scholarly journals Application of Composted Poultry Litter as a Fertilizer for Landscape Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
H. Allen Torbert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Each year, over 16 million tons of poultry litter is produced in the United States. Federal and state regulations now limit the amount of poultry litter that can be land-applied, making it difficult to store and dispose of poultry litter. The objective of this study was to evaluate composted poultry litter (CPL) as a fertilizer source for bedding plants at various rates in comparison with commercially available inorganic fertilizers in regard to plant growth and nutrient leaching. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate use of CPL as fertilizer for landscape annual bedding plants. Petunia spp. ‘Celebrity Red’ and Verbena hybrida ‘Quartz Scarlet’ were planted in raised beds simulating an urban landscape. Before planting, 10 inorganic fertilizer or CPL treatments were incorporated into the raised beds, including Peafowl® brand garden-grade fertilizer 13N–5.6P–10.9K (13-13-13) at rates of 4.9 g N/m2 and 9.8 g N/m2, Polyon® 13N–5.6P–10.9K (13-13-13) at rates of 4.9 g N/m2 and 9.8 g N/m2, and CPL at rates of 4.9 g N/m2, 9.8 g N/m2, 19.6 g N/m2, 29.4 g N/m2, 39.2 g N/m2, and 49 g N/m2. Use of CPL incorporated into landscape planting beds as a fertilizer source resulted in plants equal to or larger than plants grown with conventional inorganic fertilizers. Nitrate (NO3) and ammonia (NH4) levels in leachates from plots amended with CPL were comparable with plots amended with commercial inorganic fertilizers and nitrogen (N) levels were in most cases less in plots fertilized with CPL when compared with inorganic fertilizers when the same N rate was applied. Composted poultry litter may not be able to fully replace inorganic fertilizers, but it can reduce inorganic fertilizer requirements and provide an environmentally sound alternative to poultry waste disposal as well as provide beneficial aspects for plant growth in annual bedding plants.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF CELERY PLANT(Apium graviolens L.) TO THE REDUCTION OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER WITH DECANTER CAKE USAGE

Agric ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Made Deviani Duaja
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Decanter Cake ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this research was to find out the response of celery plants when inorganic fertilizers are reduced and substituted with oil palm decanter cake mill waste. This research was conducted at Farmer’s Field in Tangkit Baru Village, Sungai Gelam Sub-district, Muaro Jambi Regency, uses Randomized Block Design with one factor ie decanter cake and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) consists of 7 levels, namely: 100% NPK Fertilizer (as recommended 200 kg urea / ha, 150 kg / ha SP-36, 200 kg / ha KCl ), decanter cake 15 ton / ha, 20 ton / ha, decanter cake 15 ton / ha + 75% dose of NPK (25% reduction of NPK dosage), decanter cake 15 ton / ha + 50% dose of NPK (50% reduction of NPK dose ), decanter cake 20 ton / ha + 75% dose of NPK (25% reduction NPK dose), decanter cake 20 ton / ha + 50% dose of NPK (50% reduction of NPK dose). The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of stems per hill, fresh weight per plant and plant growth rate. The results showed, that plant response to the reduction of 50% inorganic fertilizer substituted with decanter cake 15 tons per hectare gave the best celery fresh weight , leaves number and the highest celery stems number. For plant height parameters and the highest plant growth rate indicated that there was no significant difference between 15 tons per hectare and 20 tons per hectare of decanter cake at 50 percent reduction of inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals 371 Influence of Inorganic and Organically Based Fertilizers on Plant Growth and Nutrient Leaching

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 456C-456
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James H. Edwards ◽  
Gary J. Keever
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Selected fertilizer treatments were applied to vinca (Catharanthus roseus `Peppermint Cooler') in the landscape to determine their effect on growth and nutrient leaching. In plots 0.9 m × 2.3 m, inorganic fertilizers were applied as either a single application of 4.9 g N/m2 pre-plant, or a split application with 4.9 g N/m2 applied pre-plant followed by application of 2.45 g N/m2 at 8 and 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Inorganic fertilizers included 15N–0P–12.6K granular fertilizer, Osmocote 14N–6.0P–11.6K, and Osmocote 17N–3.0P–10.1K controlled-release fertilizers. Three different organically based fertilizers were applied pre-plant and were composed of recycled newspaper amended with animal manures (chicken, beef cattle, or dairy) and adjusted with (NH4)2SO4 to achieve C:N ratios of either 20:1 or 30:1. A standard industry treatment of 13N–5.6P–10.9K (4.9 g N/m2) incorporated pre-plant and 17N–3.0P–10.1K (4.9 g N/m2) topdressed post-plant was also included. Leachates, collected with lysimeters, from inorganic fertilizer plots had lower levels of total N (NO3– + NH4+) compared to organically based fertilizer plots through 8 WAP. Of the inorganic fertilizer plots, those receiving 15N–0P–12.6K granular fertilizer had higher total N levels at 1, 2, and 4 WAP than other inorganic fertilizer plots. Total N in leachates declined over the study and by 12 WAP were similar among all treatments. Vinca treated with organically based fertilizers (C:N 20:1) had the highest foliar color ratings through 8 WAP; however, color ratings declined thereafter and by 16 WAP had the lowest ratings. Plants treated with organically based fertilizers had greater shoot dry weights 20 WAP and larger growth indices 8 and 20 WAP.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Virulence of Bipolaris hawaiiensis on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) on Poultry Waste Application Sites in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1206-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
International Mycological Institute ◽  
Smith County

