scholarly journals Understanding Motivations for Gardening Using a Qualitative General Inductive Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy McFarland ◽  
Tina M. Waliczek ◽  
Coleman Etheredge ◽  
Aime J. Sommerfeld Lillard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Personal Productivity ◽  
Nutrition Economics

Although some benefits of gardening have been documented, motivations regarding participation in gardening are often considered based on anecdote. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative analysis to explore reasons gardeners from different genders and generations participate in gardening. The questions developed for this study were intentionally exploratory and left open-ended to gather a large variety of responses. Surveys were collected from 177 individuals between the ages of 7 and 94 years old. Responses were categorized into themes identified through the literature review, the pilot study, and through exploration of the data. Responses could fit into as many categories as were mentioned by the respondents and were categorized by three independent coders. Interrater reliability was assessed using a two-way mixed, absolute agreement, average measures intraclass correlation (ICC) and determined the degree to which coders provided consistency in their ratings across participants. Themes developed through this survey included “social interaction,” “aesthetics,” “food availability/health/nutrition,” “economics,” “therapeutic,” “environmental benefits,” “nostalgia,” and “personal productivity.” Themes of personal productivity and nostalgia are those which have not occurred in previous research. Statistically significant differences were found in comparisons among males and females with more males gardening for food/health/nutrition and for reasons regarding nostalgia. More females reported gardening for personal productivity when compared with males. No significant difference was identified in comparisons of gardeners from various age groups indicating that gardeners across generations have similar intentions and receive similar benefits.

Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Batman Mjelle ◽  
Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽  
Roald Flesland Havre ◽  
Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

Distribution and abundance of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) and its vector Hyalomma aegyptium in tortoises of Iran

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Javanbakht ◽  
Pavel Široký ◽  
Peter Mikulíček ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Vector Tick ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractDistribution pattern, prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia of heteroxenous apicomplexan blood parasite Hemolivia mauritanica and its vector tick Hyalomma aegyptium have been studied in 264 tortoises (212 Testudo graeca and 52 T. horsfieldii) throughout the Iranian territory. In T. graeca the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia for H. mauritanica were recorded in the temperate mid and northern parts of the Iranian plateau, while the lowest values were found in the arid central part of Iran. No Hemolivia-positive samples were found in T. horsfieldii. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were diagnosed in both tortoise species. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium were recorded in western part of Iran, where climatic conditions are not so arid compared to central and eastern parts. No significant differences were found in intensity of parasitaemia of H. mauritanica between males and females. Similarly, no differences in intensity of parasitaemia were detected between different age groups (adults; more than 10 years, young; 5-10 years and juveniles; less that 5 years). Prevalence of H. mauritanica and H. aegyptium in adults was higher than in young and in juveniles. While intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium was significantly higher in adult tortoises compare to juveniles, no significant difference were found between intensity of H. aegyptium infestation in male and female tortoises.

