scholarly journals Greenhouse and Landscape Growth of Tiger Lily Cultivars Following Flurprimidol Preplant Bulb Soaks

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Barnes ◽  
Brian Whipker ◽  
Wayne Buhler ◽  
Ingram McCall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Retail Sales ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Height Control ◽  
White Tiger ◽  
Lilium Lancifolium ◽  
Differential Responses

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the appropriate concentration of flurprimidol for ‘Orange Tiger’ tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium), the persistence of residual effects the following year with ‘Orange Tiger’, and differences in flurprimidol’s effect between tiger lily cultivars. In Expt. 1 flurprimidol was applied as a preplant bulb soak to determine its efficacy on height control of ‘Orange Tiger’ tiger lily. Bulbs were hydrated in 17 °C water for 1 h, allowed to drain 1 h, given 10 min soaks of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg·L−1 flurprimidol, and then allowed to drain for 1 h before potting. In Expt. 2 ‘Orange Tiger’ tiger lilies from Expt. 1 were then planted into outdoor beds to evaluate residual carryover effects of flurprimidol. Expt. 3 involved comparison trials of ‘Pink Tiger’, ‘White Tiger’, and ‘Yellow Tiger’ tiger lilies to determine if cultivars responded differently to flurprimidol drenches. Flurprimidol at 10 to 20 mg·L−1 effectively controlled stem elongation of ‘Orange Tiger’. No residual effect of flurprimidol on ‘Orange Tiger’ plant growth was observed a year after application. Optimal concentrations of flurprimidol for ‘Pink Tiger’ and ‘White Tiger’ were 2 to 5 mg·L−1 and for ‘Yellow Tiger’ 20 to 30 mg·L−1. Results showed that preplant bulb soaks prevented excessive height and provided plants that were more suitable in height for retail sales. Differential responses of ‘Pink Tiger’, ‘White Tiger’, and ‘Yellow Tiger’ tiger lilies to flurprimidol indicate that trials are required to customize optimal concentrations for other cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of Pinching, Number of Cuttings per Pot, and Plant Growth Regulators on Height Control of Purple Firespike

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rezazadeh ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Purple firespike (Odontonema callistachyum), native to Central America, has potential for use as a new flowering potted plant. The effects of number of pinches (zero, one, or two) and number of cuttings (one, two, or three) per 6-inch pot were evaluated on the control of plant height. Plant height was suppressed as the pinch number increased. The greatest reduction was recorded with one cutting per pot and two pinches. The maximum number of branches per pot was recorded with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. In a second experiment, plant growth regulators (PGR) were also tested for efficacy of height control; 2 weeks after pinching, foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, chlormequat, and a tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat or media drenches of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, or flurprimidol were applied. Plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry weight were recorded at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after PGR application. Maximum height control was obtained with uniconazole drench at 8 ppm, resulting in plants 22 cm tall, 61% shorter than the untreated control (56 cm); however, it resulted in severe leaf distortion. Plant height was 56% and 46% shorter than the control using drenches of paclobutrazol at 30 ppm and flurprimidol at 15 ppm, respectively. Daminozide spray at 2000 ppm and tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat at 4500/1500 ppm suppressed stem elongation by 20.3% and 19%, respectively. Plants treated with paclobutrazol drench at 30 ppm reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight compared with other PGRs. Chlormequat spray at tested concentrations was ineffective for controlling firespike plant growth. The most attractive potted plants were produced using a drench application of paclobutrazol at 10 or 15 ppm.

scholarly journals Tomato Early Seedling Height Control Using a Paclobutrazol Seed Soak

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Brigard ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Brian S. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Early Seedling

Tomato seedling hypocotyls elongate rapidly after germination resulting in weak seedlings. The effects of 0, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg paclobutrazol (PB)/L seed soak and soaking times from 1 to 12 hours on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination, seedling growth, and plant growth were tested. Adequate height control was obtained with 250 mg PB/L while soaking time did not affect seedling growth. In a second experiment, PB was tested at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg PB/L soaking the seed for 1 hour. A concentration of PB at 100 mg·L–1 provided optimum control of hypocotyl elongation with minimal residual effect on subsequent plant growth. In a third experiment, seed soaked at the different PB concentrations were germinated and grown under light intensities of 0.09, 50, 70, or 120 μmol·m–2·s–1. Seedlings grown under 0.09 μmol·m–2·s–1 were not affected by PB treatment and did not develop an epicotyl. PB seed soak treatment gave greater growth suppression under 50 μmol·m-2·s-1 than under the two higher light levels. Soaking tomato seeds in 100 mg PB/L for 1 hour prevented early hypocotyl stretch of tomato seedlings with no long term effects on plant growth. This treatment effectively prevented excessive hypocotyl elongation when seeds were germinated under low PAR while not over controlling elongation under high PAR conditions.