Bipolaris hawaiiensis has been reported on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and other Cynodon spp. from subtropical areas around the world (2). This pathogen has not previously been reported on bermudagrass in North America (1) nor has its virulence been compared with that of other Bipolaris spp. on this host. In July and October 1999, frequencies of dematiaceous hyphomycetous pathogens in live but symptomatic leaves of bermudagrass were determined on two poultry waste application sites in Smith and Covington counties, MS, where foliar disease symptoms were widespread. Common bermudagrass was being grazed in Covington County, and cv. Alicia was being grown for hay in Smith County. At each date and site, 100 stems with leaves exhibiting symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis were collected, and a single leaf with well-developed symptoms from each stem was assayed for pathogens by surface-disinfesting, plating on water agar, and observing fungal sporulation. Multiple species of pathogens were detected on most leaves. Identities and mean frequencies of observed pathogen species across both sites and sampling dates were Exserohilum rostratum (62%), Bipolaris cynodontis (98%), Curvularia lunata (28%), C. geniculata (20%), B. spicifera (3%), and B. hawaiiensis (3%). B. hawaiiensis was detected at both sites and on both sampling dates. It was distinguished from B. cynodontis by smaller conidia (14 to 28 μm long) and from B. spicifera by more than three pseudosepta per conidium. Virulence of B. hawaiiensis on bermudagrass, compared with B. cynodontis and B. spicifera, was assessed in two identical inoculation experiments using three pathogen-inoculated treatments plus an uninoculated control. In each experiment, foliage of 12-week-old plants in five replicate pots per treatment was sprayed with 4 × 104 conidia per ml of water of each pathogen. The pots were incubated under 12-h plant-growth lights at 25°C for 3 days in a water-saturated atmosphere to initiate infection and then grown for seven additional days in ambient air under plant-growth lights at 25°C. All three pathogens induced symptoms of chlorosis and necrotic lesions. Symptoms induced by B. hawaiiensis were similar in severity to those produced by B. spicifera and less severe than those produced by B. cynodontis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. hawaiiensis on bermudagrass in North America. The site in Smith County also apparently represents its northernmost known point of occurrence on this continent (2). References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (2) A. Sivanesan. Graminicolous Species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, Exserohilum and their Teleomorphs. Mycol. Pap. No. 158, CAB International Mycological Institute, Wallingford, U.K., 1987.

scholarly journals Facilitating Prescribed Fire in Northern California through Indigenous Governance and Interagency Partnerships

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tony Marks-Block ◽  
William Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
California Department ◽  
State Regulations

Prescribed burning by Indigenous people was once ubiquitous throughout California. Settler colonialism brought immense investments in fire suppression by the United States Forest Service and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention (CAL FIRE) to protect timber and structures, effectively limiting prescribed burning in California. Despite this, fire-dependent American Indian communities such as the Karuk and Yurok peoples, stalwartly advocate for expanding prescribed burning as a part of their efforts to revitalize their culture and sovereignty. To examine the political ecology of prescribed burning in Northern California, we coupled participant observation of prescribed burning in Karuk and Yurok territories (2015–2019) with 75 surveys and 18 interviews with Indigenous and non-Indigenous fire managers to identify political structures and material conditions that facilitate and constrain prescribed fire expansion. Managers report that interagency partnerships have provided supplemental funding and personnel to enable burning, and that decentralized prescribed burn associations facilitate prescribed fire. However, land dispossession and centralized state regulations undermine Indigenous and local fire governance. Excessive investment in suppression and the underfunding of prescribed fire produces a scarcity of personnel to implement and plan burns. Where Tribes and local communities have established burning infrastructure, authorities should consider the devolution of decision-making and land repatriation to accelerate prescribed fire expansion.

NOVEL BACTERIAL PRODUCER STRAINS FOR INTENSIVE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY LITTER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.А. Frank ◽  
◽  
R.V. Perchenko ◽  
К.S. Savelieva ◽  
А.S. Trushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Producer Strains

