scholarly journals Evaluation of Soybean Lines for Edamame Yield Traits and Trait Genetic Correlation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1732-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Liang Jiang ◽  
Laban K. Rutto ◽  
Shuxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Seed Yields

Edamame is a vegetable or specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with high nutrition and market value. The market demand for edamame has significantly increased in the United States since its health and nutritional benefits became recognized. However, there are a limited number of domestically developed or improved edamame cultivars in the United States, and the knowledge of edamame is very limited. In this study, 86 breeding lines and cultivars of maturity group (MG) V and VI developed in the United States were evaluated in replicated field trials for edamame yield and agronomic traits in Virginia in 2015 and 2016. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the genotypes and between years in all the traits investigated (plant height, fresh biomass, pod yield, pod ratio, fresh seed yield, seed ratio, and 100-seed weights), but the yearly differences for dried 100-seed weight and dried-to-fresh ratio of seeds were insignificant. Genotype-by-year interaction effects were not significant in most cases. Estimates of the broad sense heritability varied with traits, from 23% to 88%. Coefficients of phenotypic and genotypic correlation were mostly low, but fresh pod and seed yields were highly correlated. Fresh biomass exhibited a positive phenotypic correlation with pod and seed yields, but the genotypic correlation coefficients were not significant. Twelve breeding lines were preliminarily identified to have greater edamame yield and desired traits. The information generated in this study will be helpful for edamame breeding and commercial production.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Basil Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Wyenandt ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Margaret T. McGrath ◽  
Daniel L. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Foliar Morphology

Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii, is a new disease of basil (Ocimum spp.) in the United States. In 2009, different basil species, cultivars, and advanced breeding lines of sweet basil (30 in total) were evaluated for susceptibility to basil downy mildew in field trials in southern and northern New Jersey. Popular commercial sweet basil cultivars such as Martina, Nufar, and Poppy Joe were among the most susceptible to downy mildew. Symptoms and sporulation of P. belhahrii on Ocimum ×citriodorum and O. americanum cultivars were present but far less than on most O. basilicum cultivars evaluated. The cultivars Spice, Blue Spice, and Blue Spice Fil were the least susceptible to basil downy mildew with no visible symptoms. Similar results were observed in both field trials. This is the first report of potential resistance in Ocimum spp. to basil downy mildew. Observations from this study show that the development of resistant cultivars may be possible. Selection criteria such as foliar morphology, plant architecture as well as the presence of secondary metabolites are being examined as potential traits for developing downy mildew resistant basil cultivars.

scholarly journals (274) Inter- and Intra-specific Variation in Yield and Quality Traits of Chile Pepper Breeding Lines

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021A-1021
Author(s):  
Reddy R. Chinthakuntla ◽  
Frank Matta ◽  
Rao S. Mentreddy ◽  
Umesh Reddy ◽  
Padmavathi Nimmakayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Chile Peppers

Chilepepper (Capsicum spp.) is the third most important vegetable crop in the United States. The market value of chile peppers for spices and condiments exceeds $650 million per year. With a growing Hispanic population across the United States, the demand for high yielding, good quality cayenne pepper continues to increase. In order to fulfill this niche market, a study has been initiated to develop pepper varieties that combine high yield potential with superior agronomic traits, including insect and disease resistance, and fruit characteristics, using molecular marker assisted breeding/selection. In preliminary trials, several F1 generations were created through inter- and intra-specific crosses among 220 germplasm lines belonging to six Capsicumsp. in the greenhouse. Selected F1 progeny, parent lines, and selected accessions were planted in single-row field plots the following summer. The crossing success was higher within species than between. The genotypic variation was significant for all parameters examined. The average percent germination (81.1) of F1 progeny was 32% and 45% higher than that of the parent lines and selected accessions, respectively. The F1 progeny were shorter in height; more vigorous in growth, flowered early, and with fewer, but heavier, fruits per plant out-yielded the parent lines and accessions by 50% and 120%, respectively. The study showed a marked heterosis in F1 progeny compared to the parent lines and accessions. Microsatellite genotyping to estimate genetic diversity and validation of markers that are linked to various traits is in progress and will be discussed in the presentation.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 108. Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Winter Annual

