scholarly journals Characterizing Wine Grape Production and Producers in Pennsylvania: Results of a Recent Survey

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Goulart ◽  
Kathleen Demchak
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
History Of

While the Pennsylvania wine industry was established early in the history of the European settlement in the state, the current industry was spawned relatively recently by virtue of the Pennsylvania Winery Act in 1968. The industry is widely distributed, with wineries and wine grape production throughout the state, however the primary center of production is in southeastern Pennsylvania, where climatic conditions allow for the production of some of the hardier European wine grapes. A second, much smaller cluster of production is along Lake Erie, within the zone of more temperate weather induced by the lake. A third region is scattered throughout the harsher environments of the rest of the state. These regions are characterized not only by climatic differences, but by differences in producer demographics, clientele, pest complexes, cultivar preferences and obstacles to production. The industry is built primarily on French-American hybrid production, however European grapes are being produced, are in demand, and as such, are commanding relatively high prices.

scholarly journals Codling-moth Investigations of the State Entomologist's Office

1922 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 219-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonal History

To secure accurate data in regard to the life history and the seasonal history of the codling-moth in Illinois, and the relation of climatic conditions to the rate of development and the time of appearance of the various stages of the insect, an investigation was begun in the spring of 1915 under the direction of Doctor S. A. Forbes, then State Entomologist.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF KOLOSOVSKY DISTRICT (OMSK REGION) IN THE XVI – EARLY XX CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
E. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
History Of

The current paper features the peculiarities of colonization of the Kolosovsky district of the Omsk region in the 16th – early 20th centuries. The author integrally approaches the study of this process, analyzing the main ways of settling and economic development of the area. Considerable attention is paid to the factors that conditioned the process of development of the territory. The formation of the rural settlement network of the district, in many ways, was determined by the vectors of state policy, in particular, the policy of resettlement of peasants from the country's low-land regions. Favorable geographical and climatic conditions, the presence of the river artery made the territory of the Kolosovsky district attractive for settlers, who both established their own settlements and settled in old-timer villages. The history of the region is considered in the mainstream of the history of the state, taking territorial features into account. The article outlines the stages of development of the territory, characterizes each of them, by emphasizing the economic activity development. The author gives specific dates for the formation of villages, analyzing the available foundation versions.

scholarly journals Modeling Land Suitability for Vitis vinifera in Michigan Using Advanced Geospatial Data and Methods

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Dan Wanyama ◽  
Erin L. Bunting ◽  
Robert Goodwin ◽  
Nicholas Weil ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
History Of

Michigan (MI) has a long history of diverse agricultural production. One of the most rapidly expanding and profitable agricultural crops, wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), has only been in cultivation across MI since the 1970s. As of 2014 more than 2100 acres of Vitis vinifera were growing statewide. With such success there is a push to rapidly develop more vinifera vineyards across the state. The industry is striving to have 10,000 acres in cultivation by 2024. This study presents a data-driven approach for guiding decision making to make this goal attainable. The study models land suitability across the state using environmental, climate, topographic and land use data to understand the most to least ideal portions of the landscape for vinifera establishment. The models are tested in 17 MI counties. The study found that land suitability for viticulture has expanded and therefore, viticulture can be extended beyond the traditional growing areas. This study suggests that warming temperatures have influenced land suitability and demonstrates the application and utility of GIS-based land suitability modeling in viticulture development. Maps produced in this study provide knowledge of the climate and environmental trends, which is critical when choosing where and what cultivar to grow. With such resources, growers can be better prepared to invest and expand this pivotal agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Vitis vinifera Production in Michigan: Factors and Trends Driving Cultivation Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Bunting ◽  
Dan Wanyama ◽  
Robert Goodwin ◽  
Nicholas Weil ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Cool Climate

