scholarly journals Genotypic and Organ Variation in Ginsenoside Contents from American Ginseng Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Kenneth W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Ginsenoside Re ◽  
Root Age ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Ginsenoside Content ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Landrace Population ◽  
Individual Root

Variation in ginsenoside content was investigated as a function of population/genotype, plant organ, and age using four geographically isolated wild populations and one landrace population of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). The contents of individual and total ginsenosides were affected by the main and two-way interactions between population, organ, and age. Ginsenoside Re was not detected in roots of the wild population plants but was found in leaves and in both organs of the landrace population. A positive relationship between root age and total root ginsenosides was detected in two wild populations. Individual root ginsenosides were highly correlated with certain leaf ginsenosides in wild populations rather than in landrace populations. Therefore, the results suggest that certain leaf ginsenosides would be applied for potential biomarkers to estimate individual root ginsenosides. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot indicates that all wild populations were segregated from the single landrace population. However, cluster analysis indicates that differences existed between organs, and between the wild and landrace populations. Overall, the result suggests that the variation of individual and total ginsenoside contents would be influenced by a combination of population, plant organ, and root age.

scholarly journals A Large Root Phenome Dataset Wide-Opened the Potential for Underground Breeding in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Seung Kim ◽  
Se-Hun Kim ◽  
Jaeyoung Kim ◽  
Pooja Tripathi ◽  
Jeong-Dong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Root Sampling ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cultivated Soybean

The root is the most critical plant organ for water and nutrient acquisition. Although the root is vital for water and nutrient uptake, the diverse root characters of soybean still need to be identified owing to the difficulty of root sampling. In this study, we used 150 wild and 50 cultivated soybean varieties to collect root image samples. We analyzed root morphological traits using acquired-image. Except for the main total length (MTL), the root morphological traits for most cultivated and wild plants were significantly different. According to correlation analysis, the wild and cultivated plants showed a significant correlation among total root length (TRL), projected area (PA), forks, total lateral length (TLL), link average diameter, and MTL. In particular, TRL was highly correlated with PA in both cultivated (0.92) and wild (0.82) plants compared with between MTL (0.43 for cultivated and 0.27 for wild) and TLL (0.82 for cultivated and 0.52 for wild). According to principal component analysis results, both plants could be separated; however, there was some overlap of the traits among the wild and cultivated individuals from some regions. Nevertheless, variation among the cultivated plants was higher than that found in the wild plants. Furthermore, three groups, including MTL, TLL, and the remaining traits, could explain all the variances.

scholarly journals Suitability Analysis of 17 Probiotic Type Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter for Kimchi Fermentation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Hee Seo ◽  
Jae-Han Bae ◽  
Gayun Kim ◽  
Seul-Ah Kim ◽  
Byung Hee Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Type Strains

The use of probiotic starters can improve the sensory and health-promoting properties of fermented foods. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a starter for kimchi fermentation. Seventeen probiotic type strains were tested for their growth rates, volatile aroma compounds, metabolites, and sensory characteristics of kimchi, and their characteristics were compared to those of Leuconostoc (Le.) mesenteroides DRC 1506, a commercial kimchi starter. Among the tested strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius exhibited high or moderate growth rates in simulated kimchi juice (SKJ) at 37 °C and 15 °C. When these five strains were inoculated in kimchi and metabolite profiles were analyzed during fermentation using GC/MS and 1H-NMR, data from the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that L. fermentum and L. reuteri were highly correlated with Le. mesenteroides in concentrations of sugar, mannitol, lactate, acetate, and total volatile compounds. Sensory test results also indicated that these three strains showed similar sensory preferences. In conclusion, L. fermentum and L. reuteri can be considered potential candidates as probiotic starters or cocultures to develop health-promoting kimchi products.

Implementation of Reduce AI-NN Model for Highly Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Lin ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Pandey ◽  
Paul C.-P. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
British Hypertension Society ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract This study proposes a reduce AI model for the accurate measurement of the blood pressure (BP). In this study varied temporal periods of photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms is used as the features for the artificial neural networks to estimate blood pressure. A nonlinear Principal component analysis (PCA) method is used herein to remove the redundant features and determine a set of dominant features which is highly correlated to the Blood pressure (BP). The reduce features-set not only helps to minimize the size of the neural network but also improve the measurement accuracy of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The designed Neural Network has the 5-input layer, 2 hidden layers (32 nodes each) and 2 output nodes for SBP and DBP, respectively. The NN model is trained by the PPG data sets, acquired from the 96 subjects. The testing regression for the SBP and DBP estimation is obtained as 0.81. The resultant errors for the SBP and DBP measurement are 2.00±6.08 mmHg and 1.87±4.09 mmHg, respectively. According to the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard, the measured error of ±6.08 mmHg is less than 8 mmHg, which shows that the device performance is in grade “A”.

scholarly journals Morphological Traits and Phenolic Compounds in Tunisian Wild Populations and Cultivated Varieties of Portulaca oleracea L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorra Sdouga ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Souhir Kabtni ◽  
Maria Concetta Di Bella ◽  
Neila Trifi-Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Freeze Dried

This study aims to evaluate the bio-morphological and biochemical variability of three Tunisian wild populations and one growing cultivar of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). The studied varieties should be easily distinguished by the color and the habitus of the plant as mentioned in literature, but the various analyses have shown a strong morphological heterogeneity within and among the wild and cultivated accessions as presented by the variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the PCA (Principal component analysis). We found high intrapopulation variability through the wild populations that make it hard to differentiate them only on the base of morphology. We analyzed the biochemical profile of those populations based on the analysis of freeze-dried samples of leaves and stems. We identified and quantified twelve different phenolic compounds by the HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) technique. Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in the leaves and stems of the wild and cultivated populations. Sinapic acid and myricetin are the majors identified compounds through our samples. The results were significantly different in relation to the plant organs and to the geographic origin for most of the compounds. The obtained results highlighted the importance of Portulaca as a medicinal plant by showing its richness in phenols and flavonoids that have multi-medicinal effects besides their antioxidant power.

