scholarly journals Validating Blackberry Seedling Pedigrees and Developing an Improved Multiplexed Microsatellite Fingerprinting Set

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Zurn ◽  
Katie A. Carter ◽  
Melinda H. Yin ◽  
Margaret Worthington ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Germplasm Identification ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Clonal Identity ◽  
Ssr Fingerprinting

Confirming parentage and clonal identity is an important aspect of breeding and managing germplasm collections of clonally propagated, outcrossing crops, like blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus). DNA fingerprinting sets are used to identify off-cross progeny and confirm clonal identity. Previously, a six-simple sequence repeat (6-SSR) fingerprinting set was developed for blackberry using a small number of samples. The usefulness of the 6-SSR fingerprinting set for pedigree confirmation had not been evaluated. Therefore, it was used in this study to validate parentage for 6 and 12 biparental populations from the University of Arkansas (UA) and US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU) breeding programs, respectively. Twenty-seven of the 489 individuals in these breeding populations were identified as off-cross. The 6-SSR fingerprinting set was sufficient for parentage confirmation; however, a total of 61 plants distributed across 28 sets of genotypes could not be distinguished from each other. An 8-SSR fingerprinting set with improved resolution was subsequently developed and used to evaluate 177 Rubus accessions from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, UA, and USDA-ARS HCRU programs. The 8-SSR fingerprinting set distinguished all samples expected to have unique genotypes and identified differing DNA fingerprints for two sets of accessions suspected to have identical fingerprints. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions from the eastern and western US breeding programs based on geography and descent. Future work will focus on establishing a database of DNA fingerprints for germplasm identification and for determining pedigree relationships between blackberry accessions.

scholarly journals CROP GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND THE THREAT POSED BY THE LOSS OF PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179g-1179
Author(s):  
Laura C. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Status ◽  
Crop Germplasm ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sector Plant

Collections of crop genetic resources have been assembled and evaluated as part of plant breeding efforts and in that capacity have served as the foundation for genetic improvement of crops. Most of these collections have been held at public sector institutions, including both federal and state agricultural experiment stations. However, recent changes have occurred in government agricultural research policies and funding structure which have lead to a decline in public sector breeding programs. Breeders retire and are not replaced or, for other reasons, programs are discontinued. The loss of the breeding programs maybe adversely affecting the status of the associated germplasm, if no means are provided for continued conservation of the collections. The results of a nationwide survey to assess the number and status of crop germplasm collections associated with public sector plant breeding programs and the relationship of those collections to the National Plant Germplasm System will be discussed. Recommendations will be made in regard to coordination of activities to ensure conservation of the germplasm held in plant breeders' collections.

scholarly journals Development of a composite collection for mining germplasm possessing allelic variation for beneficial traits in chickpea

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.D. Upadhyaya ◽  
B.J. Furman ◽  
S.L. Dwivedi ◽  
S.M. Udupa ◽  
C.L.L. Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Simple Sequence

Chickpea is one of the most important grain legume crops in the world. Large collections of genetic resources are maintained in the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) genebanks. Association mapping using neutral markers has been suggested as a means to identify useful alleles in the vast reservoirs of genetic diversity existing in the germplasm collections that could be associated with the phenotypes among the population individuals. ICRISAT in collaboration with ICARDA developed a global composite collection of 3000 accessions that will be profiled using 50 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The data generated through this collaborative effort will be used to define the genetic structure of the global composite collection and to select a reference sample of 300 accessions representing the maximum diversity for the isolation of allelic variants of candidate gene associated with beneficial traits. It is then expected that molecular biologists and plant breeders will have opportunities to use diverse lines in functional and comparative genomics, in mapping and cloning gene(s), and in applied plant breeding to diversify the genetic base of the breeding populations which should lead to the development of broad-based elite breeding lines/cultivars with superior yield and enhanced adaptation to diverse environments.

scholarly journals CROP GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND THE THREAT POSED BY THE LOSS OF PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179G-1179
Author(s):  
Laura C. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The Status ◽  
Crop Germplasm ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sector Plant