Vinifera cultivation is a thriving and growing industry across the state of Michigan (MI), United States. Extensive time, funds, and effort have been applied by the industry to promote growth and the onset of new producers. Specifically, Vitis vinifera wine grapes, which have been cultivated in MI since the 1970s, have seen a rapid expansion and investment from both first-time and legacy growers. However, historically, the climate of MI presented a challenge for cultivation because of low growing season temperatures (GSTs), short growing seasons, and excessive precipitation at the time of harvest. Over time, two key factors have led the MI wine industry to overcome the challenging climate. First, as seen in the literature, there are noted changes in climate, especially since the late 1980s, leading to more favorable conditions for cultivation. Second, MI growers traditionally focused on V. vinifera cultivation, which is susceptible to low winter temperatures, selected less vulnerable regions within the state while also focusing on vine protection techniques. Given the rapid growth of the wine industry across MI, there is a need to understand suitability and its drivers to help all growers make economically impactful decisions on production and expansion of wine grapes. This article looked to study the suitability of MI vinifera across the state in two ways. Initially, through an extensive literature review, the key drivers and commonly noted trends guiding vinifera production were chronicled. Second, through a trend analysis of the key drivers of suitability, the study investigated how such variables are changing significantly over space and time. The results of this study expand the knowledge of cool climate agriculture production and suitability for cultivation and highlight the complexity of relating suitability drivers for non-cool climate to cool climate vinifera cultivation.

scholarly journals First Report of Grapevine fleck virus in Idaho Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1705-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kanuya ◽  
L. A. Clayton ◽  
R. A. Naidu ◽  
A. V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Nez Perce ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Idaho has a growing viticulture industry, with nearly 1,600 acres of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Production is largely concentrated in two locations, the Snake River valley, which includes Canyon County in the southwest, and the Clearwater River valley, primarily Nez Perce County in the northwest. Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) belongs to the genus Maculavirus, family Tymoviridae, comprising positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with ca. 7.6-kb genome (3). It is one of five non-mechanically transmitted viruses associated with the fleck disease complex and has been previously documented to occur in the neighboring state of Washington (2). Main sources of wine grape nursery material imported to Idaho reside in Washington or in California, and it is important to monitor virus status of the planting material brought to the state. However, no information was available on the occurrence and prevalence of GFkV in wine grapes in Idaho. During three growing seasons in 2009 through 2011, random grapevine samples were collected in 14 vineyards in Canyon, Elmore, Ada, and Nez Perce counties. A total of 434 samples were tested by one step RT-PCR using GFkV-specific primers, GFkVf: 5′-TGACCAGCCTGCTGTCTCTA-3′ and GFkVr: 5′-TGGACAGGGAGGTGTAGGAG-3′ designed to amplify a fragment of the GFkV capsid protein gene (1). Twenty-four samples tested positive for GFkV by RT-PCR and produced the expected 179-bp DNA fragment. These samples came from five vineyards sampled across all surveyed counties, and represented seven wine grape cultivars, including Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Lemberger, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and one unknown table grape cultivar. Twelve PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy plasmid vector (Promega), sequenced (numbered ID1 to 12, available upon request), and confirmed to represent fragments of the GFkV CP gene between positions 6,453 and 6,631 in the genome of GFkV isolate MT48 (GenBank Accession No. AJ309022.1). Eight of the Idaho GFkV sequences (ID2, ID3, ID7 to 11, and ID12) matched closely with other GFkV sequences from Washington State, Italy, India, and South America, showing 97 to 99% identity at the nucleotide level in pair-wise comparisons. Four GFkV sequences from Idaho (ID1 and ID4 to 6) showed only modest (90 to 92%) identity in pair-wise comparisons with GFkV sequences available in GenBank. Consequently, in phylogenetic reconstructions eight Idaho GFkV sequences clustered in the same lineage with the six GFkV sequences deposited in GenBank, and four other GFkV sequences were placed outside of this main clade. It is possible that this phylogeny of the Idaho GFkV reflects different sources of the virus-infected planting material brought to the state. In the absence of symptoms expressed in wine grape cultivars infected with GFkV, laboratory methods remain the only tool to detect the virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GFkV found in wine grapes in Idaho demonstrating its substantial presence in production areas. References: (1) G. Gambino and I. Gribaudo. Phytopathology 96:1223, 2006. (2) R. A. Naidu et al. Plant Dis. 94:784, 2010. (3) S. Sabanadzovic et al. J. Gen. Virol. 82:2009, 2001.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

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