scholarly journals Performance of Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Grown in Different Chilean Regions on a Six-year Trial, Part I: Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Phenology

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Yuri ◽  
Claudia Moggia ◽  
Carolina A. Torres ◽  
Alvaro Sepulveda ◽  
Valeria Lepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tree Phenology ◽  
General Tree

Performance of seven apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars (‘Brookfield®Gala’, ‘Galaxy’, ‘Super Chief’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Fuji Raku Raku’, ‘Cripp's Pink’, and ‘Braeburn’) on M.M.106 and M.9 EMLA rootstocks during their first 6 years was evaluated on a multisite trial in Chile. Second-leaf trees were planted in experimental blocks inside commercial orchards located in five major apple-producing areas in Chile (Graneros, San Clemente, Chillan, Angol, and Temuco). Tree height and volume, trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), fruit yield and size distribution, crop load, and tree phenology were assessed annually. In general, tree growth rates by the end of the third year, when they reached the desired height, were similar in all block locations. M.9 EMLA rootstock reduced tree height by ≈20% in ‘Brookfield® Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Galaxy’, and ‘Granny Smith’. This rootstock also had 50% smaller TCAs than M.M.106’s at Year 6 in most cultivars. The highest productions in ‘Brookfield®Gala’, ‘Galaxy’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Cripp's Pink’, and ‘Super Chief’, regardless of rootstock, were obtained in San Clemente and Chillan's blocks. Although M.M. 106 trees delivered higher yields per plant, M.9 EMLA yield efficiency (no. fruit/cm2 TCA) was significantly higher. In general, the higher the latitude (toward south), the later budbreak, full bloom, and harvest occurred.

scholarly journals Evaluation of select cider apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in Ontario. I. Horticultural attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Plotkowski ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Survival Tree

Twenty-eight apple cultivars were selected for their potential for hard cider production in Ontario. An experiment was conducted to evaluate their horticultural potential in the province. After being planted in spring 2015, the trees were evaluated annually for their survival, tree height and spread, trunk growth, flowering dates, flower counts, fruit per tree, pre-harvest drop, crop load, fruit weight, fruit firmness, juicing extraction efficiency, and harvest dates. These horticultural attributes were sufficient to discriminate between cultivars. Additional exploratory analyses indicated a relationship between horticultural attributes and a cultivar’s origin, with British cider cultivars blooming the latest, American cider apples producing the most juice, and French cider cultivars having the highest pre-harvest fruit drop. Cultivars in this study that show promise for continued research in Ontario include Binet Rouge, Bramley’s Seedling, Breakwell, Bulmers Norman, Calville Blanc d’Hiver, Cline Russet, Cox Orange Pippin, Crimson Crisp®, Dabinett, Enterprise, Esopus Spitzenberg, Golden Russet, GoldRush, Medaille d’Or, Porter’s Perfection, and Stoke Red.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637f-637
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

scholarly journals The influence of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar Cacanska rana

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Mirjana Radovic ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Djordje Boskov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency

The paper examines the influence of three clonal rootstocks ('Pixy', 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A') along with seedlings of Myrobalan (control) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar 'Cacanska Rana'. Research was conducted in the area of the Belgrade Danube basin for the six-year period (2013-2018). In comparison to control, all three clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of vigor expressed as a trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the 'Pixy' rootstock, then on 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Regarding the rootstocks 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A', significantly higher fruit set and yields were achieved in comparison to control. Clonal rootstocks induced an increase in the yield per hectare ranging from 72% to 93% compared to Myrobalan. The highest yield efficiency was found in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock, followed by the yields observed in the trees on the 'Pixy' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock. Rootstocks did not show any significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid contents of the fruit. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all three clonal rootstocks showed better results than Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density. The best results in terms of yield and fruit quality were obtained with the 'Fereley' rootstock.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivars on tree growth, yield and quality attributes of apple on espalier architecture under high density planting system

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
K K Srivastava ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
S R Singh ◽  
O C Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Planting System

Annual extension growth (AEG), an indicator of tree vigor, was recorded maximum (145.63 cm) in Granny Smith and minimum (111.04cm) in Spartan, where as correlation matrix showed negative relation between trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and AEG. Granny Smith exhibited maximum (184.09 g) fruit weight and it was minimum (128.68 g) in Spartan, the correlation matrix between fruit weight and yield efficiency exhibited significant positive correlation over the years. Yield tree-1 was maximum (29.45 kg tree-1) in Coe red Fuji and minimum (16.04 kg/tree) in Spartan. Significant and positive correlation coefficient (0.870) observed between yield and TCSA. TCSA has positive correlation with fruit weight and yield efficiency, maximum mean yield efficiency (1.11 kg/cm2) was recorded in Granny Smith. All the cultivars trained on this architecture had high chroma values (color intensity).

