Albion Strawberry Responds to Mulch Treatments and Low Tunnels Covered with Photoselective Films

The impact of photoselective films on strawberry plants in a low tunnel system has not been well investigated in the northeastern United States, nor have there been studies looking at the effect of mulch color in a plasticulture system. During two separate years (2016 and 2017), we evaluated ‘Albion’ in an annual system with three ground mulch treatments (black plastic, white-on-black plastic, and no plastic) and under six cover treatments. Five of the cover treatments were low tunnel films that varied in their ultraviolet, photosynthetically active, and near-infrared radiation transmission profiles: Tufflite IVTM (TIV), KoolLite Plus (KLP), Trioplast (TRP), and custom-manufactured UV-transparent (UVT) and UV-blocking (UVO) films. The sixth cover treatment was the traditional open bed environment (no low tunnel). ‘Albion’ produced fruit for 18 to 19 continuous weeks during both years until as late as Thanksgiving (24 Nov.) in 2016. Overall, the average marketable yield was greater in 2017 (486 g/plant) than in 2016 (350 g/plant), and it was greater on black mulch than on no mulch (445 vs. 380 g/plant, respectively); white mulch was intermediate (419 g/plant) (P ≤ 0.05). There was not a significant increase in marketable yield under low tunnels compared with open beds. The average fruit mass was greater under KLP and UVO than open beds (TIV and UVT were intermediate), and greater on beds with no mulch than black mulch (white mulch was intermediate). Across cover treatments, plants on black mulch produced more runners than plants on white or no mulch, and the black mulch/open bed treatment generated the greatest number of runners in both years, more than double most other treatments in 2016. The present study demonstrates that mulch selection is important for maximizing the yield of ‘Albion’ in the Northeast region, and that both mulch and cover impact runnering and fruit size. For plant propagators producing ‘Albion’ tips in a field environment, the results of this study suggest they are likely to maximize runner quantity by cultivating plants on black mulch without low tunnel cover.

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Produtividade de tomate orgânico cultivado em diferentes ambientes e níveis de insumos

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i4.3964 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Gisley Karoline Emerick Bitancourt Alves ◽

Antônio Carlos Simões ◽

Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira ◽

Sebastião Elviro Araújo Neto

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Low Level ◽

Ecological Farming ◽

Field Environment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Fruit Mass

A importância alimentar do tomate orgânico aliado a sua baixa produção na Amazônia e a necessidade de baixo uso de insumos para seu cultivo ecológico o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de tomate orgânico cultivado em campo e ambiente protegido com alto e baixo nível de insumos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em ambiente protegido e campo, ambos no delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 3, sendo a parcela principal composta por dois níveis de insumos e a subparcela pelas cultivares copa (Santa Kruz Kada, IPA 6 e Santa Clara), com cinco repetições de cinco plantas cada. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa média de frutos total e comercial (g fruto-1), número de frutos total e comercial por planta, produtividade total e comercial de frutos (kg ha-1). A cultivar IPA 6 em cultivo protegido exigiu maior uso de insumos para aumentar a massa média de fruto total e comercial, produtividade total e comercial, em campo pode se utilizar baixo nível de insumo. O alto uso de insumos é necessário para aumentar a produtividade total e comercial para a cv. Santa Clara em cultivo à campo, ambiente que também necessita de alto uso de insumos para aumentar a massa média de fruto total e comercial a produtividade comercial da cultivar Santa Kruz. Productivity of organic tomato grown in different environments and levels of inputsAbstract: The importance of organic tomato feed associated with their low production in the Amazon and the need for low input to its ecological farming the objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of organic tomato cultivars grown in field and greenhouse with high and low level inputs. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions, both in randomized complete block design comprising plots subdivided into subplots. The plots encompassed of two levels of inputs, while the subplots contained the (Santa Kruz Kada, 6 and IPA Santa Clara), with five replicates of five plants each. The variables evaluated were: total fruit mass and marketable fruit mass (g fruit-1), number of total and marketable fruit per plant, total and marketable fruit yield (kg ha-1). The cultivar IPA 6 in greenhouse demanded greater use of inputs to increase the total and marketable fruit mass, total and marketable yield in field can be used for low level input. The high use of inputs is necessary to increase the total and marketable yield for cv. Santa Clara in the growing field, environment which also requires high use of inputs to increase the total and marketable fruit mass, marketable fruit yield of cultivar Santa Kruz.

