scholarly journals Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Tomasz Hura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Faisal Imran ◽  
Rashid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽  
Tariq Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Bitter gourd is one of the important cucurbits and highly liked among both farmers and consumers due to its high net return and nutritional value. However, being monoecious, it exhibits substantial variation in flower bearing pattern. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to influence crop phenology while gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most prominent PGRs that influence cucurbits phenology. Therefore, a field trial was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of a commercial product of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, yield and quality attributes of two bitter gourd (Momordica charantiaL.) cultivars. We used five different concentrations (0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, 1.0 g, and 1.2 g per litre) of commercial GA3 product (Gibberex, 10% Gibberellic acid). Results showed that a higher concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 g L−1 water) enhanced the petiole length, intermodal length, and yield of bitter gourd cultivars over control in Golu hybrid and Faisalabad Long. A significant decrease in the enzyme superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities were observed with an increasing concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 gL−1 water) as compared to control. These results indicate that the exogenous application of gibberex at a higher concentration (1.2 g L−1) has a dual action in bitter gourd plant: i) it enhances the plant growth and yield, and ii) it also influenced the antioxidant enzyme activities in fruits. These findings may have a meaningful, practical use for farmers involved in agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals Sensory acceptance and characterization of yoghurt supplemented with yacon syrup and cashew apple extract as a source of bioactive compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hérica de Lima Mendes ◽  
Ana Paula Dionísio ◽  
Carlos Farley Herbster Mouta ◽  
Fernando Antonio Pinto de Abreu ◽  
Claudia Oliveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Yacon syrup (YS) and cashew apple extract (CAE) are products with high concentrations of bioactive compounds such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, which exhibit prebiotic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of YS and CAE on the chemical, physical, physicochemical and sensory properties when these products were incorporated into natural yoghurt. Initially, the YS and CAE were characterized by chemical, physical and physicochemical analyses. The bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were also determined. After characterization, natural yoghurt was supplemented with YS and CAE in different concentrations as follows: formulation A (non-supplemented yoghurt, as the control), formulation B (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS), formulation C (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 10% of CAE) and formulation D (yoghurt with the addition of 20% of YS and 20% of CAE). The formulations were evaluated for their sensory acceptance (overall acceptance, texture and appearance) and purchase intent, and were then characterized by chemical, physicochemical and physical analyses. The results indicated that the YS and CAE presented high concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as fructooligosaccharides and carotenoids, respectively. In addition, when the yoghurt was supplemented with these products, this induced changes in the chemical, physicochemical and physical properties of the yoghurt. In the sensory analysis, all the formulations presented good acceptance. The results indicated that yoghurt could be considered as an interesting vehicle for YS and CAE, products with high levels of bioactive compounds that may exert beneficial effects on human health.

scholarly journals Changes in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters under impact of various sapropel concentrations

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martynas Klepeckas ◽  
Irena Januškaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sapropel of Tarosiškis Lake on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthesis parameters (the  content of chlorophylls and chlorophyll fluorescence). Plants were sown in one-litre-volume pots by 10 seeds with light loamy soil and grown in growth chambers. Considering sapropel composition, 2.2, 3.1, and 4  t/ha dry sapropel concentrations were chosen for investigation. Sapropel-affected plants were compared with plants grown in unfertilized soils and soils fertilized with inorganic fertilizer. On day 14 of the experiment, when the plants reached the two-leaves development stage (BBCH 12), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the  investigated plants were measured. Then the plants were grown for another four weeks and at the stem elongation stage (BBCH 31) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured repeatedly, and the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured as well. By increasing sapropel concentration in soil, the ratio Fv/Fm in wheat leaves increased (r = 0.97) significantly (p  0.05). Fv/Fm of barley followed the same tendency. By increasing sapropel concentration, the PI index value also increased for wheat (r = 0.4; p > 0.05) and barley (r = 0.82; p 

scholarly journals Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Md. Quamruzzaman ◽  
S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik ◽  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Meixue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants’ adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow “window” in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost–benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Dietary Choline Impact on Cognition from a Psychobiological Approach: Insights from Animal Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Fernando Gámiz ◽  
Milagros Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychobiological Approach ◽  
Dietary Choline

