Morphological Traits and Phenolic Compounds in Tunisian Wild Populations and Cultivated Varieties of Portulaca oleracea L.

This study aims to evaluate the bio-morphological and biochemical variability of three Tunisian wild populations and one growing cultivar of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). The studied varieties should be easily distinguished by the color and the habitus of the plant as mentioned in literature, but the various analyses have shown a strong morphological heterogeneity within and among the wild and cultivated accessions as presented by the variance analysis test (ANOVA) and the PCA (Principal component analysis). We found high intrapopulation variability through the wild populations that make it hard to differentiate them only on the base of morphology. We analyzed the biochemical profile of those populations based on the analysis of freeze-dried samples of leaves and stems. We identified and quantified twelve different phenolic compounds by the HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) technique. Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in the leaves and stems of the wild and cultivated populations. Sinapic acid and myricetin are the majors identified compounds through our samples. The results were significantly different in relation to the plant organs and to the geographic origin for most of the compounds. The obtained results highlighted the importance of Portulaca as a medicinal plant by showing its richness in phenols and flavonoids that have multi-medicinal effects besides their antioxidant power.

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Effect of Freeze Drying and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion on Phenolic Metabolites and Antioxidant Property of the Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1420

Author(s):

Faith Seke ◽

Vimbainashe E. Manhivi ◽

Tinotenda Shoko ◽

Retha M. Slabbert ◽

Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Array Detector ◽

Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Liquid Chromatograph ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Intestinal Phase ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

The Impact

Natal plums (Carissa macrocarpa) are a natural source of bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, and can be consumed as a snack. This study characterized the impact of freeze drying and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity, and α-glucosidase activity of the Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa). The phenolic compounds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD and an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) with a Waters Acquity photodiode array detector (PDA) coupled to a Synapt G2 quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. Cyanidin-3-O-β-sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy-3-G) were the dominant anthocyanins in the fresh and freeze-dried Natal plum powder. Freeze drying did not affect the concentrations of both cyanidin compounds compared to the fresh fruit. Both cyanidin compounds, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin syringic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, and quercetin O-glycoside from the ingested freeze-dried Natal plum powder was quite stable in the gastric phase compared to the small intestinal phase. Cyanidin-3-O-β-sambubioside from the ingested Natal plum powder showed bioaccessibility of 32.2% compared to cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (16.3%). The degradation of anthocyanins increased the bioaccessibility of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid significantly, in the small intestinal digesta. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activities, and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase activity decreased in the small intestinal phase. Indigenous fruits or freeze-dried powders with Cy-3-Sa can be a better source of anthocyanin than Cy-3-G due to higher bioaccessibility in the small intestinal phase.

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Investigation of antioxidant activity and analysis of phenolic compounds of some Asteraceae plants by HPLC: A comparison between Methanol and Ethanol extracts

Current Nutraceuticals ◽

10.2174/2665978602666210713143401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Donia Anvari ◽

Rashid Jamei

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Background: Medicinal and healing plants have been used in treating human diseases for centuries because of their therapeutic effects. They may assist in curing common ailments such as a multitude of skin problems, various disorders from muscle spasms to cuts and wounds. They can be used to relieve symptoms of different illnesses from a cold to some forms of arthritis or some allergies as well. The Asteraceae plant is a strong source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and this paper focuses on its specifications. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and radical scavenging of different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) of five species, i.e., Artemisia absinthium L., Arctium lappa L., Centaurea cyanus L., Silybum marianum L., and Echinops ritro L., belonging to the Asteraceae family. Methods: Methanol and ethanol extracts of the above plants were prepared. The obtained sections were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), chain-breaking activity (CBA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Also, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging, and Superoxide (O2-) radical inhibition assay were measured. Phenolic compounds were determined and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well. Results: The collected and analyzed data showed that the highest values for the TPC, TFC, TBA, and DPPH were related to methanol extract of A. lappa L. Moreover, the maximum values for the CBA, H2O2, and O2- were observed in the Ethanol extract of E. ritro L., while methanol extract of E. ritro L. showed the highest amount of FRAP and NO. Eventually, the highest value for TAC was related to A. absintium L., and it was also realized that methanol compared to ethanol solvent was more successful in the extraction procedure. Conclusions: These findings suggest that A. lappa L. and E. ritro L. extracts can be considered excellent natural antioxidant agents. The type of solvent can affect the extraction of phenolic compounds. Sinapic acid, as the highest level of phenolic acid, was found in S. marianum L.