scholarly journals Summer Applications of Plant Growth Retardants Affect Spring Forcing of Hydrangeas

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Bailey ◽  
Bernadette Clark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants

Summer spray applications of 5000 ppm daminozide (1× or 2×), 62 ppm paclobutrazol (1× or 2×), or 5 ppm uniconazole (1× or 2×) were applied to seven cultivars (Böttstein, Enziandom, Kasteln, Mathilde Gütges, Merritt's Supreme, Red Star, and Schenkenburg) of florists' hydrangea [Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. macrophylla var. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.] to evaluate cultivar response to plant growth retardants (PGRs). Both daminozide treatments and the 2× uniconazole treatment effectively reduced plant height for all cultivars during the summer growth period; cultivars varied in response to the paclobutrazol treatments and the 1× uniconazole treatment. Daminozide and uniconazole treatments resulted in less elongation than all other treatments during forcing for most cultivars tested. Paclobutrazol treatments had no residual effect on shoot elongation during forcing of the cultivars tested. The 2× treatments of all PGRs decreased inflorescence diameter of some of the cultivars tested compared with nonsprayed controls. Results from this study indicate that 1) summer application of PGRs can have a residual effect on plant height and inflorescence diameter of hydrangeas during the spring greenhouse forcing phase; and 2) hydrangea cultivars differ significantly in response to the PGRs tested. Therefore, the need for height control during the spring forcing period of hydrangeas will vary with cultivar, and it will depend on how plants were treated the previous summer growing season. We recommend that producers of dormant hydrangeas provide records of their summer height control program to forcers so that height control programs during spring forcing can be adjusted appropriately.

scholarly journals 258 Pampas Grass (Cortaderia argentea) Response to Ancymidol, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole Substrate Drenches

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 486E-486
Author(s):  
James Sellmer ◽  
Craig R. Adkins ◽  
Ingram McCall ◽  
Brian Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Linear Dose

Plant growth retardant (PGR) substrate drenches (in milligrams active ingredient) of ancymidol at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4; paclobutrazol at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16; and uniconazole at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 were applied to pampas grass (Cortaderia argentea Nees) to compare their effectiveness at chemical height control during greenhouse forcing and evaluate the residual effect on plant growth in the landscape. Cortaderia argentea plant height exhibited a quadratic dose response to paclobutrazol and uniconazole, while ancymidol-treated plants showed a linear dose effect. During greenhouse production, all rates of uniconazole reduced plant height by 56% to 71% compared to the untreated control, whereas paclobutrazol and ancymidol treatments reduced plant height by 14% to 61% and 0% to 34%, respectively. Severe height retardation was evident at 2 mg of uniconazole. By week 5 in the field all plants treated with uniconazole, paclobutrazol doses of 4, 8, or 16 mg, and with 4 mg of ancymidol were shorter than the untreated control. By week 24 in the field, all plants exhibited similar heights except plants treated with uniconazole at 1, 2, or 4 mg remained shorter than the untreated control. In conclusion, each PGR was effective in controlling plant height of Cortaderia argentea during greenhouse forcing. Furthermore, plants treated with low to moderate rates of ancymidol or paclobutrazol grew out of the regulating effect by week 5 in the landscape. These results demonstrate that PGR can be effectively and economically employed in the production of Cortaderia argentea.

scholarly journals Controlled Water Deficit as an Alternative to Plant Growth Retardants for Regulation of Poinsettia Stem Elongation

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Alem ◽  
Paul A. Thomas ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Target Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants

Production of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) often involves intensive use of plant growth retardants (PGRs) to regulate height. Height control is necessary for visual appeal and postharvest handling. Since PGRs do not always provide consistent height control and can have unwanted side effects, there is interest in alternative methods of height control. Since turgor potential drives cell expansion, and thus stem elongation, drought stress has potential for regulating plant height. Through soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation, the severity of drought stress can be both monitored and controlled. The objective of our study was to compare poinsettia ‘Classic Red’ height control using PGRs (spray, mixture of daminozide and chlormequat at 1000 mg·L−1 each and drench, 0.25 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol) with the use of controlled water deficit (WD). Graphical tracking of plant height, using a final target height of 43.5 cm, was used to determine when to apply PGR or controlled WD. In the WD treatment, substrate volumetric water content (θ) was reduced from 0.40 to 0.20 m3·m−3 when actual height exceeded the expected height. PGR applications (spray or drench) reduced poinsettia height to 39 cm, below the final target level of 43.5 cm. WD resulted in a height of 44.5 cm, closest to the target height, while control plants were taller (49.4 cm). There was no effect of PGR drenches or WD on bract size, while spraying PGR reduced bract size by ≈ 40%. Bract chroma was unaffected by WD or PGR treatments. There was no difference in shoot dry weight between PGR- and WD-treated plants. Lateral growth was reduced by the PGR treatments, but not by WD. These results indicate that controlled WD can be used to regulate poinsettia height.