Collections of crop genetic resources have been assembled and evaluated as part of plant breeding efforts and in that capacity have served as the foundation for genetic improvement of crops. Most of these collections have been held at public sector institutions, including both federal and state agricultural experiment stations. However, recent changes have occurred in government agricultural research policies and funding structure which have lead to a decline in public sector breeding programs. Breeders retire and are not replaced or, for other reasons, programs are discontinued. The loss of the breeding programs maybe adversely affecting the status of the associated germplasm, if no means are provided for continued conservation of the collections. The results of a nationwide survey to assess the number and status of crop germplasm collections associated with public sector plant breeding programs and the relationship of those collections to the National Plant Germplasm System will be discussed. Recommendations will be made in regard to coordination of activities to ensure conservation of the germplasm held in plant breeders' collections.

scholarly journals It background of the medium-term storage of Martonvásár Cereal Genebank resources in phytotron cold rooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Kuti ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
M. Megyeri ◽  
J. Bányai ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Genebanks are storage facilities designed to maintain the plant genetic resources of crop varieties (and their wild relatives) and to ensure that they are made available and distributed for use by plant breeders, researchers and farmers. The Martonvásár Cereal Genebank (MV-CGB) collection evolved from the working collections of local breeders and consists predominantly of local and regional materials. Established in 1992 by the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Bedő, 2009), MVCGB with its over 10,000 accessions of the major species (Triticum, Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Hordeum, Avena, Zea mays), became one of the approx. 80 cereal germplasm collections that exist globally. In Martonvásár breeding is underway on a number of cereal species, and large numbers of genotypes are tested each year in the field and under laboratory conditions. The increasing size of the research programmes assisted by a modern genebank background involve an enormous increase in the quantity of data that must be handled during research activities such as traditional breeding, pre-breeding and organic breeding. A computerized system is of primary importance to synchronize breeding and genebank activities, to monitor the quality and quantity of seed accessions in cold storage, to assist the registration of samples, and to facilitate characterization, regeneration and germplasm distribution.

scholarly journals A Method for the Statistical Selection of a Panel of Rum Tasters

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Calixta S. Torres ◽  
Juan L. Aguiar ◽  
Eleanor F. Gotay
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Linear Discriminant Function ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Statistical Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Employees of an agricultural research unit were evaluated for selection as rum tasters. Prospects were classified and ranked considering their relative consistency in four organoleptic tests of four rum samples and their evaluation relative to those of an experienced rum taster. Statistical techniques used were variance analysis of Latin squares for the scores of the evaluation of 10 rum attributes and the calculation of a rum evaluation index for each taster using a linear discriminant function.

Characterisation of genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting of Australian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars using MFLP markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lin ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
T. N. Khan ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
G. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
The World ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major grain legume crops in the world. In this study, the genetic diversity of 24 Australian chickpea cultivars released between 1987 and 2005 was investigated with microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) DNA markers. Among the cultivars examined, 30 cultivar-specific markers were identified and all were unequivocally identified using the DNA fingerprints developed in this study. Most of the cultivars were grouped into two major clusters; cv. Flipper was separated from the rest based on total character differences of DNA polymorphism. The MFLP approach proved suitable in the analysis of genetic diversity among the chickpea cultivars studied and the genetic relationship identified will be useful for chickpea breeding programs in selecting parent materials.

scholarly journals Short communication: Identification of cultivated and wild Vaccinium species grown in Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e07SC01
Author(s):  
Márcia Carvalho ◽  
Manuela Matos ◽  
Valdemar Carnide
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

Vaccinium crops offer a variety of benefits for human health due their high levels of antioxidants. Genetic diversity between two Vaccinium species (sixteen cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum and three wild populations of Vaccinium myrtillus) were evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. In V. corymbosum 74 polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% of polymorphism were obtained while in V. myrtillus only four polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% and 10.6% of polymorphism were observed. The dendrogram obtained showed a clear division into two distinct groups corresponding to the two analyzed species. V. corymbosum group is divided in different sub-clusters based on cultivars pedigree relationships. Twenty-eight specific bands were detected in total; 6 for V. corymbosum and 22 for V. myrtillus. Results allowed the selection of five primers due it potential to detect specific bands in the two species. These markers could be useful for identifying species and cultivars and consequently help in the management of germplasm collections and in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Phenological diversity in a World Olive Germplasm Bank: Potential use for breeding programs and climate change studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e0701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angjelina Belaj ◽  
Raúl De la Rosa ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Clara Gabaldón-Leal ◽  
Cristina Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Full Flowering

