scholarly journals Fertilizer Rate and Type Affect Sedum-vegetated Green Roof Mat Plant Performance and Leachate Nutrient Content

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Substrate Fertility ◽  
And Control

This study compared the effect of fertilizer rates and types on plant performance and leached nutrients for an installed sedum-vegetated green roof mat system. Sedum-vegetated mats in non-fertilized plots (control) were compared with plots fertilized with 16N–2.6P–10K plus Minors 5–6 month controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at 5, 10, 15, or 20 g·m−2 nitrogen (N) or 5 g·m−2 N of a fly-larvae processed chicken manure (Sus). Plot overall appearance was among the highest for 10 g·m−2 N in Mar., May, June, and July 2012, whereas 15 and 20 g·m−2 N resulted in the highest winter injury ranking in Mar. 2012. Vegetative coverage was highest for 10 and 15 g·m−2 N in Oct. 2011 but did not differ among treatments in 2012. Sedum spp. composition within plots remained closest to the original when fertilized at 10 g·m−2 N. Of all species, S. acre flowered for the longest duration and flowered longer in 10 g·m−2 N than 15 g·m−2 N or Sus. Leaf greenness of S. acre for 5, 10, 15, and 20 g·m−2 N was higher than the control in May 2012. Leached amounts of NH4+, NO3–, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) did not differ among treatments, and cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were not detected. All nutrients but NO3– in all plots and zinc (Zn) in the 5 g·m−2 N (CRF and Sus) and control plots were leached at levels above target nutrient loss thresholds. Among fertilizer types, Sus leached more phosphorus (P) without greater plant performance compared with 5 g·m−2 N CRF. A fertilizer rate of 10 g·m−2 N is recommended to benefit plant performance of this green roof system. However, in the first year after installation, to prevent negative environmental impacts resulting from initial substrate fertility, no fertilizer (CRF or Sus) is needed for this green roof system.

scholarly journals Plant Nutrition Requirements for an Installed Sedum-Vegetated Green Roof Module System: Effects of Fertilizer Rate and Type on Plant Growth and Leachate Nutrient Content

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Roof Module ◽  
Module System

The objectives of this study were to compare fertilizer rates and types to identify an optimum rate to maintain green roof vegetative coverage and encourage plant growth (i.e., plant performance) while minimizing the amount and concentration of nutrients leached from a green roof module system. Sedum-vegetated modules with no added fertilizer (control) were compared with modules fertilized with 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 g·m−2 nitrogen (N) of 16N–2.6P–10K POLYON® Homogenous NPK plus Minors, 5–6 month controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), 5 g·m−2 N of a 2.9N–2.2P–2.3K fly-larvae processed chicken manure fertilizer (5-Sus), or 5 g·m−2 N of 4N–4P–4K Gaia Green All Purpose organic fertilizer (5-OR). The total amount and concentration of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), NH4+, nickel (Ni), NO3–, phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) in leachate as well as plant overall appearance, winter injury, vegetative coverage, shoot height, bloom duration, and leaf color of green roof modules were evaluated between July 2011 and Aug. 2012. A CRF fertilizer rate of 15 g·m−2 N maximized vegetative coverage and overall plant appearance while maintaining leachate quality within Ontario and Canadian guidelines for most of the measured elements. The amount of Zn in the CRF appeared to be higher than plant demand and the high amount and concentration of P in leachate was likely the result of release from the growing substrate. The 5-Sus fertilizer resulted in increased coverage the first spring and increased greenness soon after application compared with the same rate of CRF. Overall, 15 g·m−2 N of CRF was the best treatment based on vegetative coverage and plant growth in sedum-vegetated green roof modules.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Measurement within Green Roof with Incinerated Municipal Solid Waste Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7115
Author(s):  
Mostafa Kazemi ◽  
Luc Courard ◽  
Julien Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Drainage Layer ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Substrate Layer ◽  
Significant Difference

A green roof is composed of a substrate and drainage layers which are fixed on insulation material and roof structure. The global heat resistance (Rc) within a green roof is affected by the humidity content of the substrate layer in which the coarse recycled materials can be used. Moreover, the utilization of recycled coarse aggregates such as incinerated municipal solid waste aggregate (IMSWA) for the drainage layer would be a promising solution, increasing the recycling of secondary resources and saving natural resources. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the heat transfer across green roof systems with a drainage layer of IMSWA and a substrate layer including recycled tiles and bricks in wet and dry states according to ISO-conversion method. Based on the results, water easily flows through the IMSWAs with a size of 7 mm. Meanwhile, the Rc-value of the green roof system with the dry substrate (1.26 m2 K/W) was 1.7 times more than that of the green roof system with the unsaturated substrate (0.735 m2 K/W). This means that the presence of air-spaces in the dry substrate provided more heat resistance, positively contributing to heat transfer decrease, which is also dependent on the drainage effect of IMSWA. In addition, the Rc-value of the dry substrate layer was about twice that of IMSWA as the drainage layer. No significant difference was observed between the Rc-values of the unsaturated substrate layer and the IMSWA layer.