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Chromatographic, Chemometric and Antioxidant Assessment of the Equivalence of Granules and Herbal Materials of Angelicae Sinensis Radix

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines7060035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski ◽

Xian Zhou ◽

Ho Yee Wong ◽

Antony Kam ◽

Jarryd Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Principal Component ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Array Detector ◽

Agglomerative Clustering ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽

Angelicae Sinensis

Background: Granules are a popular way of administrating herbal decoctions. However, there are no standardised quality control methods for granules, with few studies comparing the granules to traditional herbal decoctions. This study developed a multi-analytical platform to compare the quality of granule products to herb/decoction pieces of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). Methods: A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method quantitatively compared the aqueous extracts. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clustered the samples according to three chemical compounds: ferulic acid, caffeic acid and Z-ligustilide. Ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assessed the antioxidant activity of the samples. Results: HCA and PCA allocated the samples into two main groups: granule products and herb/decoction pieces. Greater differentiation between the samples was obtained with three chemical markers compared to using one marker. The herb/decoction pieces group showed comparatively higher extraction yields and significantly higher DPPH and FRAP (p < 0.05), which was positively correlated to caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirm the need for the quality assessment of granule products using more than one chemical marker for widespread practitioner and consumer use.

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Assessment of Solidago×niederederi Origin Based on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Raw Materials

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 324-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jolita Radušienė ◽

Mindaugas Marksa ◽

Birutė Karpavičienė

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Native Species ◽

High Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Array Detector ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Principal Component Model

AbstractThis study provides the first phytochemical characterization of the morphologically identified natural hybrid Solidago×niederederi Khek compared with the native Solidago virgaurea and two invasive species, Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) and giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton). The phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, and quercitrin, were detected in leaves and inflorescences by the high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector/ultraviolet (PAD/UV) method. All analyzed Solidago species contained all of the phenolic compounds investigated. The quantitative phytochemical differentiation among Solidago taxa was shown by principal component analysis. The results indicated that S. gigantea plants were characterized by significantly different quantities of phenolic compounds compared with three other Solidago taxa, which formed a separate cluster in the space of the principal component model, indicating the high similarity of their profiles. An additional multivariate analysis of the three species studied revealed a chemical gradient from S. canadensis to S. virgaurea with a slightly overlapping zone on the score plots presented by S.×niederederi and S. virgaurea accessions. The results showed that S.×niederederi was closely related to S. virgaurea. This result is suggestive of a hybrid origin with significant contributions from the native species. However, S.×niederederi was significantly different from its parental species with respect to chlorogenic acid and quercitrin in leaves and rutin with isoquercitrin in inflorescences. Conversely, samples indicating intermediate chemical composition between native S. virgaurea and invasive S. gigantea were not distinguished. The comparison of phenolic compound accumulation in Solidago plants supported the additional identification of the origin of S.×niederederi.

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Genotypic and Environmental Effect on the Concentration of Phytochemical Contents of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1154

Author(s):

Maria Irakli ◽

Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽

Evangelia Tigka ◽

Dimitrios Beslemes ◽

Maria Fournomiti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Environmental Effect ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phytochemical Contents

