scholarly journals Silicon Fertilization Affects Growth of Hybrid Phalaenopsis Orchid Liners

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner A. Vendrame ◽  
Aaron J. Palmateer ◽  
Ania Pinares ◽  
Kimberly A. Moore ◽  
Lawrence E. Datnoff
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Control Water

Experiments were conducted during two different time periods to determine if hybrid phalaenopsis orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.) liners accumulate silicon (Si) and if this element can affect liner growth. A total of 800 liners were evaluated and Si fertilization was performed by applying potassium silicate (KSiO3) as a drench with three treatments (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% v/v) and a control (water, no Si fertilization). The application of KSiO3 affected overall growth of phalaenopsis orchid liners, where Si content of the plant ranged from 0.5% to 1.7%. Overall, Si applied at 0.5% and 1.0% increased fresh weight and dry weight (DW) and at 1.0% Si significantly increased DW of root, shoot, and whole plant over the control. Increases in DW ranged from 27% up to 118%. Results from the second experiment were similar. Other plant parameters evaluated such as leaf number and size, root number, and length were unaffected by Si application. Although leaves of phalaenopsis orchid liners treated with Si appeared darker green when compared with the control, no significant differences were observed in chlorophyll content of leaves. Reduced growth was observed when 2.0% Si was applied affecting Si tissue concentrations and substrate electric conductivity. The data obtained from this study indicate that hybrid phalaenopsis orchid liners are Si accumulators and that this element influences their growth. Further studies are warranted to address the long-term effects of Si fertilization on the complete life cycle of hybrid phalaenopsis orchids.

scholarly journals Cl− More Detrimental Than Na+ in Rice Under Long-Term Saline Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Hanh Duy Dao ◽  
Yoshihiko Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Difference

Rice is considered sensitive to salinity and hence, improving the salinity tolerance of rice is desired to increase productivity. Most research on salinity tolerance for the growth and grain yield of rice focuses on the toxicity of sodium (Na+) and not chloride (Cl−); the information on the negative effects of Cl− on rice is still limited. To learn the difference in the long-term effects of Na+ and Cl− on the whole plant and grain productivities, three rice varieties differing in salinity tolerance were grown in pots irrigated by water with NaCl and KCl in the same molar concentration. The whole plant dry weight and grain yield in all varieties decreased to the same extent after NaCl and KCl treatments compared to the control during the full heading and maturity stages. However, Na+ content in shoots of all varieties under NaCl treatment were higher at all stages than that under KCl treatment and the control. In the most cases, the Cl− content in plants was similar in the NaCl and KCl treatment groups. There was a negative significant correlation between the relative dry weight and grain yield (treated/control) and the Cl− content in the plants. From these results, it was suggested that plant dry weight and grain yield under long-term salinity conditions was reduced by Cl− toxicity rather than Na+ toxicity.

Climate change: a response surface study of the effects of CO2 and temperature on the growth of beetroot, carrots and onions

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. WURR ◽  
D. W. HAND ◽  
R. N. EDMONDSON ◽  
J. R. FELLOWS ◽  
M. A. HANNAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Erect Leaves

Ten daylit, controlled-environment cabinets were used to investigate the possible impacts of global rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.) and bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) plants. Their responses to CO2 concentrations of 350, 450, 550, 650 and 750 vpm and temperatures of 12, 13·5, 15, 16·5 and 18°C were examined by using a fractional factorial design for the two treatment factors. Use of the daylit cabinets allowed the plants to be grown in natural light, common atmospheric humidities (vpd 0·7 kPa) and non-limiting supplies of water and mineral nutrients.Polynomial models were used to summarize the whole plant dry weight and fresh weight yield responses and to indicate the potential impact of climate change. Additionally, the models were used to generate predictions of the percentage change in whole plant dry weight and plant fresh weight yield for the years 2025 and 2050 relative to 1992. Baseline values of 350 vpm for CO2 and a mean temperature of 13·5°C for 1992 together with forecast CO2 values of 407 and 442 vpm and temperature increases of 0·7 and 1·1 C for 2025 and 2050 respectively were used. For 2025, fresh weight yield changes of +19%, +9% and +13% were obtained for beetroot, carrot and onion crops respectively, while for 2050 the respective changes were +32%, +13% and +21%.Measurements of the ratio of the maximum diameter of the bulb to the minimum diameter of the neck for onions showed that there was little or no influence of CO2, whereas the effect of temperature was substantial. Bulbing was accelerated by high temperature and was greatly delayed at low temperature. At temperatures <15°C, the delays to bulbing resulted in the development of undesirable, thick-necked onions which tended to remain green with erect leaves. These results suggest, therefore, that a warmer climate will be advantageous for the commercial production of bulb onions in Britain.