On the green roof system. Selection, state of the art and energy potential investigation of a system installed in an office building in Athens, Greece

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spala ◽  
H.S. Bagiorgas ◽  
M.N. Assimakopoulos ◽  
J. Kalavrouziotis ◽  
D. Matthopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Roof System ◽  
System Selection

scholarly journals Nutrient cycling in a RRIM 600 clone rubber plantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Roberto Murbach ◽  
Antonio Enedi Boaretto ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Euclides Caxambu Alexandrino de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Nutrient Retranslocation ◽  
One Year ◽  
K Fertilization

Few reports have been presented on nutrient cycling in rubber tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). This experiment was carried out to evaluate: the effect of K rates on the amount of nutrients transfered to the soil in a 13-year old Hevea brasilensis RRIM 600 clone plantation, nutrient retranslocation from the leaves before falling to the soil, and nutrient loss by dry rubber export. The experiment started in 1998 and potassium was applied at the rates of 0, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O under the crowns of 40 rubber trees of each plot. Literfall collectors, five per plot, were randomly distributed within the plots under the trees. The accumulated literfall was collected monthly during one year. The coagulated rubber latex from each plot was weighed, and samples were analyzed for nutrient content. Increasing K fertilization rates also increased the K content in leaf literfall. Calcium and N were the most recycled leaf nutrients to the soil via litterfall. Potassium, followed by P were the nutrients with the highest retranslocation rates. Potassium was the most exported nutrient by the harvested rubber, and this amount was higher than that transfered to the soil by the leaf literfall.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the thermal behaviour of a green roof system installed in two residential buildings in Athens, Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1059-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Sfakianaki ◽  
Elli Pagalou ◽  
Konstantinos Pavlou ◽  
Mat Santamouris ◽  
M. N. Assimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Roof System

scholarly journals Wind drives drought responses of green roof vegetation in two substrates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Konstantin Sonkin ◽  
Arne Sæbø ◽  
Hans Martin Hanslin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

The multifunctionality and delivery of ecosystem services from green roofs is improved by biological diversity of the roof vegetation. However, the frequency and intensity of drought episodes on extensive green roofs may limit the use of non-succulent species and the potential functional and phylogenetic diversity of the vegetation. Wind accelerates water use by plants and desiccation of the green roof substrate, and may be a key factor in selection of non-succulent plant species for green roofs. In this study, we tested wind interactions with green roof substrate composition and the effects on plant and substrate water balance, overall plant performance, and wilting and survival of three non-succulent species (Plantago maritima L., Hieracium pilosella L., and Festuca rubra L.) under realistic prolonged water deficit conditions. We found that, regardless of species or substrate tested, wind accelerated drought response. Drought-stressed plants exposed to wind wilted and died earlier, mostly due to more rapid desiccation of the growth substrate (critical substrate moisture content was 6-8%). The moderate wind levels applied did not affect plant performance when not combined with drought. Species with contrasting growth forms showed similar responses to treatments, but there were some species-specific responses. This highlights the importance of including wind to increase realism when evaluating drought exposure in non-succulent green roof vegetation.

scholarly journals Growth rate of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and plankton diversity in ponds under organic and inorganic fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17545-17559
Author(s):  
PA Otieno ◽  
◽  
DO Owiti ◽  
PO Onyango ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Plankton Diversity ◽  
And Control