scholarly journals Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Jha ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in the Population of Albania for the Period 2007-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hysaj Vila Brunilda ◽  
Shundi Lila ◽  
Abazaj Erjona ◽  
Bino Silva ◽  
Rexha Tefta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a blood-borne, infectious, viral disease that is caused by a hepatotropic virus called Hepatitis C virus (HCV).AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of active HCV infection (HCV–RNA) in the cases that were anti-HCV positive.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma of 301 high-risk for HCV infection consecutive from University Hospital Centre “Mother Theresa” Tirana-Albania, during January 2007 to December 2010 was included in this study. To identify the presence of HCV RNA, the samples were examined by Cobas Amplicor HCV test (qualitative method).RESULTS: From 301 samples analyzed in total, 214 of them resulted positive for the presence of HCV-RNA's, corresponding to a prevalence of 71.1%, with 95% CI interval [65.8 - 75.9] for value of χ2 = 52.7 p value <0.0001. Divide by the sex 56% were males and 44% females, with statistically significant difference between them for value χ2 =4306 p value=0.0380. Among the age groups the highest prevalence was observed in the age groups > 25 years with a significant difference with other age groups for p value <0.001.CONCLUSION: Among tested samples, 71.1 % were confirmed to be positive for HCV –RNA infections. The prevalence of male was highest compared to female. For males and females infected the prevalence was highest in the age group of > 25 years.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: a pilot study for Bulgarian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yaneva ◽  
R Massaldjieva ◽  
N Mateva ◽  
D Bakova
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a concept used to represent the individual differences in processing cognitive tasks, allowing to cope with the pathology of the brain. CR describes the individual brain potential as a result of various activities during the lifespan. The study of this construct could open one more “door” on the path to the prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the CR as a part of a project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various options for stimulating active aging. Methods The Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) was translated into Bulgarian and was administered to 114 healthy participants (84,2% female and 15,8% male), aged 23 to 84 years (M = 52,40 SD = 16.81), divided into three age groups (up to 44, 45- 69 and over 70 years old). An individual CRI-level was calculated based on the subscores for education, working activity and leisure time. Non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used for statistical analysis. Findings The CRI-level depends significantly on age (χ2=31.834, (df = 6), p &lt; 0.001) but does not depend on gender (p = 0.257). Significant difference was found in three age groups for the total CRI-score (p &lt; 0.001), CRI-Education (p &lt; 0.001) and CRI-WorkingActivity (p &lt; 0.001) except for CRI-LeisureTime score (p = 0.547). The total CRI-score significantly correlate with CRI-Education (r = 0.863), CRI-WorkingActivity (r = 0.809) and CRI-LeaisureTime (r = 0.414). Key messages The CRIq is an easy to administer instrument that could help the assessment of the cognitive reserve in Bulgarian population. The cognitive reserve depends on human behavior through the life span and this fact gives new opportunities for prevention of diseases associated with cognitive dysfunctions in human aging.

scholarly journals In Vivo Randomized Controlled Study of the Bone Response of All-Suture Anchors and Biocomposite Anchors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596712091496
Author(s):  
Christopher M.B. Stewart ◽  
Haseem Raja ◽  
Emma Torrance ◽  
Lennard Funk
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Suture Anchor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Suture Anchors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Suture anchors are widely used for labral reconstruction surgery. However, there has been some concern over the development of osteolysis around the anchor. This has been reported for both biocomposite and all-suture anchors, but they have not been compared directly in vivo. Purpose: To compare the bone response to 2 common suture anchors: a traditional biocomposite push-fit anchor and an all-suture anchor. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included in this study were 17 patients with a total of 37 unique suture anchors. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at 3 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 38 senior radiologists and shoulder surgeons evaluated the images using a previously validated system for grading the bone response around suture anchors. The mean difference in grading at 3 weeks and 6 months was calculated using unpaired t tests, and the interrater reliability was evaluated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: At 3 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of osteolysis surrounding each suture anchor type ( P = .258), with little bone response. However, on the 6-month scans, there was a significantly lower level of osteolysis seen in the all-suture anchors compared with the biocomposite anchors ( P = .040). Interrater reliability was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.975 (95% CI, 0.962-0.985). Conclusion: All-suture anchors cause significantly less osteolysis in glenoid bone at 6 months compared with biocomposite anchors.

Volumetric analysis of vocal fold atrophy via magnetic resonance imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saint-Victor ◽  
E Barbarite ◽  
C Sidani ◽  
R Bhatia ◽  
D E Rosow
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively test the hypothesis that older patients have increased thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy by comparing thyroarytenoid muscle volumes across different age groups.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted. The study included 111 patients with no history of laryngeal pathology. Two investigators reviewed magnetic resonance imaging studies of these patients and manually traced the thyroarytenoid muscles on multiple slices bilaterally. Thyroarytenoid muscle volumes were then computed using imaging analysis software. Patients were stratified into three age groups (18–50 years, 51–64 years, and 65 years or older) for comparison.ResultsIntra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent for all measurements (intraclass correlation co-efficient > 0.90). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean volumes of left and right thyroarytenoid muscles in all age and gender groups.ConclusionGiven the lack of statistically significant difference in thyroarytenoid muscle volume between age groups on magnetic resonance imaging, the prevailing assumption that age-related thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy contributes to presbyphonia should be re-examined.

scholarly journals Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revant H. Chole ◽  
Ranjitkumar N. Patil ◽  
Swati Balsaraf Chole ◽  
Shailesh Gondivkar ◽  
Amol R. Gadbail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction. Gonial angle and antegonial region are important landmarks in mandible which is influenced by gender, age, and dental status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth and to investigate their relationship to gender, age group, and dental status. Materials and Methods. A total of 1060 panoramic radiographs were evaluated: the dentulous group, 854 subjects and the edentulous group, 206 subjects. The patients were grouped into six age groups of 10-years each. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth were measured from panoramic radiographs. Results and Discussion. Corelation of age with gonial angle, antegonial angle and antegonial depth was not significant. Significant difference in mandibular angle was found between males and females. Males had significantly smaller antegonial angle and greater antegonial depth than females. Significant difference was found for gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth between right and left sides of mandible. Conclusion. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth can be implicated as a forensic tool for gender determination but not suitable for age determination.

