scholarly journals Evaluation of select cider apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in Ontario. I. Horticultural attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Plotkowski ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Survival Tree

Twenty-eight apple cultivars were selected for their potential for hard cider production in Ontario. An experiment was conducted to evaluate their horticultural potential in the province. After being planted in spring 2015, the trees were evaluated annually for their survival, tree height and spread, trunk growth, flowering dates, flower counts, fruit per tree, pre-harvest drop, crop load, fruit weight, fruit firmness, juicing extraction efficiency, and harvest dates. These horticultural attributes were sufficient to discriminate between cultivars. Additional exploratory analyses indicated a relationship between horticultural attributes and a cultivar’s origin, with British cider cultivars blooming the latest, American cider apples producing the most juice, and French cider cultivars having the highest pre-harvest fruit drop. Cultivars in this study that show promise for continued research in Ontario include Binet Rouge, Bramley’s Seedling, Breakwell, Bulmers Norman, Calville Blanc d’Hiver, Cline Russet, Cox Orange Pippin, Crimson Crisp®, Dabinett, Enterprise, Esopus Spitzenberg, Golden Russet, GoldRush, Medaille d’Or, Porter’s Perfection, and Stoke Red.

scholarly journals Effect of chemical thinning, gibberellic acid and pruning on growth and production of nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica) cv. May fire

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Rimpika Rimpika ◽  
N. Sharma ◽  
D.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Old Trees

The present investigation was carried out on 12-year old trees of nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica) cultivar May Fire raised on wild peach seedling rootstocks, Farmer’s orchard at Kotla- Barog in District Sirmour during the years 2014 and 2015. In this experiment, experimental trees were subjected to seventeen different treatments;T1: Pruning to retain 60 fruiting shoots tree-1 (control), T2: Pruning to retain 50 fruiting shoots tree-1, T3: Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree-1 ,T4: NAA 40 ppm, 2 WAPF (week after petal fall) ,T5: Ethrel 300 ppm, 2 WAPF, T6: GA3 100 ppm, 4 WAPF, T7: GA3 200 ppm, 4WAPF, T8: GA3 100 ppm, 6 WAPF T9: GA3 200 ppm, 6 WAPF, T10: Pruning to retain 50 fruiting shoots tree-1 + NAA 40 ppm (T4), T11: Pruning to retain 50 fruiting shoots tree-1 + Ethrel 300ppm (T5), T12: Pruning to retain 50 fruiting shoots tree-1 + GA3100 ppm (T6), T13: Pruning to retain 50 fruiting shoots tree-1 + GA3 100 ppm (T8),T14: Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree-1 + NAA 40 ppm (T4), T15: Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree -1 +Ethrel 300 ppm (T5),T16: Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree -1 + GA3 100 ppm (T6), T17: Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree -1 + GA3 100 ppm (T8), pertaining to alternative approach to chemical thinning, chemical thinner were more effective in improving the production of superior grade fruits than reducing the crop load directly by pruning or indirectly by GA 3 (Gibberellic Acid) treatments. Treatments with NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) at 40 ppm when applied two weeks after petal fall reduced the crop load to the greatest extent and improve the yield of superior grade fruits and increase the leaf to fruit ratio and decrease the fruit drop. Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shoots tree-1 + NAA 40 ppm, 2WAPF increased the shoot growth (160.80, 170.20cm), tree height (3.70,4.50 cm), tree spread (2.84,3.60), leaf area (42.71, 40.63 cm) during both the year. However, effect of chemical were less pronounced on trees subjected to severe pruning.

Ammonium thiosulfate and 6-benzyladenine improve the crop load and fruit quality of 'Delicious' apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bound ◽  
S. J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate

Four trials were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a blossom thinner of ‘Delicious’ apple trees. In addition to determining the optimal concentration of ATS and the effectiveness of multiple applications, the effect on fruit quality was assessed. A program using ATS at bloom and 6-benzyladenine (BA) applied postbloom was examined. Multiple applications of ATS reduced crop load more than a single application. A concentration of 1.0% (v/v, 5800 mg/L) applied twice during the flowering period is recommended, with the first application at 20% bloom and the second at 80% bloom. Fruit firmness and sugar content were increased by ATS, and a positive relationship between fruit weight and sugar content and between fruit weight and firmness was demonstrated. ATS can also be effectively combined in a program with BA with the added benefits of increases in fruit size, firmness and sugar content; however, caution is advised to prevent over-thinning.

scholarly journals 517 Bloom Thinner Wilthin Decreased Fruit Set and Increased Fruit Yield and Quality of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 534F-535
Author(s):  
Ejaz Mohammad Ansari ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Taqueer Abbas ◽  
Mohammad Baquir
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Golden Apples

