scholarly journals Influence of High Temperature on Photosynthesis, Antioxidative Capacity of Chloroplast, and Carbon Assimilation among Heat-tolerant and Heat-susceptible Genotypes of Nonheading Chinese Cabbage

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1464-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Yuan ◽  
Yujie Yuan ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shidong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature (HT) is a major environmental stress limiting oversummer production of nonheading Chinese cabbage (NHCC, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino). In the present study, the effects of HT on photosynthetic capacity, including light reaction and carbon assimilation, were completely investigated in two NHCC, ‘xd’ (heat-tolerant), and ‘sym’ (heat-susceptible). The two genotypes showed significant differences in plant morphology, photosynthetic capacity, and photosynthate metabolism (carboassimilation). HT caused a decrease in photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, and photochemical activity in NHCC. However, these main photosynthetic-related parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (PN), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and total chlorophyll content in ‘xd’, were significantly higher than those of ‘sym’ plants. The antioxidant contents and antioxidative enzyme activities of ascorbic acid-reduced glutathione cycle in the chloroplast of ‘xd’ were significantly higher than those of ‘sym’. Microscopic analyses revealed that HT affected the structure of photosynthetic apparatus and membrane integrity to a different extent, whereas ‘xd’ could maintain a better integrated chloroplast shape and thylakoid. Inhibited light reaction also hampered carbon assimilation, resulting in a decline of carboxylation efficiency and imbalance of carbohydrate metabolism. However, larger declined extents in these data were presented in ‘sym’ (heat-susceptible) than ‘xd’ (heat-tolerant). The heat-tolerant genotype ‘xd’ had a better capacity for self-protection by improved light reaction and carbon assimilation responding to HT stress.

scholarly journals Environmental effects on photosynthetic capacity of bean genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro ◽  
Mauro Guida dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Response Curves

Photosynthetic responses to daily environmental changes were studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes 'Carioca', 'Ouro Negro', and Guarumbé. Light response curves of CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance (g s) were also evaluated under controlled (optimum) environmental condition. Under this condition, CO2 assimilation of 'Carioca' was not saturated at 2,000 µmol m-2 s-1, whereas Guarumbé and 'Ouro Negro' exhibited different levels of light saturation. All genotypes showed dynamic photoinhibition and reversible increase in the minimum chlorophyll fluorescence yield under natural condition, as well as lower photosynthetic capacity when compared with optimum environmental condition. Since differences in g s were not observed between natural and controlled conditions for Guarumbé and 'Ouro Negro', the lower photosynthetic capacity of these genotypes under natural condition seems to be caused by high temperature effects on biochemical reactions, as suggested by increased alternative electron sinks. The highest g s values of 'Carioca' were observed at controlled condition, providing evidences that reduction of photosynthetic capacity at natural condition was due to low g s in addition to the high temperature effects on the photosynthetic apparatus. 'Carioca' exhibited the highest photosynthetic rates under optimum environmental condition, and was more affected by daily changes of air temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heat-tolerance Potential in QTL Introgressed Lines of Hybrid Rice Restorer, KMR-3R through PS-II Efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
V. Jaldhani ◽  
D. Sanjeeva Rao ◽  
P. Beulah ◽  
B. Srikanth ◽  
P. R. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Aims: To assess heat-induced PSII damage and efficiency in eight promising backcross introgression lines (BC2F6) of KMR-3R/N22 possessing qHTSF1.1 and qHTSF4.1. Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad India during wet/rainy (Kharif) season 2018. Methodology: Eight ILs (BC2F6) and parents were evaluated for heat tolerance. The high- temperature stress was imposed by enclosing the crop with a poly cover tent (Polyhouse) just before the anthesis stage. The fluorescence parameters viz., maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), Electron transport rate (ETR), effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) and coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN) were measured under ambient and high-temperature stress. Results: The heat-tolerance potential of ILs was assessed in terms of PSII activity. The results indicated that significant differences were observed between treatments (T), genotypes (G) and the interaction between T × G.  The physiological basis of introgressed QTLs controls the spikelet fertility by maintaining the productive and adaptive strategies in heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines with stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) under high-temperature stress. Conclusion: The Fv/Fm ratio denotes the maximum quantum yield of PSII. The heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines exhibited stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) and noted better performance under high-temperature stress. They may be used as donors for fluorescence traits in breeding rice for high-temperature tolerance.

