scholarly journals Heat-induced Leaf Senescence and Hormonal Changes for Thermal Bentgrass and Turf-type Bentgrass Species Differing in Heat Tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Aba Content

Leaf senescence can be induced by many environmental stresses, including supraoptimal temperatures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate leaf senescence induced by heat stress for two Agrostis species contrasting in heat tolerance and to examine whether heat-induced leaf senescence in both species was associated with changes in three major senescence-related hormones: ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins. Plants of heat-tolerant rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) and heat-sensitive creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were exposed to 35/30 °C (day/night) (high temperature) or 20/15 °C (control) for 35 d in growth chambers. Turf quality, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and the contents of two pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) for both species decreased under high temperature; however, heat-tolerant A. scabra exhibited delayed and less severe decline in all parameters compared with heat-sensitive A. stolonifera. Ethylene production rate increased in both species at 35 °C, but the increase was observed 21 days later in A. scabra compared with that in A. stolonifera. ABA content increased at the initiation of heat stress and then declined in both species after prolonged heat stress. However, the timing of the increase was delayed for 7 days and the highest level of ABA content was less in A. scabra (4.0 times that of the control) than that in A. stolonifera (5.9 times that of the control). Decreases in both forms of cytokinins (transzeatin/zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine) were also delayed for 14 days and less pronounced in A. scabra. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf senescence induced by heat stress was negatively correlated to ethylene and ABA accumulation and positively correlated to cytokinin production. Delayed leaf senescence in A. scabra under heat stress could be related to slower and less magnitude of changes in ethylene, ABA, and cytokinins.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on Physiological and Recovery Growth Status of Two Tomato Cultivars With Different Heat Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo-Young Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature seriously effects on plant vegetative and reproductive development and reduces productivity of plants, while to increase crop yield is the main target in most crop heat stress tolerance improvement breeding programs, not just survival, under high temperature. Our aim was to compare temperature stress tolerance in two commercial tomato cultivars “Dafnis” (big fruit size) and “Minichal” (cherry fruit size) to develop early screening methods and find out survival rate and physiological responses of tomato cultivars on high temperature (40°C and within 70% RH, day/night) in 4-5 true leaf seedling stage- (4LS) and identifies the linkage of heat tolerance with fruit set and leaf heat damage rates (LHD) in seedling stage with subsequent vegetative traits at recovery. Results showed that heat stress significantly affected on physiological-chemical and vegetative parameters of seedlings regardless of tomato cultivars. Survival and the threshold level of high temperature tolerance in the seedlings of cv. “Dafnis” and “Minichal” were identified on days 7 and 9, respectively. Our findings revealed that photosynthesis (PN, Gs, Ci, Tr) parameters were increased and CHL content persisted steady value in cv. “Minichal” during heat stress period, however EC and RPL rates were lower than cv. “Dafnis”. Heat stress reduced the SFW in both cultivars in seedling stage, but PH and RFW were significantly decreased in the heat tolerant cv. “Minichal”, whereas this parameters were not significantly ranged in the heat susceptible cv. “Dafnis”. Additionally, there no found linkage between vegetative parameters with decreasing of PN and CHL rates during HT of seedlings. In plants of cv. “Minichal” with LHD-25, 50 and 75% were no found significant differences in PH, whereas in cv. “Dafnis” significant differences were determined in plants with LHD-75%, and the significant differences in rates of SFW and RFW were observed in plants of cv. “Dafnis” having LHD-75% for 28 days of recovery at NT condition. Taken together, we concluded that heat stress affected on physiological parameters regardless of tolerance level, and to identify heat tolerant genotype in tomato breeding program, screening and selection genotypes have to be evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages with consideration fruit size types. Since we could not find linkage between heat tolerances in seedling stage with fruit set at the reproductive stage and fruit set cannot be used as a general predictor of heat tolerance.

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul- Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.

scholarly journals Sitosterol-mediated Antioxidant Regulation to Enhance Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

2022 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rossi ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Plant Metabolite

Heat stress symptoms in cool-season plants are characterized by loss of chlorophyll (Chl) and membrane stability, as well as oxidative damage. The objectives of this study were to determine whether foliar application of β-sitosterol, a naturally occurring plant metabolite, may promote heat tolerance by suppressing heat-induced leaf senescence as indicated by the maintenance of healthy turf quality (TQ), and Chl and membrane stability; and to determine its roles in regulating antioxidant metabolism in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). ‘Penncross’ plants were exposed to heat stress (35/30 °C day/night) optimal temperature conditions (nonstressed control, 22/17 °C day/night) for a duration of 28 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. Plants were foliar-treated with β-sitosterol (400 µM) or water only (untreated control) before heat stress, and at 7-day intervals through 28 days of heat stress. Plants treated with β-sitosterol had significantly greater TQ and Chl content, and significantly less electrolyte leakage (EL) than untreated controls at 21 and 28 days of heat stress. Application of β-sitosterol reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly at 21 and 28 days of heat stress, and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) from 14 through 28 days of heat stress. β-Sitosterol effectively improved heat tolerance through suppression of leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass exposed to heat stress in association with the alleviation of membrane lipid peroxidation and activation of the enzymatic antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Leaf Trimming and High Temperature Regulation of Phytohormones and Polyamines in Creeping Bentgrass Leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanalkumar Krishnan ◽  
Yingmei Ma ◽  
Emily Merewitz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Hormone Analysis