New Approach for B-Mode Ultrasound (US) Evaluation of the Plantar Aponeurosis (PA) Thickness in Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 (04) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd Ellah ◽  
Christian Kremser ◽  
Sylvia Strobl ◽  
Stefan Rauch ◽  
Christian Deml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Plantar Aponeurosis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose To compare ultrasound (US) measurements in the sagittal and axial plane of the plantar aponeurosis (PA) in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods PA thickness was measured in 40 healthy subjects (mean age: 34 years) by two radiologists using US in sagittal, axial medial and axial lateral planes. Subjects were classified according to gender (female and male) and age (18 – 35 versus 50 – 75 years). All measurements were compared and the interobserver agreement was calculated. Results The PA was medially significantly thicker than laterally (mean ± std 3.1 ± 0.7 mm versus 2.5 ± 0.5 mm respectively, P< 0.001). A significant difference was found between males and females (3.3 ± 0.7 mm versus 2.9 ± 0.6 mm medially and 2.7 ± 0.6 mm versus 2.3 ± 0.4 mm laterally, p < 0.05) and between the older and younger age groups (3.8 ± 0.6 mm versus 2.8 ± 0.4 mm medially and 3.1 ± 0.4 mm versus 2.3 ± 0.4 mm laterally, p < 0.001). Good interobserver agreement was detected (0.74). Conclusion Measurement of central and lateral fascicles of the plantar aponeurosis in both planes (sagittal and axial) is recommended in the daily routine. Key points  Citation Format

scholarly journals A Validated, Automated, 3-Dimensional Method to Reliably Measure Tibial Torsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-756
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Stephen ◽  
Robert A. Teitge ◽  
Andy Williams ◽  
James D.F. Calder ◽  
Hadi El Daou
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Tibial Torsion ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Background: Tibial torsion is a twist in the tibia measured as an angle between a proximal axis line and a distal axis line. Abnormal torsion has been associated with a variety of painful clinical syndromes of the lower limb. Measurements of normal tibial torsion reported by different authors vary by 100% (ranging from 20° to 42°), making it impossible to determine normal and pathological levels. Purpose: To address the problem of unreliable measurements, this study was conducted to define an automated, validated computer method to calculate tibial torsion. Reliability was compared with current clinical methods. The difference between measurements of torsion generated from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the same bone, and between males and females, was assessed. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Previous methods of analyzing tibial torsion were reviewed, and limitations were identified. An automated measurement method to address these limitations was defined. A total of 56 cadaveric and patient tibiae (mean ± SD age, 37 ± 15 years; range, 17-71 years; 28 female) underwent CT scanning, and 3 blinded assessors made torsion measurements by applying 2 current clinical methods and the automated method defined in the present article. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were calculated. Further, 12 cadaveric tibiae were scanned by MRI, stripped of tissue, and measured using a structured light (SL) scanner. Differences between torsion values obtained from CT, SL, and MRI scans, and between males and females, were compared using t tests. SPSS was used for all statistical analysis. Results: When the automated method was used, the tibiae had a mean external torsion of 29°± 11° (range, 9°-65). Automated torsion assessment had excellent reliability (ICC, 1), whereas current methods had good reliability (ICC, 0.78-0.81). No significant difference was found between the torsion values calculated from SL and CT ( P = .802), SL and MRI ( P = .708), or MRI and CT scans ( P = .826). Conclusion: The use of software to automatically perform measurements ensures consistency, time efficiency, validity, and accuracy not possible with manual measurements, which are dependent on assessor experience. Clinical Relevance: We recommend that this method be adopted in clinical practice to establish databases of normal and pathological tibial torsion reference values and ultimately guide management of related conditions.

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