The health-promoting effects of lentil seeds due to phenolic compounds and other antioxidants make lentils a potential source of functional food or feed ingredients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype and growing environment on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities such as ABTS (2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays of soluble extracts from five lentil cultivars grown in ten diverse locations over a 2-year experimental period. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) , total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC), total hydrolyzed tannin content (TNC), tocopherols and carotenoids were investigated. The major proanthocyanidins and individual polyphenols were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicated that flavanols were the main phenolic compounds in hydrophilic extracts, followed by phenolic acids. Concerning lipophilic extracts, tocopherols and carotenoids were the main components, with γ-tocopherol and lutein being the predominant isomers, respectively. In general, both genetic and environmental effects had a strong impact on all bioactive components tested. Greater variation due to environmental effects was found for phenolic compounds (TPC, TFC and TPAC) and antioxidant activities; however, tocopherols and carotenoids revealed a high genotypic dependence. The principal component analysis highlighted the genotypes with higher content of antioxidants and stability across environments. The red lentil population “03-24L” was characterized as a promising genetic material due to its high phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity values across environments and is suggested for further investigation. In conclusion, multi-environmental trials are essential for a better understanding of the genotypic and environmental effect on phytochemical profiles of lentils and provide important information for breeding or cultivating lentil varieties of high-bioactive value.

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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) Dry Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071767 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1767 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Olga Kosakowska ◽

Katarzyna Bączek ◽

Jarosław L. Przybył ◽

Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka ◽

Weronika Czupa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Rhodiola Rosea ◽

Array Detector ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Chemical Profiles

Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) belongs to plants revealing adaptogenic properties, which are attributed to the presence of specific phenolic compounds and are reflected mainly as antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of various products obtained from R. rosea (underground organs as well as their aqueous and ethanolic dry extracts) in relation to the chemical profiles of phenolic and essential oil compounds. The chemical profiles were determined by High-performance Liquid Chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity by (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) Scavenging Capacity Assay (DPPH), (2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) Scavenging Capacity Assay (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) and antimicrobial properties were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) values following the broth microdilutions method. The results show that the investigated samples differed in terms of their chemical compositions and biological activities. The extracts were more abundant in phenolic compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, and rosavin derivatives) in comparison to dried underground organs. The content of the determined phenolics in the analyzed extracts was affected by the solvent used for extraction. The ethanolic extract was characterized by the highest content of these substances in comparison to the aqueous one and the dried raw material, especially with regard to rosavin (969.71 mg/100 g). In parallel, this extract showed the strongest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, dried R. rosea underground organs also revealed strong antibacterial effects against, for example, Staphylococcus strains.

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Acorn Flour as a Source of Bioactive Compounds in Gluten-Free Bread

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3568 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rita Beltrão Martins ◽

Irene Gouvinhas ◽

Maria Cristiana Nunes ◽

José Alcides Peres ◽

Anabela Raymundo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Array Detector ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Acorn Flour

Polyphenols are important bioactive compounds whose regular ingestion has shown different positive impacts in health. Celiac patients have nutritional deficiencies, bringing many problems to their health. Thus, it is important to develop gluten-free (GF) products, such as bread, with nutritional benefits. The acorn is the fruit of holm oak and cork oak, being an underexploited resource nowadays. Its nutritional and functional characteristics are remarkable: rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber, vitamin E, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of acorn flour as a bioactive compounds source and natural GF ingredient for baking GF bread. Bread loaves were prepared with buckwheat, rice, acorn flour, and potato starch. Two levels of acorn flour (23% and 35% of the flour mixture) were tested. The physical, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of the bread were analysed, as well as the composition of phenolic compounds: total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids. The phenolic profile was assessed by Reverse Phase–High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector (RP-HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activity of the bread extracts was determined by 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl radical (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methodologies. Acorn flour can be considered a good source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in GF bread. Acorn flour showed good technological properties in GF baking, improving bread nutritional and sensory characteristics.