Mowing frequencies are associated with differences in disease susceptibility of turfgrasses, but how hormones respond to mowing practices are not fully understood. Two independent growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine how leaf trimming and heat stress play a role in modulating endogenous hormones within creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) leaf tissues. The study also aimed to evaluate whether there are hormone changes at 0, 15, and 30 minutes after leaf trimming (wounding). The effects of trimming and temperature on sod plugs of creeping bentgrass ‘Penncross’ and ‘Penn-G2’ were investigated under optimal conditions (23/20 °C day/night) and heat stress (30/25 °C day/night). Plants were 1) untrimmed and sampled by plucking at the leaf base, 2) untrimmed and sampled by cutting at 0, 15, and 30 minutes, or 3) trimmed once every 3 days. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were generally greater in untrimmed plants compared with plants trimmed every 3 days under high temperature conditions. Zeatin riboside (ZR) was lower in untrimmed plants compared with plants trimmed every 3 days. JA and gibberellic acid (GA) accumulated to greater levels in the plants after 15 and 30 minutes of sampling. Polyamines (PAs) exhibited a transient increase in putrescine (Put) due to wounding. The results demonstrate the importance of research practices that consider the timing of sampling turfgrass plants for hormone analysis, help elucidate why mowing practices may play a role in stress susceptibility, and may be applicable to various studies related to leaf wounding.

scholarly journals Melatonin Pretreatment Confers Heat Tolerance and Repression of Heat-Induced Senescence in Tomato Through the Modulation of ABA- and GA-Mediated Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Ahmed Abou El-Yazied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Catabolic Gene ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Heat stress and abscisic acid (ABA) induce leaf senescence, whereas melatonin (MT) and gibberellins (GA) play critical roles in inhibiting leaf senescence. Recent research findings confirm that plant tolerance to diverse stresses is closely associated with foliage lifespan. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the signaling interaction of MT with GA and ABA regarding heat-induced leaf senescence largely remains undetermined. Herein, we investigated putative functions of melatonin in suppressing heat-induced leaf senescence in tomato and how ABA and GA coordinate with each other in the presence of MT. Tomato seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM MT or water and exposed to high temperature (38/28°C) for 5 days (d). Heat stress significantly accelerated senescence, damage to the photosystem and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating RBOH gene expression. Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated heat-induced leaf senescence, as reflected by reduced leaf yellowing, an increased Fv/Fm ratio, and reduced ROS production. The Rbohs gene, chlorophyll catabolic genes, and senescence-associated gene expression levels were significantly suppressed by MT addition. Exogenous application of MT elevated the endogenous MT and GA contents but reduced the ABA content in high-temperature-exposed plants. However, the GA and ABA contents were inhibited by paclobutrazol (PCB, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor) and sodium tungstate (ST, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatment. MT-induced heat tolerance was compromised in both inhibitor-treated plants. The transcript abundance of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes was repressed; however, the biosynthesis genes MT and GA were upregulated in MT-treated plants. Moreover, GA signaling suppressor and catabolic gene expression was inhibited, while ABA catabolic gene expression was upregulated by MT application. Taken together, MT-mediated suppression of heat-induced leaf senescence has collaborated with the activation of MT and GA biosynthesis and inhibition of ABA biosynthesis pathways in tomato.

scholarly journals Evaluation of seedling proline content of wheat genotypes in relation to heat tolerance

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MA Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Seedling of 20 wheat genotypes were grown in Phytotron at about 25 and 35°C for measuring membrane injury in per cent and seedling proline content to investigate seedling proline as screening criterion against heat stress. The wheat genotypes (Bijoy, Sufi, Kanchan, Fang 60, BAW 1059, BL 1883, BL 1022, IVT 7, IVT 8, IVT 9, IVT 10 and BAW 917) showing < 50% membrane injury were grouped as heat tolerant (HT) and the genotypes (Shatabdi, Prodip, BAW 1064, Gourab, Pavon 76, Sonora, Kalyansona and IVT 6) showing ≥ 50% membrane injury were classified as heat sensitive (HS). At high temperature (35°C) the HT genotypes produced more than double (> 200%) proline than that of 25°C but the HS genotypes produced less quantity of proline at 35°C compared to that in HT genotypes. The seedling proline content at 35°C and membrane injury (%) maintained a significant negative correlation (r = – 0.619**) across the 20 wheat genotypes tested. Key words: Membrane thermostability; Seedling proline; Heat tolerance; Wheat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.7991 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 17-22, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals Adaptability to High Temperature and Stay-Green Genotypes Associated With Variations in Antioxidant, Chlorophyll Metabolism, and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation in Creeping Bentgrass Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Li ◽  
Mingyan Tang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Liebao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