Multivariate analyses on heavy metal binding fractions of river sediments in Southern Taiwan

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yu ◽  
C. Y. Chang ◽  
L. J. Tsai ◽  
S. T. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study depicts the amounts of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni) bound to four geochemical compositions of sediments (carbonates, Mn oxides, Fe oxides, and organic matters), and the correlations between various geochemical compositions and their heavy-metal complexes. Hundreds of data, obtained from sediments of five main rivers (located in southern Taiwan), were analyzed by using multivariate analysis method. Among the four different geochemical compositions, the total amount of the six heavy metals bound to organic matter is the highest. Zn is easily bound to various geochemical compositions, especially carbonates in sediments of the Yenshui river and the Potzu river (i.e., the heavily heavy-metal polluted sediments); Cr, Pb, and Ni are mainly bound to both Fe oxides and organic matter; Cu has high affinity to organic matter. By performing principal component analyses, the data points of organic matter and both Pb and Cu associated with organic matter cluster together in sediments ofthe Peikang, the Potzu, and the Yenshui rivers, which indicates both Pb and Cu might be discharged from the same pollution sources in these rivers. Moreover, correlations between any two binding fractions of heavy metal associated with Fe oxides in different rivers are not consistent, which indicates some factors including the binding sites of Fe oxides, the extent of heavy metal pollution, binding competitions between heavy metals may affect the amounts of heavy metals bound to Fe oxides. Furthermore, it should be noted that the amount of Pb bound to Fe oxides is highly correlated with the amount of Fe oxides in sediments of the Peikang, the Potzu, and the Yenshui rivers.

scholarly journals Quality Control and Peak Finding for Proteomics Data Collected from Nipple Aspirate Fluid by Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption and Ionization

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1615-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Coombes ◽  
Herbert A Fritsche ◽  
Charlotte Clarke ◽  
Jeng-neng Chen ◽  
Keith A Baggerly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nipple Aspirate Fluid ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Proteinchip Array ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Novel Algorithms

Abstract Background: Recently, researchers have been using mass spectroscopy to study cancer. For use of proteomics spectra in a clinical setting, stringent quality-control procedures will be needed. Methods: We pooled samples of nipple aspirate fluid from healthy breasts and breasts with cancer to prepare a control sample. Aliquots of the control sample were used on two spots on each of three IMAC ProteinChip® arrays (Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc.) on 4 successive days to generate 24 SELDI spectra. In 36 subsequent experiments, the control sample was applied to two spots of each ProteinChip array, and the resulting spectra were analyzed to determine how closely they agreed with the original 24 spectra. Results: We describe novel algorithms that (a) locate peaks in unprocessed proteomics spectra and (b) iteratively combine peak detection with baseline correction. These algorithms detected ∼200 peaks per spectrum, 68 of which are detected in all 24 original spectra. The peaks were highly correlated across samples. Moreover, we could explain 80% of the variance, using only six principal components. Using a criterion that rejects a chip if the Mahalanobis distance from both control spectra to the center of the six-dimensional principal component space exceeds the 95% confidence limit threshold, we rejected 5 of the 36 chips. Conclusions: Mahalanobis distance in principal component space provides a method for assessing the reproducibility of proteomics spectra that is robust, effective, easily computed, and statistically sound.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Protection by American Ginseng in Pancreatic ß-Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 981-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Lin ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Sangeeta Mehendale ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Ginsenoside Re ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate ◽  
High Concentrations

Hyperglycemia in diabetic conditions may cause oxidative stress in pancreatic ß-cells, leading to their dysfunction and insulin resistance within peripheral tissues. Previous studies suggest that American ginseng berry extract may have hypoglycemic effects, as well as offer antioxidant protection. We examined effects of American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re in a pancreatic ß-cell line, MIN-6, to determine if these two properties are related. Cells were exposed to oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide incubation and oxidative stress was measured by oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. These cells showed a concentration-related response to hydrogen peroxide at 100–500 μM. In acute conditions where cells were treated with the extract for 10 min, we observed reduced oxidant injury suggesting direct scavenging effects. Chronic incubation of cells with the extract for 48 hours also demonstrated attenuation of oxidative stress. At high concentrations, Re showed a mild antioxidant effect in MIN-6 cells. Our insulin release observations also showed that the extract may help to increase insulin secretions from the cells. Our data suggest that the observed ability of ginseng to reduce blood glucose levels may be linked to its antioxidant effects on pancreatic ß-cells.

Parental Influences on Substance Use: Gender Differences and Stage Theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Fisher ◽  
David P. MacKinnon ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Guttman Scaling ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Drug Use

The relationship between perceived parental drug use and offspring drug use was investigated. The subjects, 106 UCLA undergraduates, were evenly divided between psychoactive mushroom users and nonusers who completed a questionnaire regarding social and subjective aspects of drug use, including parental drug use. The data were analyzed using modern psychometric scaling techniques, including multidimensional unfolding and principal component analysis of qualitative variables (PRINQUAL). These techniques are advocated as preferable to discriminant analysis when variables, such as perceived parental use of different drugs, are highly correlated. Men's use of drugs was relatively independent of perceived parental drug use while women's use of drugs was strongly related to perceived parental usage. Guttman scaling and PRINQUAL analysis of the types of drugs indicate that the use of cocaine has changed since Kandel and Faust suggested the stage theory of adolescent drug use and that cocaine use has developed patterns similar to marijuana use.

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