Effects of Abscisic Acid on Capsanthin Levels in Pepper Fruit

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone that plays an important role in stress responses. Previous studies have suggested that ABA can also accelerate ripening in climacteric and nonclimacteric fruit. Capsanthin is a carotenoid that confers red coloration to mature pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit. However, the effect of ABA on capsanthin accumulation in pepper fruit has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ABA treatment on capsanthin accumulation in pepper fruit and on the expression of key genes involved in the capsanthin biosynthetic pathway. For this purpose, we treated pepper fruit with ABA at green mature stage. Our results indicate that ABA treatment increased capsanthin content in pepper fruit, with the best result obtained with 150 mg·L−1 ABA solution. Application of exogenous ABA also increased the expression levels of the capsanthin synthesis genes phytoene synthase (Psy), lycopene β-cyclase (Lcyb), β-carotene hydroxylase (Crtz), and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (Ccs), likely explaining the significant capsanthin content increase in pepper fruit.

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Elucidation of biosynthetic pathway of a plant hormone abscisic acid in phytopathogenic fungi

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1080/09168451.2019.1618700 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 1642-1649 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Junya Takino ◽

Takuto Kozaki ◽

Taro Ozaki ◽

Chengwei Liu ◽

Atsushi Minami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi

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PDR-type ABC transporter mediates cellular uptake of the phytohormone abscisic acid

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0909222107 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 2355-2360 ◽

Cited By ~ 371

Author(s):

Joohyun Kang ◽

Jae-Ung Hwang ◽

Miyoung Lee ◽

Yu-Young Kim ◽

Sarah M. Assmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

Abc Transporter ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Pleiotropic Drug Resistance ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Tolerant Plants

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a ubiquitous phytohormone involved in many developmental processes and stress responses of plants. ABA moves within the plant, and intracellular receptors for ABA have been recently identified; however, no ABA transporter has been described to date. Here, we report the identification of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Arabidopsis thaliana Pleiotropic drug resistance transporter PDR12 (AtPDR12)/ABCG40 as a plasma membrane ABA uptake transporter. Uptake of ABA into yeast and BY2 cells expressing AtABCG40 was increased, whereas ABA uptake into protoplasts of atabcg40 plants was decreased compared with control cells. In response to exogenous ABA, the up-regulation of ABA responsive genes was strongly delayed in atabcg40 plants, indicating that ABCG40 is necessary for timely responses to ABA. Stomata of loss-of-function atabcg40 mutants closed more slowly in response to ABA, resulting in reduced drought tolerance. Our results integrate ABA-dependent signaling and transport processes and open another avenue for the engineering of drought-tolerant plants.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A G protein-coupled receptor is a plasma membrane receptor for the plant hormone abscisic acid.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1068817.523909 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Robert McAinsh

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

G Protein ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Membrane Receptor ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽

Plasma Membrane Receptor ◽

G Protein Coupled

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Brassinosteroids repress the seed maturation program during the seed-to-seedling transition

Plant Physiology ◽

10.1093/plphys/kiab089 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiuxiao Ruan ◽

Huhui Chen ◽

Tao Zhu ◽

Yaoguang Yu ◽

Yawen Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Seed Maturation ◽

Domain Protein ◽

Abscisic Acid Insensitive3 ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Embryonic Structure

Abstract In flowering plants, repression of the seed maturation program is essential for the transition from the seed to the vegetative phase, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The B3-domain protein VIVIPAROUS1/ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE 1 (VAL1) is involved in repressing the seed maturation program. Here we uncovered a molecular network triggered by the plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) that inhibits the seed maturation program during the seed-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). val1-2 mutant seedlings treated with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor form embryonic structures, whereas BR signaling gain-of-function mutations rescue the embryonic structure trait. Furthermore, the BR-activated transcription factors BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 bind directly to the promoter of AGAMOUS-LIKE15 (AGL15), which encodes a transcription factor involved in activating the seed maturation program, and suppress its expression. Genetic analysis indicated that BR signaling is epistatic to AGL15 and represses the seed maturation program by downregulating AGL15. Finally, we showed that the BR-mediated pathway functions synergistically with the VAL1/2-mediated pathway to ensure the full repression of the seed maturation program. Together, our work uncovered a mechanism underlying the suppression of the seed maturation program, shedding light on how BR promotes seedling growth.

