Ambiol Preconditioning Can Induce Drought Tolerance in Abscisic Acid-deficient Tomato Seedlings

Ambiol, a derivative of 5-hydroxybenzimidazole, has been well documented to function as a growth promoter, an antistress compound, and an antioxidant when applied as a seed preconditioning agent. However, evidence suggests that Ambiol decreases transpiration and promotes root growth similar to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), leading to the development of the hypothesis that Ambiol promotes drought resistance through an ABA-dependent pathway. The effect of 0 mg·L−1 and 10 mg·L−1 was tested on wild-type tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Scotia), ABA-deficient flacca tomato seedlings, and ABA-inhibited (with fluridone) tomato seedlings. In both fluridone-treated and flacca seedlings, Ambiol preconditioning resulted in significant increases in shoot growth, root growth, leaf area, and plant height consistent with gains experienced by wild-type tomatoes. In addition, flacca tomatoes experienced increases in photosynthesis and water use efficiency consistent with wild-type tomatoes. Ambiol was able to confer benefits to drought-stressed tomatoes in ABA-deficient and ABA-inhibited conditions, suggesting that Ambiol functions through an ABA-independent pathway.

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Target Tissue for Napropamide Inhibition: Effects on Green and White Callus Cultures and Seedlings

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500064870 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 711-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Zilkah ◽

P. F. Bocion ◽

J. Gressel

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Rumex Obtusifolius ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Green Tissue

We previously reported that napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] was highly toxic to achlorophyllous callus of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘San Marzano’), whereas foliar application to seedlings was almost without effect. Experiments were performed to ascertain the effects of napropamide on green and achlorophyllous calli of tomato and broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.). The growth of achlorophyllous tissues was more severely inhibited. Foliar applications were not as inhibitory in both species. Napropamide was applied to tomato seedlings via roots and cut shoots and root growth was more inhibited than shoot growth. Thus napropamide is toxic to achlorophyllous tissue and is either less toxic to, or detoxified by green tissue.

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Contribution of the TROLC gene to the regulation of tobacco growth in response to stress factors.

Biomics ◽

10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2021-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 360-367

Author(s):

B.R. Kuluev ◽

Kh.G. Musin ◽

E.A. Baimuhametova

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Cadmium Acetate ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Wild Type ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Response To Stress

The trolC gene refers to plast genes that have entered the genome of Nicotiana tabacum as a probable result of horizontal transfer from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. It was shown that the trolC gene is expressed in young tissues of wild type tobacco; however, the physiological functions of the product of this gene remain largely unknown. The aim of our work was to obtain transgenic tobacco plants expressing a fragment of the trolC gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter in an antisense orientation and to assess the growth parameters of their roots under the action of abiotic stress factors. For morphometric analysis, 8 lines of transgenic plants were used. The analysis of root growth under the action of sodium chloride (100 mM), cadmium acetate (100 μM) and hypothermia (12°C) was conducted. Transgenic plants were characterized by improved shoot growth parameters under normal conditions. The roots of transgenic plants grew more slowly under normal conditions and under the action of cadmium and hypothermia than in wild type plants. The product of trolC gene has a negative effect on shoot growth, a positive effect on root growth, and also participates in the regulation and maintenance of root growth under the action of cadmium and hypothermia.

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Napropamide Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Corn (Zea mays) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500040297 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 697-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael Barrett ◽

Floyd M. Ashton

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Root Tissue ◽

Tomato Root ◽

Corn Roots ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Absorption Studies ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Napropamide [2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] inhibited root and shoot growth in corn (Zea maysL. ‘NC+ 59’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Niagara VF315’) seedlings. Shoot growth was reduced less than root growth in both species. Corn roots were approximately 10 times more sensitive to napropamide than were tomato roots. Translocation of napropamide from the roots to the shoot of tomato occurred within 0.5 h and followed an apoplastic pattern. Little movement of napropamide from the roots to the shoots occurred in corn. Metabolism of napropamide was not evident in either species during an 8-h exposure. Absorption studies showed that total napropamide levels were 60% higher in corn root tissue than in tomato root tissue. The greater napropamide content in the corn roots was associated with a tightly bound fraction of the total napropamide influx.