The influence of dietary choline availability on cognition is currently being suggested by animal and human studies which have focused mainly on the early developmental stages. The aim of this review is to systematically search through the available rodent (rats and mice) research published during the last two decades that has assessed the effect of dietary choline interventions on cognition and related attentional and emotional processes for the entire life span. The review has been conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines covering peer-reviewed studies included in PubMed and Scopus databases. After excluding duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria we have reviewed a total of 44 articles published in 25 journals with the contribution of 146 authors. The results are analyzed based on the timing and duration of the dietary intervention and the behavioral tests applied, amongst other variables. Overall, the available results provide compelling support for the relevance of dietary choline in cognition. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation is more evident in recognition rather than in spatial memory tasks when assessing nonpathological samples whilst these effects extend to other relational memory tasks in neuropathological models. However, the limited number of studies that have evaluated other cognitive functions suggest a wider range of potential effects. More research is needed to draw conclusions about the critical variables and the nature of the impact on specific cognitive processes. The results are discussed on the terms of the theoretical framework underlying the relationship between the brain systems and cognition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Peat and Vermicompost Cavitation Products on the Soil Biological Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Vilhelmine Steinberga ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Ina Alsina ◽  
Galina Gmizo ◽  
Solveiga Malecka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Commercial products with humic substances have often been recommended for plant growth stimulation and yield improvement. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of two products, containing cavited peat and vermicompost respectively on the soil biological activity. Vegetation experiments with garden cress and cucumbers were arranged in pots with a peat substratum in the greenhouses of the Latvia University of Agriculture. The plants were treated with the preparations once a month. The first treatment was done at sowing. Dose of 20, 2, 0.2 mL per m2 during each treatment time were used. A control variant was without peat or vermicompost preparation. Field experiments with onions were carried out in the organic farming experimental field of the Latvia State Institute of Cereal Breeding. Plant growth and soil (substratum) biological activity (respiration and enzymatic activity) were tested. Plant growth and response to the different preparations depended on the plant species and its development stage. The effect of preparations decreases during plant development. The impact of peat or vermicompost preparation on soil biological activity depended not only on the concentration of preparation, but was influenced by the soil or growth media type. The decrease of onion yield in field conditions as a result of preparations was observed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selenium Fertilization on the Quality Characteristics of Spring Wheat Grain

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2100
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radawiec ◽  
Beata Rutkowska ◽  
Justina Anna Tidaback ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Tomasz Knapowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selenium Fertilization

Selenium is a micronutrient that is important for the proper functioning of the body. The research presented in this paper investigated the impact of various methods of selenium fertilization at various stages of plant growth on its content in grain and the quality properties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selenium fertilization did not affect the grain yield; however, it increased the selenium content in the grain. The research results showed that the accumulation of Se depends not only on the dose of the fertilizer but also on the stage of plant growth when the element is introduced. The most effective method of fertilization proved to be seed treatment and soil application combined with the foliar application at the tillering and stem elongation stages (G + S + F1-2), as well as at the stem elongation stage alone (G + S + F2). In terms of quality characteristics, the impact of selenium fertilization was observed only in the case of the falling number and the total protein content; all the parameters allowed for the grain to be classified as suitable for bread-making. Selenium fertilization can be considered as a safe way of increasing the Se content in spring wheat, which may contribute to an increase in the technological quality of the grain and its nutritional value.

Radiation Induced Effects on Properties of Semiconducting Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Tripathi ◽  
Jagdish Kaur ◽  
R. Ridhi ◽  
Kriti Sharma ◽  
Ramneek Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Irradiation Induced Defects

The irradiation of nanomaterials with energetic particles has significant effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known detrimental effects of irradiations, they have also some beneficial effects on the properties of nanomaterials. Irradiation effect can change the morphology of the materials in a controlled manner and tailor their mechanical, structural, optical and electrical properties. Irradiation induced modifications in the properties of nanomaterials can be exploited for many useful applications. With the aim of getting better performance of electronic devices, it is necessary to discuss the irradiation induced changes in the nanomaterials. In order to improve the irradiation hardness of electronic components, it is also crucial to have a fundamental understanding of the impact of the irradiation on the defect states and transport properties of the host material. In the present article, we review some recent advances on the irradiation induced effects on the properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. We have reviewed the effect of different types of irradiations which includes γ-irradiation, electron beam irradiation, laser irradiation, swift heavy ion irradiations, thermal induced, and optical induced irradiations, etc. on the various properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. In addition, the irradiation induced defects are also discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Soft White Winter Wheat under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Scenarios in Irrigated Fields

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijun Qin ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Don Wysocki ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Guojie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact

Lodging in cereal crops can result in yield loss and harvesting difficulties for growers. Application of plant growth regulator (PGR) has been an indispensable management practice to reduce lodging problems that are often exacerbated during high wind growing conditions and/or high nitrogen (N)/water environments, but the data is limited in the Columbia Basin of Oregon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two PGR products (chlormequat chloride-CC, trinexapac-ethyl-TE) at different rates and application timings on two soft white winter wheat varieties (ORCH-102 and SY Ovation). Crop growth (stem height and thickness), yield-related (spike density as ears m−2, seeds per spike, grain weight) and quality parameters (test weight, protein) were measured for two cropping seasons from October 2017 to July 2019 following the application of the two PGR products at tillering (GS21-26), stem elongation (GS30-32), and/or flag leaf (GS37-39) stages under a high-N fertilizer scenario. In both growing seasons, no lodging problems were recorded for any treatments. The plant height was reduced after PGR application, but the impact on stem thickness was limited. PGR application slightly affected wheat yield, yield components, testing weight, and protein level in both growing seasons. Our results suggested that the effect of PGR application is relatively limited if no lodging problem occurred.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document