Light energy dissipation in Quercus ilex resprouts after fire

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fleck ◽  
Xavier Aranda ◽  
Bouchra El Omari ◽  
Jon Permanyer ◽  
Anunciación Abadía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Sink Strength

Holm oak (Quercus ilex) plants that have resprouted after fire have higher photosynthetic capacity than control plants in intact vegetation. In this study, branches detached from forest plants were fed with dithiothreitol (DTT) in the laboratory to inhibit zeaxanthin production and thus reduce the dissipation of light energy as heat. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that plants with greater photosynthetic capacity, and therefore greater photo-chemical sink strength, would suffer a lower reduction in photochemical efficiency under stressful conditions. Greater rates of photochemistry in resprouts, which exhibited increased photosynthesis (A), leaf conductance (g), quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/Fm′) and photochemical quenching (qP), were related to lower non-radiative dissipation of excess energy as indicated by 1 – (Fv′/Fm′). However, the fraction of energy remaining of that used in photo-chemistry or dissipated thermally in the PSII antennae was similar in resprouts and controls and was not affected by DTT, especially under high irradiance conditions. Zeaxanthin involvement in PSII protection operated in resprouts and controls since DTT induced the same kind of response (NPQ decrease) but was lower in resprouts. These chloro-phyll fluorescence results suggest the participation of some additional mechanism for energy dissipation. Light capture characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus did not differ between resprouts and controls, and leaf age did not play a determining role in the differences observed.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and photosynthesis-related gene expression coordinated in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng under nitrogen regimes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhu Cun ◽  
Jun-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Abstract Background: Nitrogen (N) is an essential component of photosynthetic apparatus. However, the mechanism that photosynthetic capacity is suppressed by N is not completely understood. Photosynthetic capacity and photosynthesis-related genes were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng grown under the levels of low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). Results: Photosynthetic assimilation was significantly suppressed in the LN- and HN-grown plants. Compared with the MN-grown plants, the HN-grown plants showed thicker anatomic structure and larger chloroplast accompanied with decreased ratio of mesophyll conductance (gm ) to Rubisco content (gm /Rubisco) and lower Rubisco activity. Meanwhile, LN-grown plants displayed smaller chloroplast and accordingly lower internal conductance (gi ). LN- and HN-grown individuals allocated less N to light-harvesting system (NL ) and carboxylation system (NC ), respectively. N surplus negatively affected the expression of genes in Car biosynthesis ( GGPS , DXR , PSY , IPI and DXS ). The LN individuals outperformed others with respect to non-photochemical quenching. The expression of genes ( FBA, PGK, RAF2, GAPC, CAB, PsbA and PsbH ) encoding enzymes of Calvin cycle and structural protein of light reaction were obviously repressed in the LN individuals, accompanying with a reduction in Rubisco content and activity. Correspondingly, the expression of genes encoding RAF2 , RPI4 , CAB and PetE were repressed in the HN-grown plants. Conclusions: LN-induced depression of photosynthetic capacity might be caused by the deceleration on Calvin cycle and light reaction of photosynthesis, and HN-induced depression of ones might derive from an increase in the form of inactivated Rubisco.

Effects of salinity stress on cellular location of elements and photosynthesis in Ramalina canariensis Steiner

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula MATOS ◽  
João CARDOSO-VILHENA ◽  
Rui FIGUEIRA ◽  
A. Jorge SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Cellular Location ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of incubation in saline solutions of different concentrations on the uptake and cellular location of essential elements (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), and its effects on membrane integrity and on the photosynthetic apparatus, were investigated in the lichen Ramalina canariensis Steiner. Saline incubation resulted in a rapid uptake of Na+ and Mg2+ in the cell wall fraction, whereas in the intracellular fraction the accumulation of Na+ was slower. No changes were observed for intracellular Mg2+, suggesting that no generalized membrane damage occurred. Concomitantly with the increase in intracellular Na+, there was a specific loss of K+ from the cell interior, indicating that membrane permeability may have been compromised. Incubation in a 100% artificial sea water solution reduced the maximum photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) by 17% after 5 min, and this inhibition increased with incubation time. In samples incubated in 100% artificial sea water solution for 2 h followed by 2 h incubation in deionized water, ion distribution and Fv/Fm did not recover to control values. The present findings show the importance of determining the cellular location of elements when assessing their physiological impact. Results indicate that saline stress may irreversibly impair photosynthesis, thus compromising lichen vitality.