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Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene TPPI enhances drought tolerance by regulating stomatal apertures

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (14) ◽

pp. 4285-4297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qingfang Lin ◽

Song Wang ◽

Yihang Dao ◽

Jianyong Wang ◽

Kai Wang

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Primary Root ◽

Stomatal Aperture ◽

Wild Type ◽

Trehalose Metabolism ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Responsive Element ◽

Primary Root Length

Abstract Transpiration occurs through stomata. The alteration of stomatal apertures in response to drought stress is an important process associated with water use efficiency (WUE). Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) family genes have been reported to participate in adjustment of stomatal aperture. However, there have been no reports of the trehalose metabolism pathway genes improving WUE, and the upstream signalling pathway modulating these genes is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that a member of the TPP gene family, AtTPPI, confers drought resistance and improves WUE by decreasing stomatal apertures and improving root architecture. The reduced expression of AtTPPI caused a drought-sensitive phenotype, while its overexpression significantly increased drought tolerance. Abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure experiments confirmed that AtTPPI mutation increased the stomatal aperture compared with that of wild-type plants; in contrast, overexpression plants had smaller stomatal apertures than those of wild-type plants. Moreover, AtTPPI mutation also caused stunted primary root length and compromised auxin transport, while overexpression plants had longer primary root lengths. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed that ABA-responsive element-binding factor1 (ABF1), ABF2, and ABF4 directly regulated AtTPPI expression. In summary, the way in which AtTPPI responds to drought stress suggests that AtTPPI-mediated stomatal regulation is an important mechanism to cope with drought stress and improve WUE.

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102 EFFECT OF BACKFILL AND PLANTING BED AMENDMENTS ON GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF ACER RUBRUM

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.442g ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 442g-443

Author(s):

Timothy J. Smalley ◽

Carleton B. Wood

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Nitrogen Deficiency ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

First Year ◽

Native Soil ◽

Expanded Shale

Commonly used planting techniques and soil amendments were compared to determine their effect on root growth, shoot growth, and drought tolerance of 2.5 cm caliper Acer rubrum. Study I: Trees were planted on 6 April 1992 into holes backfilled with 1) native soil, 2) 50% aged pine bark: 50% native soil, 3) 50% Mr. Natural™:50% native soil, or 4) 100% Mr. Natural™. Mr. Natural™ consists of granite sand, expanded shale, and composted poultry litter. After two years, no differences in growth or survival existed. Study II: On 8 April 1992, trees were planted in 1) unamended planting holes, 2) tilled planting beds, or 3) tilled and pine bark-amended planting beds. Five months after planting, the root growth in the tilled and tilled-amended beds did not differ, but both had more root growth than planting holes. Amendment-induced nitrogen deficiency reduced shoot growth of the tilled-amended treatment during the first year. After two years, the planting hole treatment exhibited the least shoot growth, while shoot growth of tilled and tilled-amended treatments did not differ. StudyIII: Selected trees in study II were drought stressed for 8 weeks beginning 4 August 1993. No differences in relative leaf water content among treatments were observed Results suggest that native soil should be used as backfill in planting holes; however, tilling a planting bed increases root and shoot growth compared to planting in a hole. Amending beds with pine bark did not increase growth or drought tolerance.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Preconditioning of Small-plug Seedlings Influence Processing Tomato Productivity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.6.655 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 655-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ronald W. Garton ◽