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Low Tunnel and Cultivar Effects on Day-neutral Strawberry Yield and Characteristics in New Hampshire

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04317-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 795-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaitlyn M. Orde ◽

Rebecca Grube Sideman

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Plant Size ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Late Season ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Low Tunnels

Day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) cultivars show promise for extending the fruiting season and increasing production in the northeastern United States, but published research on cultivar yield in the region is lacking. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of low tunnels on yield, fruit, and plant characteristics. We evaluated eight day-neutral cultivars (Albion, Aromas, Cabrillo, Monterey, Portola, San Andreas, Seascape, and Sweet Ann) on open beds and under low tunnels in two separate experiments conducted in 2017 and 2018. Cultivars began producing ripe fruit within 10 weeks of planting in both years, and continued producing fruit without interruption for 20 weeks (2017) and 18 weeks (2018). Annual total yield ranged from 234.9 to 497.8 g/plant and marketable yield ranged 126.4 to 389.1 g/plant, depending on cultivar and year. Cultivar significantly affected the percent marketable yield, late season yield, fruit size, soluble solids content (SSC), runner emergence, and plant size. Except for the cultivar Sweet Ann, low tunnels did not increase season-long marketable or total yield, but did increase the percent marketable yield for all cultivars in 2017, and most cultivars in 2018. Furthermore, marketable yield was significantly greater under low tunnels than open beds during 6 late-season weeks in 2018. Fruit SSC was greater under low tunnels in 2018, and low tunnels reduced runner emergence for certain cultivars. Season-long average air temperatures were higher under low tunnels, but the greatest temperature differences occurred when low tunnels were closed. We demonstrate that day-neutral cultivars can produce high annual yields in New England, but that cultivar selection is paramount.

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CULTURAL PRACTICES TO IMPROVE HEIRLOOM TOMATO YIELD

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.496c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 496C-496

Author(s):

Wesley L. Kline ◽

Stephen A. Garrison ◽

June F. Sudal

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

First Year ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Marketable Fruit

The cultivar `Mortgage Lifter' was planted in a 2-year trial to evaluate staking systems. All plots were established with black plastic and drip in a randomized complete block design with three or four replications. In year 1, treatments consisted of straw mulch and plants grown on 4 and 8 ft tomato stakes without straw mulch. In year 2, treatments were added to include topping plants at 4 and 6 ft, when plants grew to the top of the stake and down to touch the plastic or not topping. All were grown on 4-ft stakes. Additionally, plants were grown on 8-ft stakes, but topped at 5, 6, 7, and 8 ft. The first year there were no statistical marketable yield differences between plants grown on 4 or 8-ft stakes, but the yields were significantly higher than the straw mulch treatment after the seventh harvest. The straw mulch treatment did have significantly more cull fruit, lower percentage marketable fruit and a smaller marketable fruit size for all harvests compared to the staking treatments. In year two, there were no statistical differences for marketable yield among the treatments until the late harvests (9–12). For the late harvest, all treatments grown on 8-ft stakes had higher marketable yields than all other treatments. When all harvests were combined, the 6- and 7-ft treatments had higher marketable yields with the exception of the 5- and 8-ft treatments and the 6-ft treatment on 4-ft stakes. Cull fruit yields were only significant among treatments for the mid season harvest (5–8) with the straw mulch treatment having more cull fruit than all other treatments. There were no statistical differences for percentage marketable fruit for any harvest.

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Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7020034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Christopher Menzel

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

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Impact of Incorporating NIR Reflective Pigments in Finishing Coatings of ETICS

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures6060079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Nuno M. M. Ramos ◽

Joana Maia ◽

Andrea R. Souza ◽

Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida ◽

Luís Silva

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Building Performance ◽

Colour Difference ◽

Colour Perception ◽

Composite Systems ◽

Solar Reflectance ◽

Building Cooling ◽

The Impact

Near-infrared (NIR) reflective materials are being developed for mitigating building cooling needs. Their use contributes to broadening the range of colours, responding to the urban aesthetic demand without compromising the building performance. Despite the increase in NIR reflective pigments investigation, there is still a knowledge gap in their applicability, impact, and durability in multilayer finishing coatings of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS). Hence, the main goal of this work consists of evaluating the impact of incorporating NIR reflective pigments (NRP) in the solar reflectance of the surface layer of ETICS, without affecting the colour perception, as well as their influence on the colour durability and surface temperature. As such, colour, solar reflectance, and surface temperature were monitored for 2 years in dark-coloured specimens of ETICS, with and without NRP and a primer layer. It was confirmed that the main contribution of NRP is the increase of solar reflectance and, consequently, the decrease in surface temperature, especially for high exterior temperatures (around 30 ºC). Moreover, these pigments highly increase the NIR reflectance without affecting the visible colour. In addition, they contribute to maintaining the colour characteristics. The application of primer increased the surface temperature, especially for higher exterior temperatures. However, it contributes to a lower colour difference and solar reflectance variation, which is an important achievement for durability purposes.

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The Improvement on the Performance of DMD Hadamard Transform Near-Infrared Spectrometer by Double Filter Strategy and a New Hadamard Mask

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10020149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zifeng Lu ◽

Jinghang Zhang ◽

Hua Liu ◽

Jialin Xu ◽

Jinhuan Li

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Nonuniform Distribution ◽

Stray Light ◽

Spectral Energy ◽

Hadamard Transform ◽

Digital Micromirror Device ◽

Infrared Spectrometer ◽

Near Infrared Spectrometer ◽

The Impact

In the Hadamard transform (HT) near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer, there are defects that can create a nonuniform distribution of spectral energy, significantly influencing the absorbance of the whole spectrum, generating stray light, and making the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectrum inconsistent. To address this issue and improve the performance of the digital micromirror device (DMD) Hadamard transform near-infrared spectrometer, a split waveband scan mode is proposed to mitigate the impact of the stray light, and a new Hadamard mask of variable-width stripes is put forward to improve the SNR of the spectrometer. The results of the simulations and experiments indicate that by the new scan mode and Hadamard mask, the influence of stray light is restrained and reduced. In addition, the SNR of the spectrometer also is increased.

