Impact of artificially simulated precipitation patterns change on the growth and morphology of Reaumuria soongarica seedlings in Hexi Corridor of China

Climate change has altered the existing pattern of precipitation and has an important impact on the resistance and adaptability of desert plants. However, the interactive impact and the main characteristics of changes in precipitation amount and precipitation frequency on desert plants are unclear. Reaumuria soongarica seedlings were treated by artificially simulating changes in precipitation (30% reduction and 30% increase) and its frequency (50% reduction). We first introduced three morphological indicators (i.e., main root length/plant height ratio (RHR), above-ground radial density (ARD), and below−ground radial density (BRD)) and drew an abstract figure of seedling growth. This experiment confirmed the following: (1) The increase in precipitation noticeably increased the plant height, above-ground biomass, and total biomass of seedlings. (2) The plant height and the biomass of seedlings were more affected by precipitation amount than by precipitation frequency. No interaction was found between precipitation amount and precipitation frequency on the growth of seedlings. (3) The response of RHR to precipitation changes was extremely significant, increasing with decreasing precipitation and vice versa. (4) The ARD first increased then remained constant as precipitation increased, while ARD first decreased and then increased with decreasing precipitation. When precipitation increases, the BRD increases and the root system becomes relatively thicker and shorter, and vice versa. In this regard, R. soongarica seedlings mainly adapt to their resource supply by adjusting plant height, root length, thickness and biomass.

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Effect of nickel uptake on selected growth parameters of Amaranthus viridis L.

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i3.1838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1011-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johny Joseph ◽

Jayaram Reddy ◽

D Sayantan

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Human Beings ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Nickel Uptake ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

The Impact

Nickel is an essential element for normal physiological functions in plants. At higher doses (>50 mg/kg, as per WHO) it is toxic to plants and humans, which can bring about oxidative stress affecting the physiological functions of plants and is also considered carcinogenic to human beings. To manage nickel pollution in environment, proper chemical or phytoremediation techniques are required. In this regard nickel accumulator plants would offer a cost effective and environmental friendly phytoremediation method. In the present study, the nickel phyto-accumulation potential of Amaranthus viridis from soil was evaluated to check the tolerance level and the impact on selected morphological parameters like total biomass, plant height, root length and number of leaves. Nickel uptake by A. viridis was studied from Ni contaminated soil amended with20, 40, 60, 80 mg/Kg of Ni exposure under controlled conditions. Toxic effects and tolerance of the plant to toxic doses of nickel was evaluated by correlating the uptake per gram of biomass with various parameters of plant like its height, biomass, root length and, number of leaves. Supply dependent maximum nickel uptake of 108 µg/gm and corresponding decrease in growth parameters were recorded up to 60 mg/Kg exposure. This study indicates the uptake of nickel by A. viridis increases with increase in supply up to 60mg/kg and beyond 60 mg/kg, the uptake decreases. The study also shows uptake of nickel per gram of biomass has a significant negative correlation mainly with parameters like plant height (R= -0.71 at 0.05 level of significance) and total biomass (R = -0.83 at 0.05 level of significance) where as other parameters like length of root and number of leavers are not significantly affected (P>0.05) with uptake of nickel per gram of biomass.

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Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Resistance to Stunting Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 8

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.4.551 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 551-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dipak Sharma-Poudyal ◽

Timothy C. Paulitz ◽

Lindsey J. du Toit

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Partial Resistance ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Onion Root ◽