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Genome-wide identification of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in barley and RNA-seq analyses of their expression in response to abscisic acid treatment

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07601-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiwei Chen ◽

Longhua Zhou ◽

Panpan Jiang ◽

Ruiju Lu ◽

Nigel G. Halford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Gene Family ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Gene Promoters ◽

Related Protein ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Response Elements ◽

Genome Data

Abstract Background Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play important roles in regulating metabolism and stress responses in plants, providing a conduit for crosstalk between metabolic and stress signalling, in some cases involving the stress hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The burgeoning and divergence of the plant gene family has led to the evolution of three subfamilies, SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3, of which SnRK2 and SnRK3 are unique to plants. Therefore, the study of SnRKs in crops may lead to the development of strategies for breeding crop varieties that are more resilient under stress conditions. In the present study, we describe the SnRK gene family of barley (Hordeum vulgare), the widespread cultivation of which can be attributed to its good adaptation to different environments. Results The barley HvSnRK gene family was elucidated in its entirety from publicly-available genome data and found to comprise 50 genes. Phylogenetic analyses assigned six of the genes to the HvSnRK1 subfamily, 10 to HvSnRK2 and 34 to HvSnRK3. The search was validated by applying it to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) genome data, identifying 50 SnRK genes in rice (four OsSnRK1, 11 OsSnRK2 and 35 OsSnRK3) and 39 in Arabidopsis (three AtSnRK1, 10 AtSnRK2 and 26 AtSnRK3). Specific motifs were identified in the encoded barley proteins, and multiple putative regulatory elements were found in the gene promoters, with light-regulated elements (LRE), ABA response elements (ABRE) and methyl jasmonate response elements (MeJa) the most common. RNA-seq analysis showed that many of the HvSnRK genes responded to ABA, some positively, some negatively and some with complex time-dependent responses. Conclusions The barley HvSnRK gene family is large, comprising 50 members, subdivided into HvSnRK1 (6 members), HvSnRK2 (10 members) and HvSnRK3 (34 members), showing differential positive and negative responses to ABA.

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Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Fernando Pagels ◽

Vitor Vasconcelos ◽

Ana Catarina Guedes

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Photosynthetic Organisms ◽

Orange Carotenoid Protein ◽

Β Carotene

Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids molecules present in all photosynthetic organisms, responsible for better light-harvesting and energy dissipation in photosynthesis. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids is well described, and apart from the more common compounds (e.g., β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and echinenone), specific carotenoids can also be found, such as myxoxanthophyll. Moreover, cyanobacteria have a protein complex called orange carotenoid protein (OCP) as a mechanism of photoprotection. Although cyanobacteria are not the organism of choice for the industrial production of carotenoids, the optimisation of their production and the evaluation of their bioactive capacity demonstrate that these organisms may indeed be a potential candidate for future pigment production in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach of biorefinery. Carotenoids-rich extracts are described as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral agents and are proposed for feed and cosmetical industries. Thus, several strategies for the optimisation of a cyanobacteria-based bioprocess for the obtention of pigments were described. This review aims to give an overview of carotenoids from cyanobacteria not only in terms of their chemistry but also in terms of their biotechnological applicability and the advances and the challenges in the production of such compounds.

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A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.3.1247 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 1247-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eiji Nambara ◽

Masaharu Suzuki ◽

Suzanne Abrams ◽

Donald R McCarty ◽

Yuji Kamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

The Other ◽

Aba Signaling ◽

Wild Type ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽

Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

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Arabidopsis NPF4.6 and NPF5.1 Control Leaf Stomatal Aperture by Regulating Abscisic Acid Transport

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Takafumi Shimizu ◽

Yuri Kanno ◽

Hiromi Suzuki ◽

Shunsuke Watanabe ◽

Mitsunori Seo

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Acid Transport ◽

Wild Type ◽

Vascular Tissues ◽

Abscisic Acid Transport

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is actively synthesized in vascular tissues and transported to guard cells to promote stomatal closure. Although several transmembrane ABA transporters have been identified, how the movement of ABA within plants is regulated is not fully understood. In this study, we determined that Arabidopsis NPF4.6, previously identified as an ABA transporter expressed in vascular tissues, is also present in guard cells and positively regulates stomatal closure in leaves. We also found that mutants defective in NPF5.1 had a higher leaf surface temperature compared to the wild type. Additionally, NPF5.1 mediated cellular ABA uptake when expressed in a heterologous yeast system. Promoter activities of NPF5.1 were detected in several leaf cell types. Taken together, these observations indicate that NPF5.1 negatively regulates stomatal closure by regulating the amount of ABA that can be transported from vascular tissues to guard cells.

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