Laboratory adaptation ofBactrocera tryoni(Diptera: Tephritidae) decreases mating age and increases protein consumption and number of eggs produced per milligram of protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meats ◽  
H.M. Holmes ◽  
G.L. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Laboratory Adaptation

AbstractA significant reduction in age of mating occurred during the first four generations (G1–G4) of laboratory adaptation of wildBactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) and this was associated with the earlier attainment of peak egg load although no significant differences were detected in the peak egg load itself. A long term laboratory (LTL) strain had a significantly earlier mating age and higher peak egg load than flies of wild origin or those from the first four laboratory generations. The amount of protein consumed by females in the first week of adult life was significantly higher in the LTL strain than in flies of wild origin or G1–G4 but there were no significant changes (or only slight changes) with laboratory adaptation in the amounts of protein consumed up to the ages of mating and peak egg load. Laboratory adaptation resulted in no significant changes in egg size, egg dry weight, puparial fresh weight and the dry weight of newly emerged females. The large increase in fecundity with laboratory adaptation is associated with a 4- to 5-fold increase in the rate of conversion of dietary protein to eggs (i.e. eggs produced per mg of protein consumed).

scholarly journals Growth of Transplants and in Vitro-cultured Clones of Asparagus in Response to CO2 Enrichment and Supplemental Lighting

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Desjardins ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Michel Lamarre
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) transplants and in vitro-cultured clones were grown and acclimatized under two photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) conditions (ambient and ambient + 80 μmol·s-1·m-2) and three atmospheric CO2 concentrations (330, 900, and 1500 ppm). Short- and long-term effects were measured in the greenhouse and after two seasons of growth in the field, respectively. In the greenhouse, CO2 enrichment (CE) and supplemental lighting (SL) increased root and fern dry weight by 196% and 336%, respectively, for transplants and by 335% and 229%, respectively, for clones. For these characteristics, a significant interaction was observed between SL and CE with tissue-cultured plantlets. In the absence of SL, CE did not significantly increase root or shoot dry weight. No interaction was observed between CE and SL for transplants, although these factors significantly improved growth. It was possible to reduce the nursery period by as much as 3 weeks with CE and SL and still obtain a plant size comparable to that of the control at the end of the experiment. Long-term effects of SL were observed after two seasons of growth in the field. Supplemental lighting improved survival of transplants and was particularly beneficial to in vitro plants. Clones grown under SL were of similar size as transplants after 2 years in the field.

scholarly journals Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Ugese ◽  
P.T. Ezechukwu ◽  
C. Ogbaje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.

scholarly journals Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 7883-7895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-L. Agnalt ◽  
E. S. Grefsrud ◽  
E. Farestveit ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
F. Keulder
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
European Lobster ◽  
Homarus Gammarus ◽  
Pco2 Treatment