Aquaculture offers the opportunity for safeguarding local and global food security in the face of declining capture fisheries. However, the form of aquaculture that is commonly practiced in Kenya is characterized by the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers that negatively impact biodiversity especially when effluents from fish ponds drain into water bodies. This study aimed to determine differences in the growth rate of Clarias gariepinus, an important aquaculture fish in Kenya, to assess plankton diversity, and to identify phytoplankton species associated with pollution under organic and inorganic fertilization regimens using chicken manure, Diammonium phosphate, and urea, respectively. Average growth rate calculated per day was higher in the organically-fertilized ponds at 0.06 cm/day, followed by inorganically-fertilized ponds at 0.05cm/day and then, the control at 0.04 cm/day. Average weight gain was higher in organically-fertilized ponds at 0.08 g/day followed by ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer at 0.07 g/day and the control, at 0.06g/day. There were significant differences in growth rate across fertilization regimens (length: F2, 264= 24.06, p = 0.0399; weight: F2, 264 = 20.89, p = 0. 0457). Specifically, although differences in growth rate of fish in organically and inorganically fertilized ponds were not significant, fish in fertilized ponds were on average, longer and weighed more than those in the control pond. Jaccard’s similarity index for phytoplankton was highest (0.38) between organically-fertilized ponds and control but lowest (0.25) between inorganically-fertilized ponds and control. Use of chicken manure produced the highest diversity of zooplankton (Shannon-Weiner’s H in organically-fertilized pond = 1.886; inorganic = 1.044, and control = 0.935). The use of DAP and urea produced the highest proportion of phytoplankton species associated with pollution. These results do not support the commonly reported notion that ponds fertilized using inorganic fertilizers are more productive. Findings suggest that the use of inorganic fertilizers may threaten biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems through the production of toxic algae.

scholarly journals Role of Mineral and Bio-fertilizers on Some Soil Properties and Rice Productivity under Reclaimed Saline Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Mohaseb ◽  
Mona H. M. Kenawy ◽  
Khaled A. H. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Available N ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
And Control

A field experiment (randomized complete blocks with three replicates) was conducted during two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 at Sahl El-Houssinia Agriculture Research Station in El-Shakia Governorate, Egypt. Its lies between 32˚00/00 to 32˚15/00/ N latitude and 30˚50 / 00// to 31˚15 00// E longitude. The combined effect of bio-fertilizers inoculated with Rhizobium radiobacter sp strain (salt tolerant PGPR); Bacillus megatherium (dissolving phosphate) and Bacillus circulans (enhancing potassium availability) and yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) combined with different rates of N, P and K fertilizers (50, 75 and 100%) was evaluated on some soil properties, nutrient content in rice plants, and rice productivity in a reclaimed saline soil. From the crop field of the Agricultural Research Institute (ARC), Egypt, 101 grain kernels from rice (Oryza sativa) var. Sakha were selected.   The results indicated that soil pH and EC were decreased in soil treated with bio-fertilizers combined with different rates of mineral fertilizers in comparison with soil treated with yeast and control. Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the soil increased with the use of bio-fertilizers. Application of mineral fertilizers (N, P and K) alone or combined with bio-fertilizers (bacteria and yeast) resulted in increased yield grains and straw of rice plant. Macro- and micronutrients concentrations and uptake in grain and straw of rice plants increased in soil treated with bacteria + 75% N+P+K fertilizers compared with other treatments.                          

scholarly journals KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE WITH SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CALCAREOUS SOIL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
And Control

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each incubation periods and kinetic equations used to test its release from treated samples. The additions of chicken manure was the highest in the  amount  of  dissolved phosphorus values followed by sheep manure, peat moss, rock phosphate and control treatment, reaching levels of citric  acide  extractable  phosphorus to  4.2 , 3.8, 3.3, 3.1 and 2.5 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The results also showed superiority of first  order equation in the description of phosphorus release from rock phosphate with  release  rate   coefficient  of 3.801 , 3.865 , 4.328 and 4.366 mg P kg -1 soil h-1 for the treatments: soil and rock phosphate only , peat moss, sheep waste and chicken manure, respectively.

The effect of drainage height on plant-species composition on a semi-arid green roof system

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Har'el Agra ◽  
Hadar Shalom ◽  
Omar Bawab ◽  
Gyongyver J. Kadas ◽  
Leon Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Green roofs are expected to contribute to higher biodiversity in urban surroundings. Typically, green roofs have been designed with low plant diversity. However, plant diversity can be enhanced by controlling resource availability and creating distinct niches. Here we hypothesize that by using different drainage heights during the short plant-growing season in a semi-arid green roof system we can create distinct niches and plant communities. Our experiment took place at the University of Haifa, north Israel. We tested three different heights of drainage outlet: 10 cm under the surface of the substrate (Low), 1 cm under the surface of the substrate (Medium) and 3 cm above the surface of the substrate (High) on plant species-composition in green-roof gardens. Grasses cover was higher in High and Medium drainages while forbs cover was higher in Low drainage. Species richness was the highest in Low drainage while diversity indices showed the opposite trend. We conclude that by changing the height of the drainage we can create different niches and change species composition in a short time period of one growing season. This way we can create more diverse green roof communities and enhance biodiversity in urban areas, particularly in semi-arid regions.

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