Poultry waste composting in natural conditions is a rather slow process. Application of biological preparations based on thermo-tolerant and thermophilic microorganisms can intensify the compost maturation. Novel strains of thermophilic microorganisms — organic matter destructors — were isolated in the current work. The isolates were identified as representatives of Bacillus, Aneurinibacillus, Aeribacillus, and Ureibacillus genera. Isolated strains can be recommended for biological preparations to accelerate composting of poultry litter and other livestock farming waste.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of Rice (Oriza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
P. Sharada ◽  
P. Sujathamma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Rice is the most important staple cereals in human nutrition and consumed by 75% of the global population. Rice plant needs supply of essential nutrients for its optimal growth. Rice production has been increased tremendously in India after green revolution combined with insensitive irrigation and use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. However, the effect of using inorganic fertilizers has resulted in contamination of ground water and decreased the productivity of soil, which in turn affects the rice production in long term. Use of organic manure may help to regain the soil health but they are insufficient to provide the essential nutrients to achieve optimal growth. So, use of organic manures combine with inorganic fertilizers are followed to obtain optimum yields. This study aimed to test the effect of the different organic fertilizer and combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of two cultivars of rice as DRR Dhan 39 and RP.BIO.226. The experiment was conducted on the farm located at Fasalwadi village, Sangareddy district, Telangana during kharif season in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment included two controls and 10 combinations of four organic fertilizers as farmyard manure, vermicompost, Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and inorganic fertilizers as combination of 60:75:75 levels of N, P and K. Grain and straw samples were collected and physical parameters were measured at harvest stage. The results indicated that the variety DRR Dhan 39 gave the statistically significant (P<0.0001) higher grain yield of 8713 kg/ha and straw yield of 9483kg/ha with 50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK. On the other hand, the variety of RP.BIO.226 gave the highest grain yield of 6390 kg/ha with Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagvya 3% (8 t/ha, foliar spray and 500 litres/ha) and highest straw yield of 7430 kg/ha with T10 treatment (50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK). Both varieties of rice poorly responded to inorganic fertilizers with lower grain and straw yield. Statistically significant differences were observed in both varieties of grain crude protein (CP%), straw acid detergent fiber (ADF%), crude fiber (CF%) and acid detergent lignin (ADL%) with different fertilizers

scholarly journals The Role of Enhanced Shale Oil & Gas Recovery in the Us & Development & Pricing of Significant Potential Shale Production in Other Countries Such As South America, Canada, & Europe/Asia2018/2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The Role of Science in Developing Enhanced Oil & Gas Resources, Being Environmentally Sound, & Protecting Water Use • Global transformation with fossil fuel as primary source which have an effect on GDP, export/import changes, and global effects on pricing • History of evolution of oil and gas production in the United States • Global development: European Community, India, China, Brazil, Chile, Argentina and Mexico all have proven reserves • All time high extraction of tight natural gas and oil being environmentally sound and protecting domestic water supplies • Hydraulic fracking below potable water supplies • Drilling Diagrams – Vertical and Horizontal, Proper Casing  Record pace of pipeline construction to supply refineries & terminal ports  Pronounced effect on GDP • Natural gas treatment, delivery, from source to energy deficient countries exported as LNG • Cost subsidies and economic pricing of oil and gas extraction, hydro power, coal, nuclear, wind, and solar. Cost of power by region • There are no “Dry Holes” and more attributes of highly advanced geological technology

scholarly journals Sweet Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Influenced by Organic Fertilization Rate: 1. Plant Growth, and Leaf and Bulb Mineral Composition

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Jesús Bautista ◽  
Gunawati Gunawan ◽  
Anthony Bateman ◽  
Cliff Martin Riner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Onion Plant

Vidalia onions (Allium cepa L.) are sweet, short-day, low pungency, yellow Granex-type bulbs that are popular in the United States because of their mild flavor. There are limited studies on sweet onion plant growth in response to organic fertilization rate. The objective of this report was to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer rates on sweet onion plant growth, and leaf and bulb mineral nutrients. Experiments were carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, in the Winters of 2012–13 and 2013–14. There were five treatments [organic fertilizer 3–2–3 equivalent to 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg·ha−1 nitrogen (N)]. During the season and at the mature plant stage, root, stem, and bulb biomass increased whereas the root-to-shoot ratio decreased with increasing fertilization rate up to 120 kg·ha−1 N. Foliar concentrations of N and Ca decreased whereas Cu concentration increased with increasing organic fertilization rate. Bulb Mg and Mn increased whereas P and Cu decreased with increasing organic fertilization rate. The accumulation of mineral nutrients by onion whole plants increased quadratically (N, P, K, and S) or linearly (Ca and Mg) with increasing fertilization rate. The N use efficiency decreased with increasing organic fertilization rate; the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) decreased quadratically and the marginal yield decreased linearly with increasing fertilization rate. Chlorophyll indices (CI) were highest with 240 kg·ha−1 N and lowest with 0 kg·ha−1 N. In conclusion, onion plant growth increased with increasing organic fertilizer rate probably because of augmented soil N levels. Observation of nutrient deficiencies late in the season, even at high organic fertilization rates, indicates that preplant application of organic fertilizer was sufficient to cover plant nutritional needs only partially and that applications of N fertilizer later in the season may be necessary. High application rates of organic fertilizer (above those required by the crop) may have resulted in significant N leaching because it is unlikely that the crop used most of the N that was mineralized. Bulb concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Cu, and Mn were higher compared with values reported in the literature for onions produced with inorganic fertilizers.

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