Abstract. The ongoing warming and acidification of the world's oceans are expected to influence the marine ecosystems, including benthic marine resources. Ocean acidification may especially have an impact on calcifying organisms, and the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is among those species at risk. A project was initiated in 2011 aiming to investigate long-term effects of ocean acidification on the early life-cycle of lobster under two temperatures. Larvae were exposed to pCO2 levels of ambient water (water intake at 90 m depth), medium 750 (pH = 7.79) and high 1200 μatm pCO2 (pH = 7.62) at temperatures 10 and 18 °C. The water parameters in ambient water did not stay stable and were very low towards the end of the experiment in the larval phase at 10 °C,with pH between 7.83 and 7.90. At 18°, pH in ambient treatment was even lower, between 7.76 and 7.83, i.e. close to medium pCO2 treatment. Long-term exposure lasted 5 months. At 18 °C the development from stage 1 to 4 lasted 14 to 16 days, as predicted under optimal water conditions. Growth was very slow at 10 °C and resulted in three larvae reaching stage 4 in high pCO2 treatment only. There were no clear effects of pCO2 treatment, on either carapace length or dry weight. However, deformities were observed in both larvae and juveniles. The proportion of larvae with deformities increased with increasing pCO2 exposure, independent of temperature. In the medium treatment about 23% were deformed, and in the high treatment about 43% were deformed. None of the larvae exposed to water of pH >7.9 developed deformities. Curled carapace was the most common deformity found in larvae raised in medium pCO2 treatment, irrespective of temperature, but damages in the tail fan occurred in addition to a bent rostrum. Curled carapace was the only deformity found in high pCO2 treatment at both temperatures. Occurrence of deformities after five months of exposure was 33 and 44% in juveniles raised in ambient and low pCO2 levels, respectively, and 21% in juveniles exposed to high pCO2. Deformed claws were most often found in ambient and medium treatment (56%, followed by stiff/twisted walking legs (39%) and puffy carapace (39%). In comparison, at high pCO2 levels 71% of the deformed juveniles had developed a puffy carapace. Overall, about half of the deformed juveniles from the ambient and medium pCO2 treatment displayed two or three different abnormalities; 70% had multiple deformities in the high pCO2 treatment. Some of the deformities in the juveniles may affect respiration (carapace), the ability to find food, or sexual partners (walking legs, claw and antenna), and ability to swim (tail-fan damages).

scholarly journals Correlation between selected parameters of planting material and strawberry yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Bartczak ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh and dry weight, as well as the number and length of roots and number of crowns of different types of plants, on the yield of strawberry grown for the spring and autumn harvests. Three different types of frigo strawberry plants (waiting bed plants, plug plants, A+ plants) and two strawberry cultivars (‘Honeoye’ and ‘Elsanta’) were compared in the experiment. The plants were grown in polypropylene bags in an unheated glasshouse in the years 2002-2005. The correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the relationship of the strawberry plants’ parameters to the yield quantity. An analysis of regression for the plant parameters that most significantly correlated to the strawberry yield was carried out, which determined that the fresh and dry weight of the strawberry plants, crown number, as well as length of roots were positively correlated to the quantity of the strawberry yield. The highest positive correlation coefficient was found for the fresh weight of a whole plant and the lowest one for the number of roots.

Effect of Preservation on the Weight of Marine Benthic Invertebrates

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Mills ◽  
Karin Pittman ◽  
Brent Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Biomass Determination ◽  
Marine Benthic Invertebrates

It would be convenient if preserved animals could be used to determine fresh-weight biomass. However, marine annelids, nematodes, bivalves, amphipods, and isopods all lost weight when preserved and stored in 70% isopropanol. In 10% formalin only bivalves lost weight significantly; the other groups showed evidence of small increases or decreases. Many animals preserved in alcohol decreased sharply in weight within a few minutes, probably due to dehydration. In formalin most increased at first, then slowly decreased. The response to preservatives is complex, involving short-term changes of water content and long-term changes of tissue composition. Precision, though not accuracy, of preserved wet weights can only be achieved after specimens have been in preservatives for a month or more, especially in the case of isopropanol. For these reasons, wet and dry weight biomass figures should be determined from fresh, unpreserved animals.Key words: fixation, preservation (organisms), biomass determination, benthos

scholarly journals Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Waterlogging and Corn Shoot and Root Growth and Development