High temperature limits the cultivation and utilization of cool-season plants in many regions worldwide. Recently, extreme hot waves swept across the globe in summer, leading to enormous economic loss. The evaluation and identification of genotypic variation in thermotolerance within species are critical to breeding for environmental adaptation and also provide potential materials to explore thermo-resistant mechanism in plants. Forty-two accessions of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), which is a cool-season perennial grass for turf and ecological remediation, were collected from 15 different countries. Physiological traits, namely, chlorophyll (Chl) content, electrolyte leakage, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential were used to evaluate the heat tolerance of these materials in controlled growth chambers and field during summer. Stay-green and early-aging genotypes were selected to further reveal the potential mechanism of tolerance to senescence and heat damage associated with alterations in Chl metabolism, antioxidant and photosynthetic capacity, and endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Findings showed that there were significant genetic variations in physiological traits among 41 materials in response to high temperature stress. The 13M, PROVIDENCE, and LOFTS L-93 were the top three accessions with superior tolerance to heat and summer stress than other materials in terms of laboratory and field tests. In response to heat stress, the stay-green genotype PROVIDENCE exhibited significantly higher photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency than the heat-susceptible W6 6570. Delayed leaf senescence in relation to less Chl loss was detected in the PROVIDENCE associated with maintenance of significantly higher expression levels of Chl-anabolic genes (AsCHLH, AsPBGD, and AsPOR) and lower Chl-catabolic gene AsPPH under heat stress. Genetic attributes, such as better capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species and higher endogenous GABA content could play positive roles in alleviating heat-induced senescence, oxidative damage, and metabolic disturbance in the PROVIDENCE.

scholarly journals Development of an in vitro Microtuberization and Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System to Evaluate Heat Stress Tolerance in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Gautam ◽  
Nora Solis-Gracia ◽  
Megan K. Teale ◽  
Kranthi Mandadi ◽  
Jorge A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature (heat) stress reduces tuber yield and quality of potatoes. Screening potatoes for heat tolerance is increasingly important, considering the climate change scenario and expansion of potatoes to countries where heat stress is an issue. In vitro screening for tolerance to abiotic stresses offers several advantages, including quick evaluation of numerous genotypes (clones) in reduced space, controlled environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod), and free from confounding variables inherent to greenhouse and field conditions. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using a temporary immersion bioreactor system for heat tolerance screening of potatoes. We determined the best hormone-free microtuberizing media for this system (MSG with 8% sucrose) to enhance microtuber number and size. Comparisons of microtubers produced at 30°C as heat treatment, with 16°C as normal condition, allowed to identify heat tolerant and susceptible potato clones. The use of bioreactors allowed distinguishing well-formed (non-deformed) from deformed microtubers. Heat stress increased the total biomass of plant tissues in all the clones. However, the effect of heat stress on microtuber number and weight varied among the clones. Incubation at 30°C decreased the weight and number of non-deformed microtubers in all the clones except for Reveille Russet in which the weight of non-deformed microtubers was significantly increased and the count of non-deformed microtubers was not affected. The potato variety Reveille Russet, which was selected under high-temperature field conditions in Texas, had many non-deformed microtubers per explant and the highest microtuber weight among four clones evaluated under heat stress. We described a faster and reliable in vitro microtuberization system for abiotic stress tolerance screening, identified Reveille Russet as a promising heat-tolerant potato variety, and confirmed Russet Burbank and Atlantic as susceptible heat-tolerant checks.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes for Heat Tolerance at the Flowering Stage in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Maoyan Tang ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High-temperature stress can cause serious abiotic damage that limits the yield and quality of rice. Heat tolerance (HT) during the flowering stage of rice is a key trait that can guarantee a high and stable yield under heat stress. HT is a complex trait that is regulated by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs); however, few underlying genes have been fine mapped and cloned. In this study, the F2:3 population derived from a cross between Huanghuazhan (HHZ), a heat-tolerant cultivar, and 9311, a heat-sensitive variety, was used to map HT QTLs during the flowering stage in rice. A new major QTL, qHTT8, controlling HT was identified on chromosome 8 using the bulked-segregant analysis (BSA)-seq method. The QTL qHTT8 was mapped into the 3,555,000–4,520,000 bp, which had a size of 0.965 Mb. The candidate region of qHTT8 on chromosome 8 contained 65 predicted genes, and 10 putative predicted genes were found to be associated with abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the differential expression of these 10 genes between HHZ and 9311 under high temperature conditions. LOC_Os08g07010 and LOC_Os08g07440 were highly induced in HHZ compared with 9311 under heat stress. Orthologous genes of LOC_Os08g07010 and LOC_Os08g07440 in plants played a role in abiotic stress, suggesting that they may be the candidate genes of qHTT8. Generally, the results of this study will prove useful for future efforts to clone qHTT8 and breed heat-tolerant varieties of rice using marker-assisted selection.

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