Height Reduction ◽

Experimental Line ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Biomass

Thirty-five onion genotypes were evaluated for resistance to stunting caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 8 (AG 8) in a growth chamber set at 15 ± 1 °C. The trial was repeated. Resistance to R. solani AG 8 was defined as a lack of significant difference in plant height, root length, and/or total dry biomass between inoculated and noninoculated plants of the same genotype. Plant height was not reduced significantly by R. solani AG 8 for 14 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, plant height reduction caused by R. solani ranged from 24% for the cv. Lasalle to 62% for the experimental line R14882, and in Trial 2 plant height reduction ranged from 22% for the experimental line PX07713218 to 53% for the cv. Montblanc. However, the extent of reduction in plant height caused by R. solani did not differ significantly among genotypes in either trial. Onion root length was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 26 and 18 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The degree of reduction in root length ranged from 9% (R14889) to 76% (Sterling and SN232) in Trial 1, and 14% (SN325) to 74% (Sterling) in Trial 2. Onion dry biomass was not reduced by R. solani AG 8 for 19 and 7 of the 35 genotypes in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, and ranged from 18% (Elbrus) to 69% (Sterling) in Trial 1, and 29% (SN232) to 79% (Sterling) in Trial 2. The reduction in onion root length and total biomass did not differ significantly among onion genotypes in Trial 1, but differed among genotypes in Trial 2. Of the 35 genotypes evaluated, 3, 16, and 3 demonstrated partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for plant height, root length, and total biomass, respectively, in both trials. Only four genotypes displayed partial resistance to R. solani AG 8 for at least two of the three growth parameters: plant height, root length, and biomass of PX07713218 were unaffected by the fungus in either trial; and R14885, R14888, and SN307 displayed partial resistance in both trials for two of the three parameters, and in one of the two trials for the third parameter. These four genotypes could be used in onion breeding programs to develop cultivars partially resistant to stunting caused by R. solani AG 8.

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Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w08-079 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 861-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽

Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽

Pinyupa Plianbangchang

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Film Coating ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Vegetative Cells ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

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Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00331-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerong Wang ◽

Yue Sun ◽

Mo Zhou ◽

Naiqian Guan ◽

Yuwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Growing Season ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Herb Layer ◽

Simpson Index ◽

Thinning Intensity ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

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Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87391-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽

Abbas Samadi ◽

Ebrahim Sepehr ◽

Amir Rahimi ◽

Sergey Shabala

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Root Weight ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

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GROWTH RESPONSE OF BEHA GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola) FERTILIZED WITH GOAT MANURE

Indonesian Journal Of Animal Agricultural Science (IJAAS) ◽

10.33772/ijaas.v2i3.14080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Budiman Budiman ◽

Natsir Sandiah ◽

La Malesi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

New Production ◽

Brachiaria Humidicola ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Length Data ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Goat Manure ◽

Difference Test

This study aimed to determine the best dosage of goat manure as a natural fertilizer on Beha grass(Brachiaria humidicola). This study used 64 poles of Beha grass grown in polybags divided into 16plots, and it used a completely randomized design (CRD) to analyze the data. This study consist of 4treatments that is P0 (0 ton/ha of goat manure), P1 (10 ton/ha of goat manure), P2 (15 ton/ha of goatmanure), and P3 (20 ton/ha of goat manure). This study's variables were plant height, number of leaves,numbers of tillers, new production, and root length. Data analysis used ANOVA variance continued withreal honest difference test. The result of this study showed that averages of plant height (cm) wereP0=26, P1=50.5, P2=51.5, and P3=52.75. Averages of the number of leaves were P0=22, P1=110,P2=160, and P3=185. Averages of numbers of tillers were P0=7, P1=25, P2=37, and P3=38. Averages ofnew production (g) were P0=17.75, P1=123.5, P2=178, and P3=192.25. Averages of root length (cm)were P0=37.8, P1=39.5, P2=41.775, and P3=49.5. Fertilization with natural fertilizer from goat manurehas a genuine effect (P<0.01) on the growth of Beha grass. The best dosage of fertilization with goatmanure was 15 ton/ha.

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ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i4.34135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Karen C.P. da Costa ◽

João B.S. Ferraz ◽

Rodrigo P. Bastos ◽

Tatiane Da S. Reis ◽

Marciel J. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Forest ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Forest Species ◽

Coarse Roots ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Degraded Area ◽

Below Ground ◽

O 10 ◽

Harvest Method

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.

