of yogurt, as well as the analysis of appearance and taste, which were mainly characterized by texture analysis and sensory evaluation. Texture analysis indicated that the performance of SHP was better than that of CP, which could increase the gel rupture strength and rupture distance of set yogurt. SHP could also improve the firmness, denseness and viscosity of stirred yogurt. In other respects, SHP could also significantly increase the water holding capacity and sensory acceptance of both types of yogurt. The utilization of SHP for improving the quality of yogurt demonstrated its great potential in developing the sustainable applications of the by-product from steeped hawthorn wine.

A Comparative Study of Soldering Temperatures and Materials on the Reliability of Photovoltaic Modules

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Keh Moh Lin ◽  
Yang Hsien Lee ◽  
Wen Yeong Huang ◽  
Po Chun Hsu ◽  
Chin Yang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Snagcu Solder ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Free Solder

To find out the important factors which decisively affect the soldering quality of photovoltaic modules, solar cells were soldered under different conditions (different temperatures, PbSn vs. SnAgCu solder, manual vs. semi-automatic). Experimental results show that the soldering quality of PbSn under 350°C in the semi-automatic soldering process was quite stable while the soldering quality of lead-free solder was generally unacceptable in the manual or semi-automatic process under different temperatures. This result indicates that the soldering process with lead-free solder still needs to be further improved. It was also found that most cracks were formed on the interface between the solder and the silver paste and then expanded outwards.

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