scholarly journals Photosynthetic Characterization and Response to Drought and Temperature in Wild Asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043
Author(s):  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Domenico Perrone
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maximum Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Interesting Species

The wild asparagus species Asparagus acutifolius L. is widespread in Mediterranean and subtropical environments, where its spears are consumed regularly. The species is known to have ecophysiologic plasticity, however there is no literature on this subject. This work aimed at assessing the photosynthetic characteristics of this wild species of asparagus, grown under full light (FL) and partial (i.e., about 40%) light (PL) conditions, and evaluating its ecophysiologic response to drought and temperature stress. The photosynthetic response to light of spears and of new cladodes (NC; current year) and old cladodes (OC; previous year) was measured using an infrared gas analyzer coupled with a climatized cuvette chamber. Cladodes net photosynthesis at high irradiance was also measured at varying air temperatures and decreasing soil water availability. Results indicate that developing spears were photosynthetically active with no difference between FL and PL treatments. Photosynthetic rates did not differ between NCs and OCs and were greater for FL cladodes, except at low irradiance. Well-watered plants were photosynthetically active from 0 to 45 °C, with a maximum photosynthetic rate of up to 9 µmol·m–2·s–1 at 30 °C and a decrease of about 60% at 45 °C. The species also demonstrated high tolerance to drought, with positive net photosynthesis even at predawn leaf water potential values of –2.4 MPa. Showing great ecophysiologic plasticity, this wild asparagus could be an interesting species in areas were conventional crop species are not profitable economically, or as an intercrop in agroforestry systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Radiation and Temperature on Cranberry Photosynthesis and Characterization of Diurnal Change in Photosynthesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumudini
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Impact

Cranberry [Vaccinium macrocarpon (Ait.)] yield has been associated with photosynthate supply. However, the impact of temperature and radiation on photosynthesis of the cranberry plant is not well understood. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the photosynthetic response to radiation and temperature in order to develop a model for estimation of cranberry photosynthetic rates. Two cranberry cultivars, `Stevens' and `Ben Lear', were tested for photosynthetic response at air temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C and radiation intensities from 200 to 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1. Depending on temperature, maximum photosynthesis (Pmax) was ≈10 or 12 μmol CO2/m2/s (net photosynthesis) and the saturating radiation level was estimated to be 600 to 800 μmol·m-2·s-1. Cranberry quantum yield was estimated as 0.03 mol CO2/mol photon. Both models; Blackman and the nonrectangular hyperbola with a Θ (angle of curvature) of 0.99 were a good fit for measured photosynthetic rates under controlled environment conditions. The disparity between modeled predicted values, and observed values in the field around midday, indicates a reduction in potential photosynthetic rates in a diurnal cycle that is consistent with the phenomenon of midday depression.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Capture Using a Zeolite Molecular Sieve Sampling System for Isotopic Studies (13C and 14C) of Respiration

Radiocarbon ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M L Hardie ◽  
M H Garnett ◽  
A E Fallick ◽  
A P Rowland ◽  
N J Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

A method for collecting an isotopically representative sample of CO2 from an air stream using a zeolite molecular sieve is described. A robust sampling system was designed and developed for use in the field that includes reusable molecular sieve cartridges, a lightweight pump, and a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The system was tested using international isotopic standards (13C and 14C). Results showed that CO2 could be trapped and recovered for both δ13C and 14C analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), respectively, without any contamination, fractionation, or memory effect. The system was primarily designed for use in carbon isotope studies of ecosystem respiration, with potential for use in other applications that require CO2 collection from air.

Frost hardiness and winter photosynthesis of Thujapiicata and Pseudotsugamenzlesll seedlings grown at three rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Davradou ◽  
D. Pier ◽  
R. Shortt
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
P Supply

One-year-old seedlings of western red cedar (Thujapiicata Donn ex D.Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown for one season in five nutrient treatments with nitrogen (N) supplied in solution at rates of 20, 100, or 250 mg•L−1 and phosphorus (P) supplied at rates of 4, 20, or 60 mg•L−1. Growth, onset of dormancy, frost hardiness on six dates, and foliar nutrient concentrations in autumn and spring were measured. Midwinter rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at air temperatures of 4, 7, and 11 °C in seedlings from all nutrient treatments. Recovery of net photosynthesis and transpiration in whole seedlings from the three N treatments was assessed at intervals for 28 days after the seedlings were frozen to −5, −15, and −25°C. Foliar N content differed significantly among nutrient treatments and was positively correlated with supply. Mitotic activity ceased earliest in plants with low N supply. Douglas-fir seedlings in the low-N treatment also ceased height growth earliest. These differences in growth had no significant correlation with frost hardiness. No consistent differences in frost hardiness among nutrient treatments were observed. Higher rates of N and P supply resulted in higher rates of winter net photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis was reduced dramatically by night frost, with greater damage occurring at lower temperatures. Net photosynthesis recovery occurred most quickly in seedlings with the midrate of N and P supply.