scholarly journals Residual Effects of Lime- and Clay-Amended Biosolids Applied to Coarse-Textured Pasture Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Lynette K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Wet Weight

This study investigated whether there was residual effect of application of lime- and clay-amended biosolids (LaBC®) on ryegrass growth and soil microbial biomass in a coarse-textured, acid pasture soil. Reapplied LaBC®increased fertiliser-use efficiency and plant growth in this glasshouse experiment. Soil management history was established with a single application of LaBC®(50 t ha−1wet weight equivalent) with or without inorganic fertiliser (NPK) prior to growing annual ryegrass for 5 cycles. In cycle 6 there was no residual nutrient effect of the original application of LaBC®but there was a residual liming effect of the previously applied LaBC®. A nutrient effect of reapplied LaBC®in plant growth cycle 6, had little residual benefit in cycle 7. The residual concentration of inorganic N remaining in this coarse-textured acid soil after a single application of LaBC®was negligible and did not appear to be a risk to the environment when applied at 50 t ha−1wet weight equivalent.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Tomasz Hura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Usage on Corn and Faba Bean Growth, Carbon and Nitrogen Forms in Plants and Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Hassan E. Abd Elsalam ◽  
Mohamed E. El- Sharnouby ◽  
Abdallah E. Mohamed ◽  
Bassem M. Raafat ◽  
Eman H. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Sewage sludge is an effective fertilizer in many soil types. When applied as an amendment, sludge introduces, in addition to organic matter, plant nutrients into the soil. When applied for cropland as a fertilizer, the mass loading of sewage sludge is customarily determined by inputs of N and/or P required to support optimal plant growth and a successful harvest. This study aims to examine the changes in organic matter contents and nitrogen forms in sludge-amended soils, as well as the growth of corn and faba bean plants. The main results indicated that there were higher responses to the corn and faba bean yields when sludge was added. Levels of organic carbon in soil were higher after maize harvest and decreased significantly after harvesting of beans, and were higher in sludge amended soils than unmodified soils, indicating the residual effect of sludge in soil. NO3−-N concentrations were generally higher in the soil after maize harvest than during the plant growth period, but this trend was not apparent in bean soil. The amounts of NH4+-N were close in the soil during the growth period or after the maize harvest, while they were higher in the soil after the bean harvest than they were during the growth period. Total nitrogen amounts were statistically higher in the soil during the growth period than those collected after the corn harvest, while they were approximately close in the bean soil. The total nitrogen amount in corn and bean leaves increased significantly in plants grown on modified sludge soil. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen levels of the maize and beans planted on the treated soil.

scholarly journals Yeast extract plus blood plasma in diets for piglets from 36 to 60 days old

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Cinthia Maria Carlos Pereira ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira Donzele ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Variables

ABSTRACT: To evaluate inclusion levels and residual effects of diets containing yeast extract (YE) plus blood plasma (BP) on the performance of 36 to 60-days old piglets, 105 piglets were used (8.75±0.72kg), and they were distributed under a randomized block experimental design with five treatments (control - 2.0% BP; 1.0% BP plus 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% YE), seven repetitions, and three animals per experimental unit. Piglets were given experimental diets from 36 to 49 days of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, all piglets received the same diet. No effects from treatments (P>0.10) were observed on the performance variables from 36 to 49 day of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, an effect was observed from YE levels on the daily feed consumption (P<0.03), daily weight gain (p<0.01), and final weight (P<0.06), which increased quadratically up to 1.67, 1.67, and 1.55% YE levels, respectively. Piglets which were fed with the diet containing 1.0% BP + 2.0% YE were observed to have better feed conversion ratios (P<0.01) as compared to the control diet (2.0% BP). As it provides a better residual effect, the inclusion of 1.67% yeast extract may replace 50% of blood plasma in 36 to 49-days old piglet diets.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAJALA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Division Cell

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.;

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