scholarly journals Heat-induced Leaf Senescence and Hormonal Changes for Thermal Bentgrass and Turf-type Bentgrass Species Differing in Heat Tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Aba Content

Leaf senescence can be induced by many environmental stresses, including supraoptimal temperatures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate leaf senescence induced by heat stress for two Agrostis species contrasting in heat tolerance and to examine whether heat-induced leaf senescence in both species was associated with changes in three major senescence-related hormones: ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins. Plants of heat-tolerant rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) and heat-sensitive creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were exposed to 35/30 °C (day/night) (high temperature) or 20/15 °C (control) for 35 d in growth chambers. Turf quality, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and the contents of two pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) for both species decreased under high temperature; however, heat-tolerant A. scabra exhibited delayed and less severe decline in all parameters compared with heat-sensitive A. stolonifera. Ethylene production rate increased in both species at 35 °C, but the increase was observed 21 days later in A. scabra compared with that in A. stolonifera. ABA content increased at the initiation of heat stress and then declined in both species after prolonged heat stress. However, the timing of the increase was delayed for 7 days and the highest level of ABA content was less in A. scabra (4.0 times that of the control) than that in A. stolonifera (5.9 times that of the control). Decreases in both forms of cytokinins (transzeatin/zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine) were also delayed for 14 days and less pronounced in A. scabra. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf senescence induced by heat stress was negatively correlated to ethylene and ABA accumulation and positively correlated to cytokinin production. Delayed leaf senescence in A. scabra under heat stress could be related to slower and less magnitude of changes in ethylene, ABA, and cytokinins.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and photosynthesis-related gene expression coordinated in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng under nitrogen regimes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhu Cun ◽  
Jun-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Abstract Nitrogen (N) is an essential component of photosynthetic apparatus. However, the mechanism that photosynthetic capacity is suppressed by N is not completely understood. Photosynthetic capacity and photosynthesis-related genes were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng grown under the levels of low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). Photosynthetic assimilation was significantly suppressed in the LN- and HN-grown plants. Compared with the MN-grown plants, the HN-grown plants showed thicker anatomic structure and larger chloroplast accompanied with decreased ratio of mesophyll conductance (gm ) to Rubisco content (gm /Rubisco) and lower Rubisco activity. Meanwhile, LN-grown plants displayed smaller chloroplast and accordingly lower internal conductance (gi ). LN- and HN-grown individuals allocated less N to light-harvesting system (NL ) and carboxylation system (NC ), respectively. N surplus negatively affected the expression of genes in Car biosynthesis ( GGPS , DXR , PSY , IPI and DXS ) and non-net carboxylative process (CEF-PSI). The LN individuals outperformed others with respect to non-photochemical quenching. The expression of genes ( FBA, PGK, RAF2, GAPC, CAB, PsbA and PsbH ) encoding enzymes of Calvin cycle and structural protein of light reaction were obviously repressed in the LN individuals, accompanying with a reduction in Rubisco content and activity. Correspondingly, the expression of genes encoding RAF2 , RPI4 , CAB and PetE were repressed in the HN-grown plants. LN-induced depression of photosynthetic capacity might be caused by the deceleration on Calvin cycle and light reaction of photosynthesis, and HN-induced depression of ones might derive from an increase in the form of inactivated Rubisco and the deprivation of photoprotection.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF TWO RICE CULTIVARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. FONSECA JÚNIOR ◽  
J. CAMBRAIA ◽  
C. RIBEIRO ◽  
M. A. OLIVA ◽  
J. A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Rice Cultivars