The influence of bloom chemical thinner Wilthin on three apple cultivars (Royal Gala, Blushing Gold, and Ultra Gold) was investigated. Two experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effect of Wilthin at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% on fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, yield, juice pH, acidity, SSC, sucrose, glucose, fructose, fruit firmness, and fruit set. Wilthin reduced fruit set of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased yield of all cultivars. In general, Wilthin increased fruit weight of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' both years. Wilthin increased fruit length and diameter of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold', but it did not affect fruit length of `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin increased fruit juice pH of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' during both years. Wilthin decreased fruit juice acidity of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. In 1995, Wilthin increased SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold'. In 1996, Wilthin did not effect SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden', but increased SSC of `Ultra Gold'. Wilthin increased sucrose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not effect fruit juice glucose concentration of `Royal Gala' but increased fruit juice glucose concentration of `Ultra Gold' and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not influenced fructose content of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden' apples. Wilthin increased fructose contents of `Ultra Gold'. Accel increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala'.

scholarly journals Performance of Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Grown in Different Chilean Regions on a Six-year Trial, Part I: Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Phenology

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Yuri ◽  
Claudia Moggia ◽  
Carolina A. Torres ◽  
Alvaro Sepulveda ◽  
Valeria Lepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tree Phenology ◽  
General Tree

Performance of seven apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars (‘Brookfield®Gala’, ‘Galaxy’, ‘Super Chief’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Fuji Raku Raku’, ‘Cripp's Pink’, and ‘Braeburn’) on M.M.106 and M.9 EMLA rootstocks during their first 6 years was evaluated on a multisite trial in Chile. Second-leaf trees were planted in experimental blocks inside commercial orchards located in five major apple-producing areas in Chile (Graneros, San Clemente, Chillan, Angol, and Temuco). Tree height and volume, trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), fruit yield and size distribution, crop load, and tree phenology were assessed annually. In general, tree growth rates by the end of the third year, when they reached the desired height, were similar in all block locations. M.9 EMLA rootstock reduced tree height by ≈20% in ‘Brookfield® Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Galaxy’, and ‘Granny Smith’. This rootstock also had 50% smaller TCAs than M.M.106’s at Year 6 in most cultivars. The highest productions in ‘Brookfield®Gala’, ‘Galaxy’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Cripp's Pink’, and ‘Super Chief’, regardless of rootstock, were obtained in San Clemente and Chillan's blocks. Although M.M. 106 trees delivered higher yields per plant, M.9 EMLA yield efficiency (no. fruit/cm2 TCA) was significantly higher. In general, the higher the latitude (toward south), the later budbreak, full bloom, and harvest occurred.

scholarly journals Fruit quality in five apple cultivars trees trained to intensive training system: Geneva y-trellis

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Talaie ◽  
Mona Shojaie-Saadee ◽  
Ahmad Dadashpour ◽  
Ali Asgari-Sarcheshmeh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Control Tree ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Orchard intensification is motivated by the desire to produce fruit early in the life of the orchard to rapidly recover establishment costs. Intensification is possible by using dwarfing rootstocks that control tree size, induce early cropping, and produce large quantities of fruit relative to the amount of wood produced. Therefore, this study attempts to compare some yield and fruit properties of five apple cultivars grown in the Karaj area of Iran. The concerned apple cultivars were ?Golab-kohans? (Iranian cultivar), ?Fuji?, ?Starking?, ?Delbar estival? and ?Prime rose? (commercial foreign cultivars) that were grafted on M.9 rootstock which were trained in Geneva Y-trellis system. All of these trees were planted in winter 2004. The trees were irrigated from the second year after planting and the method of irrigation was drip irrigation. pH (4.07) and Humidity Content (85.96 %) were the highest with the ?Golab-kohans? (Iranian cultivar). Also ?Delbar estival? had the highest fruit length (6.13 cm), L/D (0.87) and TSS (15.77). ?Starking? had the highest fruit weight (145.24 gr), fruit diameter (6.91 cm) and Ash (0.71 %). In addition, the most dry matter (20.13 %), fruit firmness (13.13 kg/cm2) and titrable acid (0.72 %) were recorded with ?Fuji?.

scholarly journals PROMISING PROCESSING APPLE CULTIVARS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC AREA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160c-1160
Author(s):  
George M. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Atlantic Area