A review of biological information is provided for Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz. A European native, it was introduced into Canada and the United States in the early 1900s and spread rapidly along the railroads. The species occurs in all the provinces and the Northwest Territories and is particularly abundant in the Prairie provinces and mid-western United States. It is a summer annual, rarely a winter annual or biennial species, and is characterized by high reproductive output. Plants occur most commonly on waste ground and along roadsides and railroads, followed by agricultural fields. Erucastrum gallicum is of allopolyploid origins (n = 15, 7 + 8 chromosomes), and contains a single multi-locus isozyme genotype. The species is a close relative of Brassica and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the canola species, B. rapa and B. napus. The possible transfer of genes from transgenic canola varieties to Erucastrum gallicum poses a remote, but potential, environmental risk. Populations of Erucastrum gallicum, including both Old World and North American populations, constitute a valuable germplasm resource as potential sources of beneficial agronomic traits, such as disease resistance for canola crop improvement. Key words: Dog mustard, Erucastrum gallicum, weed biology, risk assessment, germplasm, canola

WELCOMING REMARKS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-792
Author(s):  
Merritt Low
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Academy ◽  
One Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Made In

The American Academy of Pediatrics has long been interested in the control of Childhood Injuries; its first formal committee was the Committee on Accident Prevention. The pediatrician is a primary accident preventer and should indeed have a big stake and commitment here. He is basically a "consumer," yet he must be convinced of the product he uses and in turn passes on. Though he has the humility of an amateur, he is allied with the expert and begs for his help. He sees the great strides made by industry, even in the newly developing area of "off-the-job" safety, and the advances made in the therapeutic but not the prophylactic responsibilities of accident prevention as he surveys the situation. Yet, is he truly convinced? If so, he could do more. We exhort ourselves to immunize our children with a safety vaccine, but is this just borrowed jargon? What are the ingredients of the vaccine? Are they dead or alive? Where are the field trials? Where are the proving figures of effectiveness? A hard look shows us that this number one health problem is not being solved. (I scarcely need remind this group of the statistics and facts: 15,000 children under 15, including 5,000 pre-school children, die of accidents in the United States each year; 15 million children go to doctors for care of accidents in a year; all accidents cost the country over 15 billion dollars a year). In our primary reliance on the tool of "education," we fall victims to the fact-of-life fallacy-if we provide facts we automatically get results.

DSM-5 Field Trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: Test-Retest Reliability of Selected Categorical Diagnoses

2013 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrel A. Regier ◽  
William E. Narrow ◽  
Diana E. Clarke ◽  
Helena C. Kraemer ◽  
S. Janet Kuramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Yield losses of soybeans due to Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. Glycinea

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Ryley ◽  
HF Mosetter ◽  
JL Rose
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Seed Yields

Field trials were conducted in two seasons to determine the influence of Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea on seed yields of soybean genotypes with different levels of resistance. The fungicide metalaxyl, applied as a seed dressing and soil drenches, was used to control the disease. The cultivar Davis, which has high field resistance, did not suffer significant losses in either year. whereas the yield depression of less resistant genotypes ranged up to 72%, depending on the genotype and year. In 198 1 - 82 high death rate of plants occurred early in the season, but yield losses were less than in 1982-83 when mortality occurred late in the season. The declining ability of surviving plants to compensate for disease losses during the latter growth stages may account for the differences in yield losses between seasons.Genotypes with immunity to P. megasperma f.sp. glycinea have been widely grown in the United States because they offer complete protection against some races. However, new pathogenic races have developed quickly, and previously immune genotypes have then suffered severe yield losses. The results of these trials demonstrate that yield losses can be prevented without resorting to fungicide treatments. It is likely that a stable long-term solution to phytophthora root and stem rot will be conferred by field resistance.

Corroboration That Highly Resistant Impatiens Cultivars Are Not Immune to Downy Mildew Disease: A Report of Crop Losses from Two California Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Margery Daughtrey ◽  
Janna Beckerman ◽  
William J. Davis ◽  
Karen Rane ◽  
Jo Anne Crouch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Action Groups ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Two new series of Impatiens walleriana (impatiens) cultivars, Beacon and Imara XDR, were released to commercial growers in the United States in 2019 to 2020. Field trials show these new cultivar series are highly resistant to impatiens downy mildew (IDM). However, neither of these two impatiens series are completely immune to the disease, and preventive fungicide programs are still recommended for use throughout production to maintain plant health. Here we report two destructive outbreaks of IDM from Imara XDR in two commercial production facilities in California, one in 2019 and one in 2020. The disease outbreaks were caused by a known rDNA genotype of Plasmopara destructor (synonym = P. obducens). Modified Koch’s postulates showed that the pathogen could infect and cause disease in both Beacon and Imara XDR plants. Mefenoxam applied by both growers may have been ineffective due to resistance in P. destructor populations, which has been demonstrated on several previous occasions. Given these findings, fungicide programs intended to supplement genetic resistance should not be overly reliant upon application of mefenoxam and should utilize effective materials from different mode of action groups, in rotation. Fungicides to supplement genetic resistance are particularly appropriate in frost-free areas or in any circumstances that provide a potential inoculum source.

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