scholarly journals Blossom and Fruitlet Thinners Affect Crop Load, Fruit Weight, Seed Number, and Return Bloom of `Northern Spy' Apple

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312
Author(s):  
Douglas Nichols ◽  
Charles Embree ◽  
John Cline ◽  
Hak-Yoon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Return Bloom

To determine the effect of blossom and fruitlet thinners on crop load, fruit weight, seed development during the year of treatment, and the subsequent year effect on return bloom, fruit weight and yield, a field trial using the biennial apple cultivar `Northern Spy' (Malus × domestica Borkh.) was established. Treatments applied at full bloom included ATS (ammonium thiosulphate) [12% (w/v) nitrogen, 26% (w/v) S]; TD [15.9% (w/v) diacarboxylic acid, 5.5% (w/v) dimethylalkylamine salt (Endothal)] and SCY [57% (w/v) pelargonic acid (Scythe)]. At 18 days after full bloom (DAFB), oil treatments [98% (w/v) mineral oil (Superior “70” oil)] were applied with S [480 g·L-1 a.i. carbaryl (Sevin XLR)] and without as a means of increasing the efficacy of S. BA [19 g·L-1 a.i. 6-benzyladenine/1.9 g·L-1 a.i. gibberellins 4+7 (Accel)]; S; and/or SA [100% (w/w) 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid)], were also applied in a factorial arrangement on the same day. Fruit abscission was significantly increased the year of treatment with BA, S, BA + S, BA + SA, S + SA, BA + S + SA, oil, and S + oil. Average fruit weight was enhanced by S, BA + S, BA + SA, S + SA, BA + S + SA, and S + oil although in the latter treatment the crop load was very low. Only treatments that included BA reduced the number of fully developed seeds per fruit and seed number per trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) and increased return bloom. Defining the number of fully developed seeds per tree coupled with crop load is proposed as a predictor of return bloom in `Northern Spy'.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, Efficiency, and Fruit Quality of Five Navel Orange Clones During 4 Years

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez-López ◽  
Carlos J. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Selection Of

Clone 7 can increase three-fold the production of navel oranges in Puerto Rico. Clone 7 produced 293 fruits per tree. The number and weight of fruits per tree increased with age, whereas the size and fruit weight, navel volume and peel weight diminished. Growth measurements such as rootstock and scion diameter, scion/rootstock ratio, canopy diameter, tree height, and canopy volume are not as good parameters for the selection of navel orange clones as the number of fruits per m3 of canopy volume. Screening for varieties according to yield revealed that clones 5 and 7 were the most productive and that they should be recommended to the citrus growers. Clones 5 and 7 also had the highest Brix and acidity values, and an intermediate pH, which contribute to an appropriate Brix/acid ratio, typical of the high quality of these navel clones. The smallest fruits had significantly the highest juice percentage.

scholarly journals Effect of 'Gutingen V' as an intensive training system on agromorphological characters of some apple cultivars in Karaj region of Iran

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour ◽  
Alireza Talaei ◽  
Ali Shahi-Gharahlar
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Apple Cultivars

V-shape systems represent an efficient and popular option to increase yields and fruit quality in fruit trees. Hence, this paper attempts to compare some vegetative and yield characteristics of five apple cultivars grown at horticultural research station in Karaj, Iran. The selected apple cultivars were included: 'Golab-kohans' (Iranian cultivar), 'Fuji', 'Gala', 'Starking' and 'Delbar estival' (commercial foreign cultivars) that were grafted on M.9 rootstock which were trained in a V system. All of these trees were planted in winter 2005. The time of irrigation started from the second experimental year after planting and the method of irrigation was drip irrigation system. Results showed that the 'Golab-kohans' had the most tree height (278.63 cm), trunk cross sectional area (7.308 cm2) and mean shoot length (100.58 cm). Also 'Delbar estival' had the most yield (0.98 kg), yield efficiency (0.550 kg/cm2). Consistently, Results revealed that among the investigated cultivars, 'Delbar estival' can be introduced as a prone and productive cultivar for V system in Karaj's climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Genetically Diverse Peach Seedling Rootstocks Affect Long-term Performance of `Redhaven' Peach on Fox Sand