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Cerebral oxygenation monitoring in patients during and after cardiac arrest -- a narrative review of current methods and evidence

10.22514/sv.2021.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Cerebral Oxygenation ◽

The Body ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Oxygen Balance ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽

Oxygenation Monitoring ◽

The Impact

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a leading cause of mortality in post-cardiac arrest (post-CA) patients who successfully survive the initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) but later die in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Therefore, a key priority of post-resuscitation ICU care is to prevent and limit the impact of HIBI by optimizing the balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and demand. Traditionally, an optimal systemic oxygen balance is considered to ensure the brain’s oxygen balance. However, the validity of this assumption is uncertain, as the brain constitutes only 2%of the body mass while accounting for approximately 20% of basal oxygen consumption at rest. Hence, there is a real need to monitor cerebral oxygenation realistically. Several imaging and bedside monitoring methods are available for cerebral oxygenation monitoring in post-CA patients. Unfortunately, each of them has its limitations. Imaging methods require transporting a critically ill unstable patient to the scanner. Moreover, they provide an assessment of the oxygenation state only at a particular moment, while brain oxygenation is dynamic. Bedside methods, specifically near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2), and jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoring (SjvO2), have not often been used in studies involving post-CA patients. Hence there is ambiguity regarding clear recommendations for using these bedside monitors. Presently, the most promising option seems to be using the NIRS as an indicator of effective CPR. We present a narrative review focusing on bedside methods and discuss the evidence for their use in adult patients after cardiac arrest.

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Capnodium citri (sooty mould).

10.1079/cpc.11238.20210099878 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marion Doy

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Plant Surface ◽

Sooty Mould ◽

Sooty Moulds ◽

The Impact

Abstract The impact of sooty mould species may be of little importance economically as the fungi do not obtain food from the crop plant, and mycelial growth is easily removed, leaving the plant surface undamaged. However, sooty moulds affect the ability of the leaf to photosynthesise, thus can lead to early senescence and a reduction in fruit size and quality (Horst, 2008; Ben-Dov and Hodgson, 1997), especially a second crop from an affected tree (Haleem, 1984). Reduced yield due to infection of inflorescences and uneven ripening of fruits have also been recorded as problems associated with sooty mould coverage (Ben-Dov and Hodgson, 1997).

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Quantifying lower tropospheric methane concentrations using GOSAT near-IR and TES thermal IR measurements

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-8-3433-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3433-3445 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. R. Worden ◽

A. J. Turner ◽

A. Bloom ◽

S. S. Kulawik ◽

J. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Surface Fluxes ◽

Vertical Profiles ◽

Monthly Average ◽

Near Ir ◽

Surface Measurements ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

The Impact ◽

Total Column ◽

Methane Concentrations

Abstract. Evaluating surface fluxes of CH4 using total column data requires models to accurately account for the transport and chemistry of methane in the free troposphere and stratosphere, thus reducing sensitivity to the underlying fluxes. Vertical profiles of methane have increased sensitivity to surface fluxes because lower tropospheric methane is more sensitive to surface fluxes than a total column, and quantifying free-tropospheric CH4 concentrations helps to evaluate the impact of transport and chemistry uncertainties on estimated surface fluxes. Here we demonstrate the potential for estimating lower tropospheric CH4 concentrations through the combination of free-tropospheric methane measurements from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and XCH4 (dry-mole air fraction of methane) from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite – Thermal And Near-infrared for carbon Observation (GOSAT TANSO, herein GOSAT for brevity). The calculated precision of these estimates ranges from 10 to 30 ppb for a monthly average on a 4° × 5° latitude/longitude grid making these data suitable for evaluating lower-tropospheric methane concentrations. Smoothing error is approximately 10 ppb or less. Comparisons between these data and the GEOS-Chem model demonstrate that these lower-tropospheric CH4 estimates can resolve enhanced concentrations over flux regions that are challenging to resolve with total column measurements. We also use the GEOS-Chem model and surface measurements in background regions across a range of latitudes to determine that these lower-tropospheric estimates are biased low by approximately 65 ppb, with an accuracy of approximately 6 ppb (after removal of the bias) and an actual precision of approximately 30 ppb. This 6 ppb accuracy is consistent with the accuracy of TES and GOSAT methane retrievals.

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The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/11/1/554 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Racskó ◽

J. Nagy ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

M. Major ◽

J. Nyéki

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Plant Density ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Seedling ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

The Impact ◽

Crab Apple

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca). During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn. Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.

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