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Adaçayı ve Dağ Çayında Tuz Stresi Üzerine Selenyum Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.29-35.3098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (sp2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Mahmut Çamlıca ◽

Gülsüm Yaldız ◽

Ferit Özen ◽

Abdurrahman Başol ◽

Halit Aşkın

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Leaf ◽

Leaf Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Different Doses ◽

Number Of Branches ◽

Fresh Root

Sage and mountain sage belong to Lamiaceae family which have commercial importance from medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium in salinity conditions on the morphological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mountain tea (Sideritis sp.). Four different doses of selenium (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/l) were applied in without salinity (0) and salinity (250 mM NaCl/l) medium. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications in the climate chamber room of the department of field crops. When the examined properties were evaluated; plant height changed between 15.56-23.85 cm, number of branches 10.50-12.78 number/plant, number of leaves 52.78-92.00 number/plant, fresh leaf weight 2.48-7.51 g/plant, dry leaf weight 0.48-3.32 g/plant, fresh root weight 1.52-7.16 g/plant, dry root weight 0.19-1.24 g/plant, root length 26.18-36.07 cm, fresh shoot weight of 1.13-7.15 g/plant and dry shoot weight 0.13-0.38 g/plant. In mountain tea, the properties were determined for plant height as 3.26-5.93 cm, for number of branches as 2.50-6.33 number/plant, for number of leaves as 28.22-91.14 number/plant, for fresh and dry leaf weights as 2.42-11,03 and 0.45-1.91 g/plant, for fresh and dry root weights as 0.71-3.97 and 0.18-0.74 g/plant, for root length as 14.78-33.26 cm, for fresh and dry shoot weights as 0.29-2.28 and 0.12-0.41 g/plant were determined. As a result of this study, 5 mg/l selenium application in salinity conditions in both plants has reached high values in terms of fresh leaf weights. In addition to this, it was found that selenium applications in salinity conditions had positive effects on dry leaf weight in sage and fresh root and fresh shoot weights in mountain tea. As a result of correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between dry leaf weight and other characteristics especially in mountain tea in terms of traits examined in both plants.

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Perbanyakan dan Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactheria) di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama dan Penyakit Banyumas

Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences ◽

10.30595/pspfs.v2i.190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 234-239

Author(s):

Nada Kholifah ◽

Ardiana Kartika B ◽

Teguh Pribadi

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Test Plant ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Test Plants

PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) is a substance that helps plant growth with the help of rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR propagation can be done with liquid media. This PGPR propagation needs to be done because this substance has many benefits for agricultural cultivation. The application of PGPR to the test plant, namely the pakcoy plant, proved that there was an effect of giving PGPR to the plant. Observations on the test plants were carried out by observing several observation variables such as plant height, root length, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight. The results of these observations showed that the effect on the test plants was seen in the variables of root length, wet weight, and dry weight. Meanwhile, the variable plant height and number of leaves did not show a visible difference.

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Divergent responses of biomass accumulation and its allocation to the altered precipitation regimes among different degraded grasslands in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-243440/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tianxue Yang ◽

Junda Chen ◽

Xiaoyue Zhong ◽

Xuechen Yang ◽

Gui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Models ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Precipitation Frequency ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Altered Precipitation ◽

Precipitation Regimes

Abstract Purpose Climate models predict shifts in precipitation patterns characterized by increased precipitation amount and decreased frequency for semi-arid grasslands in northeast China. However, under these novel climatic conditions, potential differences in plant biomass and its allocation among different degraded grasslands remain unclear.Methods We conducted a mesocosm experiment to test the effects of higher precipitation amount (increased by 50% from the long-term mean) and lower frequency (decreased by 50%) on plant biomass and allocation in the lightly degraded (LDG), moderately degraded (MDG), and severely degraded grasslands (SDG).Results Lower precipitation frequency promoted belowground biomass (BGB), while reducing aboveground biomass (AGB) allocation through enhancing soil water variability. Higher precipitation amount enhanced AGB in LDG and MDG, but not in SDG due to less soil inorganic nitrogen. Lower precipitation frequency weakened the positive effects of higher precipitation amount on biomass. Under altered precipitation, adjustment of AGB vs. BGB allocation was the primary biomass allocation strategy in LDG and SDG. However, to maintain water acquirement, plants in MDG preferred to adjust root vertical distribution, and allocated more roots to the deep soil layer where had a relatively stable water source. This strategy was driven by the changes in plant community composition of the dominant species in MDG.Conclusions The findings of this research emphasized the importance of considering the degradation level of grasslands when predicting the responses of the ecosystem functions to the projected changes in precipitation regime. These findings are critical for making feasible decisions for the sustainable management of degraded grasslands.

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