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Callitriche cophocarpa — a new rich source of active phenolic compounds

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-013-0404-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 519-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joanna Augustynowicz ◽

Olga Długosz-Grochowska ◽

Anna Kostecka-Gugała ◽

Maria Leja ◽

Michał Kruczek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Diet Supplements ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

L Band

AbstractThis study was focused on the analysis of the contents (by HPLC-DAD) and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of aquatic higher plant Callitriche cophocarpa. The novelty of the work was: 1) the study of the species which is almost unknown in the context of investigations of bio-active compounds and, 2) the application of a unique L-band electron resonance spectroscopy (L-band EPR) to measure antioxidant activity of samples. The results were compared with those obtained for microalgae Chlorella and Spirulina which are widely distributed as the diet supplements. The obtained results are very promising with respect to the freeze-dried material of Callitriche, which revealed both high level of phenolic compounds (33 mg g−1 dry weight) and antioxidant activity (0.14 g of reduced DPPH· g−1 dry weight). An isoform of sinapic acid appeared to be the main fraction in this sample. The average content of the total phenolic compounds in Callitriche freeze-dried samples was ca. 43 or 25 times higher than in the case of the Chlorella or Spirulina samples, respectively. These samples showed also 16 times lower scavenging activity in relation to freeze-dried Callitriche material.

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Sea Buckthorn Leaf Powders: The Impact of Cultivar and Drying Mode on Antioxidant, Phytochemical, and Chromatic Profile of Valuable Resource

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26164765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 4765

Author(s):

Lina Raudone ◽

Viktorija Puzerytė ◽

Gabriele Vilkickyte ◽

Aurelija Niekyte ◽

Juozas Lanauskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Array Detector ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

The Impact

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR)) leaf powders are the underutilized, promising resource of valuable compounds. Genotype and processing methods are key factors in the preparation of homogenous, stable, and quantified ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic, triterpenic, antioxidant profiles, carotenoid and chlorophyll content, and chromatic characteristics of convection-dried and freeze-dried HR leaf powders obtained from ten different female cultivars, namely ‘Avgustinka’, ‘Botaniceskaja Liubitelskaja’, ‘Botaniceskaja’, ‘Hibrid Percika’, ‘Julia’, ‘Nivelena’, ‘Otradnaja’, ‘Podarok Sadu’, ‘Trofimovskaja’, and ‘Vorobjovskaja’. The chromatic characteristics were determined using the CIELAB scale. The phytochemical profiles were determined using HPLC-PDA (high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector) analysis; spectrophotometric assays and antioxidant activities were investigated using ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) assays. The sea buckthorn leaf powders had a yellowish-green appearance. The drying mode had a significant impact on the total antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content, and chromatic characteristics of the samples; the freeze-dried samples were superior in antioxidant activity, chlorophyll, carotenoid content, and chromatic profile, compared to convection-dried leaf powder samples. The determined triterpenic and phenolic profiles strongly depend on the cultivar, and the drying technique had no impact on qualitative and quantitative composition. Catechin, epigallocatechin, procyanidin B3, ursolic acid, α-amyrin, and β-sitosterol could be used as quantitative markers in the phenolic and triterpenic profiles. The cultivars ‘Avgustinka’, ‘Nivelena’, and ‘Botaniceskaja’ were superior to other tested cultivars, with the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity.

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LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Profiling of Australian Mango Peel By-Product Polyphenols and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7100764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 764 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danying Peng ◽

Hafza Fasiha Zahid ◽

Said Ajlouni ◽

Frank R. Dunshea ◽

Hafiz A. R. Suleria

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Array Detector ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Mango Peel ◽

By Products

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruits in the world. Mango peel is an important by-product that is rich in polyphenols and it could have high economic value if it is effectively utilized. Phenolic characterization is an essential step in the commercial utilization of mango peel by-products as food ingredients. Herein, qualitative and quantitative analyses of two Australian mango peel “Keitt” and “Kensington Pride” (K&P) by-products were conducted while using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). A total of 98 polyphenols compounds were tentatively identified in both Keitt peel and K&P peel extracts, with greater concentrations of these compounds being detected in Keitt peel. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and a total tannin content (TTC) were determined. The antioxidant activity of mango peel by-products was determined while using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Keitt peel contained higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins and had higher antioxidant capacity in DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays as compared to K&P peel. In HPLC-PDA quantification, the predominant phenolic compounds in Keitt peel and K&P peel were catechin (62.32 ± 0.01 mg/gd.w.) and syringic acid (17.78 ± 0.01 mg/gd.w).

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