Irvin E. Widders

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Root Growth ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Shoot Tissue ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Seedlings of processing tomato `H 2653' (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were cultured in 288-cell (< 6 cm3 volume) plug trays in a soilless growing medium. Pretransplant fertilization with nutrient solutions containing 10 or 20 mm N and 2 or 5 mm P for 10 days altered the total ammoniacal-N and P, and the soluble NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in the shoot tissue at transplanting. Post-transplanting shoot and root growth were more rapid in late May plantings than in earlier plantings. The 20-mm N and 2-mm P pretransplant treatment caused the most rapid shoot growth following early season plantings in the field. Rapid seedling establishment after transplanting was generally not a good indicator of potential fruit yield. The 5-mm P pretransplant treatment produced higher marketable fruit yields in early plantings but not in later. Culture of seedlings under a low fertilization regime (5.4 mm N, 1.0 mm P, and 1.6 mm K) before pretransplant treatment produced as high or higher fruit yields than did seedlings from a higher regimen. Withholding fertilizer temporarily before transplanting resulted in a depletion in tissue N and P concentrations, slow post-transplanting shoot growth, and lower yields.

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Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants in Response to Age of Transplants

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.416 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 416-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daniel I. Leskovar ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽

Peter J. Stoffella

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Total Yield ◽

Production Costs ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Chl A ◽

Over Time

Studies were conducted to evaluate growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in the field in response to age of transplants in Spring and Fall 1989. Transplants were 2 (2W), 3 (3W), 4 (4W), 5 (SW), or 6 (6W) weeks old. Drip and subseepage irrigation were used. In spring, older transplants produced more shoot and root growth up to 2 (T2) weeks after transplanting. At 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) weeks after transplanting, there were no differences between 4W, 5W, and 6W transplants. These trends were independent of irrigation systems. Total yield and early yield were similar for all transplant ages. In fall, shoot growth increased linearly with increasing transplant age at TO, but not thereafter. Chlorophyll a + b increased over time, but no treatment differences were found at T4. At planting, 2W transplants had a higher Chl a: b ratio than older transplants. This difference was reduced at T1 and T2 and became insignificant at T4. These results indicate that no improvement in yields was obtained using the traditional older transplants. Younger transplants might be used to achieve rapid seedling establishment with-minimal transplant production costs.

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Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling in Plants: Key Targets to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanda A. Cardoso ◽

Antonella Gori ◽

Cristiane J. Da-Silva ◽

Cecilia Brunetti

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Crop Species ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Aba Biosynthesis ◽

Made In

The observation of a much-improved fitness of wild-type plants over abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants during drought has led researchers from all over to world to perform experiments aiming at a better understanding of how this hormone modulates the physiology of plants under water-limited conditions. More recently, several promising approaches manipulating ABA biosynthesis and signaling have been explored to improve water use efficiency and confer drought tolerance to major crop species. Here, we review recent progress made in the last decade on (i) ABA biosynthesis, (ii) the roles of ABA on plant-water relations and on primary and secondary metabolisms during drought, and (iii) the regulation of ABA levels and perception to improve water use efficiency and drought tolerance in crop species.

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Tuning water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in wheat using abscisic acid receptors

Nature Plants ◽

10.1038/s41477-019-0361-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Ryosuke Mega ◽

Fumitaka Abe ◽

June-Sik Kim ◽

Yuuri Tsuboi ◽

Keisuke Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Use Efficiency

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Dormancy and Root Regeneration of Northern Red Oak

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x75-025 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. E. Farmer Jr

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Starch Content ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Northern Red Oak ◽

Root Regeneration ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Hydrolysis Of

In a greenhouse forcing study, root regeneration was correlated with shoot growth, which began with increasing rapidity as chilling requirements were met. Root growth was stimulated by factors originating in the stem of both dormant and growing plants, though root regeneration during physiological dormancy was limited. Auxins applied to decapitated plants stimulated root regeneration while inhibiting shoot growth; gibberellic acid, kinetin, ethylene, and abscisic acid had no direct effect upon root regeneration. The starch content of roots averaged 41% during dormancy, and major hydrolysis of starch was dependent upon initiation of shoot elongation.

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