SUMMARYWe aimed to evaluate aluminium (Al) effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of two rice cultivars with contrasting tolerances to Al. Nine-days-old seedlings were exposed to 0 or 1 mM Al for 10 days, and then dry mass, Al and chloroplastidic pigment contents and photosynthetic parameters were determined. Al accumulated mainly in the roots of the Al-treated plants. In the leaves, Al increased only in the sensitive cultivar, but there was no difference between the cultivars in Al-treated plants. The root and leaf dry mass, the net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration were all reduced in response to Al application, but only in the sensitive cultivar. Both the initial fluorescence and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were unresponsive to the Al treatments, regardless of the cultivar. In the Al-sensitive cultivar, Al provoked significant decreases in the photochemical quenching coefficient, quantum yield of photosystem II electron transport and apparent electron transport rate, in parallel to an unaltered non-photochemical quenching coefficient. All of these parameters remained at the control levels in the tolerant cultivar. The chloroplastidic pigment content increased only in the Al-tolerant cultivar, whereas it remained unaltered after Al treatment in the sensitive cultivar. In conclusion, Al induced stomatal and (most likely) photochemical constraints on photosynthesis but with no apparent signs of photoinhibition in the Al-sensitive cultivar. Despite the similar Al levels of the cultivars, unchanging biomass accumulation or photosynthetic performance in the tolerant cultivar challenged with Al highlights its higher intrinsic ability to cope with Al stress.

Effect of Dehydration on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Sun and Shade Leaves of Laurel Forest Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledad Jiménez ◽  
Agueda González-Rodríguez ◽  
Domingo Morales
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves

In this work we study the effect of reduction in relative water content (RW C) on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics as well as on the membrane integrity, measured as electrolyte leakage, in sun and shade leaves of three Canarian laurel forest trees. No differences were found among the species and type of leaves, when the slow fluorescence kinetic parameters and electrolyte leakage were analyzed, values deviated from the normal ones at 70% and 40% RWC respectively. On the contrary, the photochemical efficiency of PSII was affected at higher values of RWC in sun leaves (90% and 52% RWC depending on the species) than in shade ones (40% RWC). These results indicate that the susceptibility of PSII to water deficit is different depending on species and environmental conditions where the leaves develop

scholarly journals Ploidy level enhances the photosynthetic capacity of a tetraploid variety of Acer buergerianum Miq.

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12620
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Bingyu Jia ◽  
Hongjian Ren ◽  
Zhen Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Background Polyploidy plays an important role in plant breeding and has widespread effects on photosynthetic capacity. To determine the photosynthetic capacity of the tetraploid variety Acer buergerianum Miq. ‘Xingwang’, we compared the gas exchange parameters, chloroplast structure, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between the tetraploid Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’. To evaluate the effects of genome duplication on the photosynthetic capacity of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’, the transcriptomes of the autotetraploid ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum were compared. Methods The ploidy of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ was identified by flow cytometry and the chromosome counting method. An LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system analyzer was used to assess the gas exchange parameters of the tetraploid variety ‘Xingwang’ and diploid variety ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum. We used a BioMate 3S ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and portable modulated fluorometer to measure the chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, respectively, of ‘Xingwang’ and ‘S4’. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify the differences in the genes involved in the photosynthetic differences and determine their expression characteristics. Results The single-cell DNA content and chromosome number of the tetraploid ‘Xingwang’ were twice those found in the normal diploid ‘S4’. In terms of gas exchange parameters, the change in stomatal conductance, change in intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of the diploid ‘S4’. The chlorophyll contents, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII and the potential photochemical efficiency of PSII in ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of ‘S4’. The chloroplasts of ‘Xingwang’ contained thicker thylakoid lamellae. By the use of Illumina sequencing technology, a total of 51,807 unigenes were obtained; they had an average length of 1,487 nt, and the average N50 was 2,034 nt. The lengths of most of the unigenes obtained ranged from 200–300 bp, with an average value of 5,262, followed by those longer than 3,000 bp, with an average value of 4,791. The data revealed numerous differences in gene expression between the two transcriptomes. In total, 24,221 differentially expressed genes were screened, and the percentage of differentially expressed genes was as high as 46.75% (24,224/51,807), of which 10,474 genes were upregulated and 13,747 genes were downregulated. We analyzed the key genes in the photosynthesis pathway and the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway; the upregulation of HemB may promote an increase in the chlorophyll contents of ‘Xingwang’, and the upregulation of related genes in PSII and PSI may enhance the light harvesting of ‘Xingwang’, increasing its light energy conversion efficiency.

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