The Mid-Atlantic area has a long, warm growing season and a reputation for grainy or firm, yellow apple products. There is interest in varieties that are large, firm, yellow-fleshed, that store and process well. The attributes of four NY selections, grown in PA, are described. NY 179 (Loop Red Rome X Yorking) fruit firmness (FF) dropped from 9 to 8.5 kg from 270 to 300 Julian days (JD). Over this same period, soluble solids (SS) rose from 13-15%. At 270 JD dropped fruit (DF) ranged from 0-5% while at 300 JD they ranged from 0-10%. Mean fruit weight was 285 g. NY 180 (Loop Red Rome X Yorking) averaged 351 g and FF was similar to NY 179. From 270 to 300 JD SS rose from 12-15%. Dropped fruit rose from 0-10% at 270 JD to 35% by 285 JD but to 95% by 300 JD. NY 88 (Melrose X Monroe) had a FF of 8.5 kg at 255 JD which decreased to about 7.5 kg at 300 JD. Over this same period SS rose from 13 -14.5%. At 255 JD DF were 0%; they ranged from 0-10% at 300 JD and never exceeded 10%. NY 151 (Red Spy X Yorking) averaged 171 g. At 270 JD FF was 12 kg falling to 11 kg at 330 JD. Over this period SS rose from 11-16%. Drops increased from 0% at 270 JD to 10-20% at 330 JD. These selections are undergoing regular and CA storage and processing tests.

scholarly journals Influence of Preharvest AVG Application on the Activity of Sorbitol Dehydrogenase in Apple Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143C-1143
Author(s):  
Valeria Sigal-Escalada ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Over Time

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key enzyme in apple fruit converting sorbitol into fructose. SDH activity in `Fuji' apple was reported to increase close to harvest, perhaps as part of the ripening process. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is used to delay fruit ripening and prevent fruit drop, though its effect on sorbitol metabolism is not known. To determine if the late season increase in SDH activity is common among apple cultivars and if AVG use affects SDH expression and activity, AVG was applied to `Lodi', `Redchief Delicious', and `Red Fuji' trees 4 weeks before harvest. Control and AVG-treated fruit were collected 1 week prior to, at, and 1 week after the normal harvest date for assessment of ethylene production over time after harvest and SDH presence and activity at harvest. Ethylene production in control fruit increased after harvest and AVG reduced it in all cultivars. `Redchief Delicious' fruit had the highest ethylene production of the treated samples. The levels of SDH activity in controls were similar across dates for `Redchief Delicious' and showed no consistent pattern in the other cultivars. `Redchief Delicious' and `Red Fuji' showed the highest and lowest levels of SDH activity, respectively. AVG did not affect SDH activity in `Redchief Delicious', and substantially increased SDH activity in `Red Fuji' on each of the three harvest dates, and, in `Lodi', only 1 week after normal harvest. SDH presence was confirmed through immunoblotting for all cultivars and harvest dates. Overall, fruit with the greatest reduction in ethylene production in response to AVG also showed changes in SDH activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Ovule Damage on Fruit Development in Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
Ido Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Apple Cultivars

`McIntosh', `Delicious', and `Idared' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruitlet ovaries were artificially damaged with a needle four times after full bloom to assess effects of such damage on fruit growth and development. The damage induced fruit drop, reduced fruit weight, and increased the incidence of fruit deformity, but had no effect on fruit length: diameter ratio. Fruit fresh weight and deformity were correlated with seed per fruit at harvest.

scholarly journals Manage of crop load to improve fruit quality in plums

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pozzobom Pavanello ◽  
Michael Zoth ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract The crop load of European plums must be adjusted to achieve high quality with adequate size and skin color in order to attend market requirements. The present study had the objective to investigate the effects of chemical and mechanical thinning, applied isolated and in combination of both, at different phenological stages of Katinka plum growing in Southern Germany. The following thinners were tested: mechanical thinning, chemical thinning with Ammoniumthiosulfate - ATS, Ethephon, Prohexadione-Calcium and Gibberellin. Mechanical thinning treatment isolated or associated with ATS. Significantly increased fruit drop and reduced the yield. It also, increased fruit size and fruit weight when compared to the control plants. Also Ethephon increased fruit drop and fruit size when compared to the control plants. Among to other chemical treatments, no positive effects were observed for fruit thinning when compared to the control plants.

scholarly journals Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459
Author(s):  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees are highly prone to biennial bearing and predisposed to bitter pit. The hypothesis that tank mix sprays of ethephon (ETH), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) combined with calcium chloride (CaCl2) can mitigate these production problems was tested in a 3-yr study. Mature ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with either three or six summer applications of 150 mg L−1 ETH or 5 mg L−1 NAA, all tank-mixed with and without CaCl2, or two or five applications of 150 mg L−1 ACC (without CaCl2). Treatments were applied at 10-d intervals and initiated between 21 and 26 June. All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’. NAA, ETH, and CaCl2 all influenced fruit maturity and quality at harvest to varying degrees and across years. Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr, whereas overall, fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature. NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD). PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr, whereas ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr. Overall, ETH and NAA, with or without CaCl2, had significant but inconsistent effects on fruit quality and maturity, all dependent on the year and number of applications. Adding CaCl2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document