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Survival

Ten genetically diverse peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] seedling rootstocks were studied for 10 years on Fox sand using `Redhaven' as the scion. The purpose of the experiment was to assess the performance of three Harrow Research Station (Ont.) hybrid selections (H7338013, H7338016, and H7338019) and two northern China introductions (`Chui Lum Tao' and `Tzim Pee Tao') against five commercial standards, two of which were selected in Canada (`Harrow Blood' and `Siberian C') and three in the United States (`Bailey', `Halford', and `Lovell'). Rootstock performance was assessed indirectly by measuring or subjectively rating various aspects of scion performance including annual trunk cross-sectional area (TCA); final tree height, spread, and TCA; bloom and fruit set intensity; yield and yield efficiency; canker (Leucostoma spp.) severity; defoliation rate; winter injury; cold hardiness of flower buds and shoot xylem; and tree survival. Rootstock effects on the above measurements and ratings were significant in some years and not in others. Year effects were always large and significant, while rootstock × year interactions were usually small and not significant. In the combined analyses over years, the largest rootstock effects were obtained for bloom, fruit set, and defoliation ratings and for TCA measurements. Three cumulative responses, including marketable yields, yield efficiency, and tree survival, were used for comparing the five experimental rootstocks with the five commercial standards and also for ranking the 10 rootstocks with respect to each other to assess their potential commercial value as peach rootstocks. `Chui Lum Tao', H7338013, and `Bailey' had the most commercial potential for southern Ontario because they typically promoted above average cumulative yield, yield efficiency, and tree survival. `Tzim Pee Tao', `Siberian C', and `Harrow Blood' were less valuable, with low cumulative marketable yields. `Halford' and `Lovell' were the least valuable, with the lowest tree survival (17%). Performance of H7338013 exceeded that of both parents (`Bailey' and `Siberian C'), H7338019 exceeded `Siberian C' but not `Bailey', while performance of H7338016 was inferior to both parents. Wider testing of the experimental rootstocks on different soil types and climatic zones is needed.

scholarly journals Yield efficiency for nine apple cultivars grafted on two rootstocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1701-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Caetano Fioravanço ◽  
Ana Beatriz Costa Czermainski ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Apple Cultivars

ABSTRACT: Currently, using smaller trees is one of the most important trends in apple cultivation. It is expected that reduced size plants produce lower amount of fruit, but with high yield and yield efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield efficiency (YE) of nine apple tree cultivars, grafted on two rootstocks, from the second to the seventh year after planting. The YE indexes oscillated from one to the other year, regardless of rootstock. Correlations between YE and yield per tree and between YE and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) confirmed that efficiency can be increased by the production increment or by the plant's vigor reduction. The usefulness of cumulative YE (ƩYE) is highlighted to compare apple tree cultivars after the third year of production. The highest ƩYE indexes were observed for 'Royal Gala' and 'Baigent', on M-9 rootstock, and for 'Gala Real' and 'Maxi-Gala', on Marubakaido/M-9 rootstock.

scholarly journals 166 Influence of Crop Level on Growth and Quality of `Braeburn' Apple Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 418E-419
Author(s):  
P.I. Garriz ◽  
G.M. Colavita ◽  
H.L. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Crop load and the genetic biological carrying capacity (source–sink relationships) determine the potential for fruit size development on apple; however, the environment within which the fruit grows attenuates this potential. The effects of different crop loads on the growth pattern and the progress of maturity in apples were evaluated at the Comahue National Univ., Argentina (lat. 38 56'S long 67 59'W), during the 1998–99 growing season. Our experiment was conducted on 6-year-old `Braeburn'/Malling Merton 111 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees spaced 4.0 × 2.3 m and trained to palmette leader. Treatments were 1) light crop load (LC), 2.5 fruit/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), 2) moderate crop load (MC), 6.5 fruit/cm2 TCSA (standard commercial crop load) and 3) high crop load (HC), minimum 8 fruit/cm2 TCSA, no fruit removed from tree. Whole trees were hand-thinned 19 days after full bloom (DAFB). Fruit diameter (FD) was taken at two weekly intervals (n = 24 per date and treatment) and maturity indexes were determined at harvest. Analysis of variance was used and mean separations were computed with Student's t test. From 38 DAFB until harvest, fruit size was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the HC trees, indicating that they were source-limited during growth. At 166 DAFB, FD was 7.48, 7.14, and 6.89 cm for the LC, MC and HC treatments, respectively. Adequate carbon was apparently available to support a commercial crop load since no differences were found between LC and MC trees. Crop level influenced flesh firmness; at 173 DAFB, it was significantly lower in HC trees than MC and LC trees (84.33, 92.51, and 91.57 N, respectively). These results suggest some goals of thinning for ensuring sizable `Braeburn' fruit.

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