Application to Woody Plants of a Rapid Method for Determining Leaf CO2 Compensation Concentrations

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Dickmann ◽  
D. H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

A rapid method of determining CO2 compensation concentrations was developed and applied to woody plants. Whole leaves, needle fascicles, and twigs were excised, the cut ends inserted in a vial of deionized water, and the assembly placed in a Mylar bag. The bag was filled with air containing ca. 400 p.p.m. CO2. After 1 h in a growth chamber (24 °C, 3800 ft-c (40 660 lux)), the air was expelled from the bag through an infrared gas analyzer. Compensation concentrations determined by this method agreed with values obtained by using conventional closed-circuit gas analysis. The method was successfully applied to 14 gymnosperm and 55 angiosperm woody species and clones, including field-grown plants and rooted cuttings grown under controlled environment. Variation among species was small, compensation concentrations usually falling between 55 and 65 p.p.m. CO2, the range associated with C3 plants. The influence of temperature, moisture stress, and leaf ontogeny on leaf CO2 compensation also was studied.

Nondispersive Infrared Gas Analyzer for Vapor Density Measurements of a Carbonyl-Containing Organometallic Cobalt Precursor

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2632-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Maslar ◽  
William A. Kimes ◽  
Brent A. Sperling ◽  
Ravindra K. Kanjolia
Keyword(s):  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Vapor Density ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer was demonstrated for measuring the vapor-phase density of the carbonyl-containing organometallic cobalt precurso μ2-η2-(tBu-acetylene) dicobalthexacarbonyl (CCTBA). This sensor was based on direct absorption by CCTBA vapor in the C≡O stretching spectral region and utilized a stable, broadband IR filament source, an optical chopper to modulate the source, a bandpass filter for wavelength isolation, and an InSb detector. The optical system was calibrated by selecting a calibration factor to convert CCTBA absorbance to a partial pressure that, when used to calculate CCTBA flow rate and CCTBA mass removed from the ampoule, resulted in an optically determined mass that was nominally equal to a gravimetrically-determined mass. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was performed simultaneously with the NDIR gas analyzer measurements under selected conditions in order to characterize potential spectroscopic interferences. Interference due to CO evolution from CCTBA was found to be small under the flow conditions employed here. A CCTBA minimum detectable molecular density as low as ≈3 × 1013 cm−3 was calculated (with no signal averaging and for a sampling rate of 200 Hz). While this NDIR gas analyzer was specifically tested for CCTBA, it is suitable for characterizing the vapor delivery of a range of carbonyl-containing precursors.

TROCAS GASOSAS EM PLANTAS DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR INOCULADAS COM GLUCONACETOBACTER DIAZOTROPHICUS E SUBMETIDAS AOS ESTRESSES SALINO E HÍDRICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Janice Dias ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

The sugarcane crop isconsidered moderately sensitive to environmental stresses, which results in reduced growth and lower productivity. In addition, there is a need for the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizer. A potential and agroecologically correct alternative is the use of nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria, such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. However, under conditions of abiotic stress the benefits from this plant-endophyte association can be altered due to the physiology of stress response. The objective of this work was to study the effect of inoculation of G. diazotrophicus by means of the evaluation of the parameters of gas exchange, in sugarcane plants submitted to salt and water stresses. The rates of stomatal conductance, transpiration and liquid photosynthesis were evaluated by means of a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The results showed that the presence of the bacteria may alter the rates of stomatal conductance and transpiration, interfering in the physiology of response to salinity and drought. Keywords: Endophytic bactéria. Stomatal conductance. Transpiration. Salinity. Drought.

scholarly journals Transpirational Surges in Tamarix and Eucalyptus as Measured with an Infrared Gas Analyzer

1960 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Decker ◽  
Janet D. Wien
Keyword(s):  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Infrared Gas Analyzer for Low Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Watkins ◽  
C. L. Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

scholarly journals Barnyardgrass control using tank-mixed herbicides with saflufenacil and its influence in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassiano Salin Pigatto ◽  
Camila Peligrinotti Tarouco ◽  
Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso ◽  
Álvaro Luis Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Glauco Pacheco Leães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the interaction between herbicides mixed with saflufenacil for the control of barnyardgrass and to determine the effect on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a 2x8 factorial scheme, whose factor A tested resistant and susceptible biotypes; and factor B the herbicides: saflufenacil (70 g a.i. ha-1), clomazone (180 g a.i. ha-1), imazapyr + imazapic (73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1), and cyhalofop (360 g a.i. ha-1), the mixtures of these herbicides with saflufenacil, and control without treatment. Weed control was assessed 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide application (DAA), as well as shoot dry matter at 28 DAA, photosynthetic parameters using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), and emission of chlorophyll a fluorescence after 24 and 28 hours of application of treatments, respectively, and interaction of herbicides. Combination of saflufenacil with the herbicides tested in general did not change the response of both barnyardgrass biotypes to the herbicides used. The resistant biotype showed a lower negative effect on chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis parameters in the combination of herbicides with saflufenacil. The herbicide cyhalofop was effective for the control of ALS-susceptible and resistant barnyardgrass.

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