scholarly journals Flower Bud Dormancy, ABA Concentration, and Survival during Frost of Jojoba Genotypes under Water Stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliza Benzioni ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
John M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Pentadienoic Acid

Flower bud dormancy and anthesis patterns, ABA concentration, and bud survival following frost were studied in eight jojoba [Simmondsia shinensis (Link) Schneider] clones grown under two irrigation regimes (water stress and well irrigated). Several clones broke dormancy in the autumn. Anthesis in the field before winter occurred only in one clone (a male) in the well-irrigated treatment. Buds on water-stressed plants broke dormancy earlier than those on well-watered plants, but anthesis in the field occurred later in the year. Buds on water-stressed plants were less affected by a severe frost than those on control plants (43% vs. 10% survival). There were large differences among clones in the amount of frost damage. ABA levels did not correlate with dormancy patterns or with the amount of frost damage. Chemical name used: S-(Z,E)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (ABA).

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS): A REVIEW

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Bud Initiation

SUMMARYIt is generally accepted that the two forms of Passiflora edulis, the golden and the purple, originated on the edges of tropical rainforests in Brazil. Extensive hybridisation has since taken place between these two forms and their hybrids. The passion fruit (a vine) is now grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. A limited amount of basic, fundamental research has been published on the water relations of passion fruit. Leaf production and expansion are both sensitive to water deficits, while water stress reduces leaf and floral bud initiation. A single axillary flower bud forms at each leaf node of new growth along with a tendril. Flower bud development and fruit set are less sensitive to water stress than leaf initiation. Heavy rain during pollination prevents fertilization. Unevenness in crop distribution during the year is possibly linked to water stress and temperature variation. Potential evapotranspiration rates in Brazil varied between 3.5 mm d−1 and 5.8 mm d−1. The value for the crop coefficient increases from about 0.6 during apical vegetative growth up to about 1.25 during flowering and fruiting. Water productivities still need to be determined. Micro-sprinklers and drip are the most effective ways of applying irrigation water with precision to passion fruit. Opportunities exist for international cooperation in research projects of mutual interest on passion fruit water relations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Evolution, Expression and Genetic Transformation of TCP Transcription Factors in Blueberry Reveal That VcTCP18 Negatively Regulates the Release of Flower Bud Dormancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Li ◽  
Shuang An ◽  
Qiangqiang Cheng ◽  
Yu Zong ◽  
Wenrong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Dormancy Release

Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors have versatile functions in plant growth, development and response to environmental stress. Despite blueberry’s value as an important fruit crop, the TCP gene family has not been systematically studied in this plant. The current study identified blueberry TCP genes (VcTCPs) using genomic data from the tetraploid blueberry variety ‘Draper’; a total of 62 genes were obtained. Using multiple sequence alignment, conserved motif, and gene structure analyses, family members were divided into two subfamilies, of which class II was further divided into two subclasses, CIN and TB1. Synteny analysis showed that genome-wide or segment-based replication played an important role in the expansion of the blueberry TCP gene family. The expression patterns of VcTCP genes during fruit development, flower bud dormancy release, hormone treatment, and tissue-specific expression were analyzed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The results showed that the TB1 subclass members exhibited a certain level of expression in the shoot, leaf, and bud; these genes were not expressed during fruit development, but transcript levels decreased uniformly during the release of flower bud dormancy by low-temperature accumulation. The further transgenic experiments showed the overexpression of VcTCP18 in Arabidopsis significantly decreased the seed germination rate in contrast to the wild type. The bud dormancy phenomena as late-flowering, fewer rosettes and main branches were also observed in transgenic plants. Overall, this study provides the first insight into the evolution, expression, and function of VcTCP genes, including the discovery that VcTCP18 negatively regulated bud dormancy release in blueberry. The results will deepen our understanding of the function of TCPs in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Impact of Tree Size and Container Volume at Planting, Mulch, and Irrigation on Acer rubrum L. Growth and Anchorage

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Jason Miesbauer ◽  
Chris Harchick ◽  
Richard Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Trunk Tilt ◽  
Root Deflection

Some trees uproot in storms apparently due to root deflections that occur during nursery production. Root deflection in a nursery container may lead to poor anchorage because of insufficient root growth into the landscape soil, and container volume/tree size at planting may influence root deflection. This study was designed to evaluate establishment, root growth, and anchorage six years after planting Acer rubrum L. trees of four different sizes from four corresponding container volumes and maintaining them with two irrigation regimes. Impact of mulch on establishment and root growth was also evaluated. Trees from the largest containers grew slowest in the first three years due primarily to water stress. Trunk tilt during winching tests increased due to greater root deflection, less mass of the root-soil plate, and reduced root growth into the landscape soil with increasing container volume and tree size. In contrast to the poorly anchored larger trees that had most of their large roots retained in the original planted root ball volume, the largest roots on trees from smaller containers grew freely into landscape soil. This resulted in stable trees with many stiff, straight roots pushing down against mineral landscape soil outside the root ball during winching. Trees planted from smaller containers appear to anchor sooner than trees from larger containers and would be more stable in a storm.

scholarly journals A Model Describing rRelease of Flower Bud Dormancy in `Prize' and `Gloria' Azaleas

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 760B-760
Author(s):  
William M. Womack ◽  
James E. Barrett ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cooling Temperature ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Cool Treatment

`Prize' and `Gloria' azaleas were budded at 29C day/24C night without growth regulators. Dormant-budded plants were held at 2, 7, 13, or 18C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks and then forced in walk-in growth chambers (29C day/24C night). A model was developed to describe the effect of cooling temperature and duration on days to marketability (eight open flowers) and percent of buds showing color. Holding at temperatures below 7C, increases days to marketability up to 7 days. Extended cooling (beyond 6 weeks) at temperatures <7C increases percent of buds showing color. Extended holding at temperatures >7C decreases buds in color due to development of bypass shoots during cooling and increased bud abortion. Plants not receiving a cool-treatment or cooled for <2 weeks do not flower uniformly. Furthermore, the percentage of plants reaching marketability dramatically decreases for plants held longer than 6 weeks at temperatures >7C. Both cultivars show similar trends, but `Gloria' has greater variability.

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO BIOASSAY FOR THE EVALUATION OF COLD TREATMENT ON FLOWER BUD DORMANCY IN CAMELLIA

2012 ◽  
pp. 607-611
Author(s):  
A. Berruti ◽  
A. Christiaens ◽  
M.C. Van Labeke ◽  
V. Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Flower Bud
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