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Charles Hunt Walne ◽  
K. Raja Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Corn Plants

Short- and long-term waterlogging conditions impact crop growth and development, preventing crops from reaching their true genetic potential. Two experiments were conducted using a pot-culture facility to better understand soil waterlogging impacts on corn growth and development. Two corn hybrids were grown in 2017 and 2018 under ambient sunlight and temperature conditions. Waterlogging durations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days were imposed at the V2 growth stage. Morphological (growth and development) and pigment estimation data were collected 15 days after treatments were imposed, 23 days after sowing. As waterlogging was imposed, soil oxygen rapidly decreased until reaching zero in about 8–10 days; upon the termination of the treatments, the oxygen levels recovered to the level of the 0 days treatment within 2 days. Whole-plant dry weight declined as the waterlogging duration increased, and after 2 days of waterlogging, a 44% and 27% decline was observed in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Leaf area and root volume showed an exponential decay similar to the leaf and root dry weight. Leaf number and plant height were the least sensitive measured parameters and decreased linearly in both experiments. Root forks were the most sensitive parameter after 14 days of waterlogging in both experiments, declining by 83% and 80% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The data from this study improve our understanding of how corn plants react to increasing durations of waterlogging. In addition, the functional relationships generated from this study could enhance current corn simulation models for field applications.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding tyrosine or phenylalanine on the accumulation of polyphenols in Coleus Blumei in Vivo and in Vitro .

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Hala M. Musbah ◽  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽  
Kadhim Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Callus Tissues

Background: Polyphenols are considered an important compound with a wide range of medical activities. Several plant families are rich with phenolics. Attempts have been carried out to increase them at the intact and cellular levels. Objective: The current study aimed to increase the production of polyphenols in Coleus blumei plant using two precursors at the whole and tissue culture levels. Materials and methods: Two precursors namely Tyrosine and phenylalanine at the concentrations 0.20 , 0.25 or 0.30 g.l-1  were added either by spraying on the vegetative parts or supplemented to the tissue culture medium. Total phenols were estimated in the whole plant and compared with the total phenolic content in callus tissues. They were estimated by Folin-ciocalteu and spectrophotometric methods. Induction and maintenance of Coleus callus cultures were carried out on Gamborg medium (B5) for 21 days supplemented with the growth regulators 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-4-D) at 0.8 mg.l-1 , 2 mg.l-1 Benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.5 mg.l-1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Stem explants were used as a source for callus induction. Results: Results showed a significant increase in both fresh and dry weights of the fresh compared with control of intact plants in vivo after treatment with the two precursors. The fresh weight of shoots increased up to 15.9 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. while the fresh weight of the shoots recorded 13.470 g at 0.30 g.l-1 after treatment with phenylalanine compared with the control which recorded 11.05 g. The dry weight of the shoots increased as well up to 3.127 g at 0.30 g.l-1 of Tyrosine treatment compared with control 1.837 g while the dry weight of shoot recorded 2.880 g at 0.30 g.l-1 phenylalanine treatment compared with the control 1.837g. Despite the slight increase in both root fresh and dry weights at 0.30 g.l-1 due to the treatment with Tyrosine or phenylalanine ,such increments were not significantly different with control. Total poly phenols in callus cultures accumulated more compared with mother plants after treatment with precursors. Phenols were also measured in both callus tissue and liquid medium then compared with the whole plant and control treatment. The highest value was recorded in callus cultures supplied with Tyrosine recording 348.36 µg.l-1 at 0.20 g.l-1 of  Tyrosine while phenylalanine treatment recorded the highest weight 293.98 µg.l-1 when applied at 0.30 g.l-1 in both liquid medium and callus tissues. The intact plants however recorded the highest mean in total phenols in plants grown in vivo with mean values 68.58, 66.53 µg.l-1 for Tyrosine and phenylalanine respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that both precursors are good candidates for increasing total phenols in Coleus blumei. Plant tissue culture techniques can be utilized commercially for this purpose.  

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