Aim of study: Crop phenology is a critical component in the identification of impacts of climate change. Then, the assessment of germplasm collections provides relevant information for cultivar selection and breeding related to phenology, being the base for identifying adaptation strategies to climate change.Area of study: The World Olive Germplasm Bank located at IFAPA Centre “Alameda del Obispo” (WOGB-IFAPA) in Cordoba (Southern Spain) was considered for the study.Material and methods: Data gathered for nine years on flowering and ripening time of olive cultivars from WOGB-IFAPA were evaluated. Thus, full flowering date (FFD) for 148 cultivars and ripening date (RD) for 86 cultivars, coming from 14 olive growing countries, were considered for characterization of olive phenology and for calibration/validation of phenological models.Main results: The characterization of WOGB-IFAPA has allowed the identification of cultivars with extreme early (‘Borriolenca’) and late (‘Ulliri i Kuq’) flowering as well as the ones with extreme early (‘Mavreya’) and late (‘Gerboui’) ripening dates. However, the very limited inter-cultivar variability, especially for FFD, resulted in a non-optimal simulation models performance. Thus, for FFD and RD the root mean square error was around 6 and 24 days, respectively. The limited inter-cultivar variability was associated to the low average temperatures registered during winter at WOGB-IFAPA generating an early accumulation of the chilling requirements, thus homogenizing FFD of all the analyzed cultivars.Research highlights: The identification of cultivars with early FFD and late RD provides useful information for breeding programs and climate change studies for identifying adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals The Role of AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center in Enhancing and Promoting Vegetable Production in the Tropics

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Palada ◽  
Thomas J. Kalb ◽  
Thomas A. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics

AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit international agricultural research institute whose mission is to reduce malnutrition and poverty among the poor through vegetable research and development. Over the past 30 years, AVRDC has developed a vast array of international public goods. The Center plays an essential role in bringing international and interdisciplinary teams together to develop technologies, empower farmers, and address major vegetable-related issues in the developing world. In its unique role, AVRDC functions as a catalyst to 1) build international and interdisciplinary coalitions that engage in vegetable and nutrition issues; 2) generate and disseminate improved germplasm and technologies that address economic and nutritional needs of the poor; 3) collect, characterize, and conserve vegetable germplasm resources for worldwide use; and 4) provide globally accessible, user-friendly, science-based, appropriate technology. In enhancing and promoting vegetable production and consumption in developing world, AVRDC's research programs contribute to increased productivity of the vegetable sector, equity in economic development in favor of rural and urban poor, healthy and more diversified diets for low-income families, environmentally friendly and safe production of vegetables, and improved sustainability of cropping systems. Recent achievements at AVRDC that greatly impact tropical horticulture in the developing world include virus-resistant tomatoes raising farmers income, hybrid sweet pepper breaking the yield barrier in the tropics, flood-resistant chili peppers opening new market opportunities, broccoli varieties for monsoon season, pesticide-free eggplant and leafy vegetable production systems and fertilizer systems that protect the environment. Beyond vegetable crops, AVRDC is playing an important role in expanding and promoting research and development efforts for high value horticultural crops, including fruit, ornamentals, and medicinal plants through its new Global Horticulture Initiative. AVRDC believes that horticulture crop production provides jobs and is an engine for economic growth. The important role AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center plays in developing and promoting tropical horticultural crops is discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Plum leaf scald: characteristics of the causative agent,symptoms, dissemination, control and prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Clandio Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Henrique Luis da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Propagation Material

Abstract The very slow-growing gram-negative bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, inhabits the xylem and is vector-borne. It causes several diseases in plants, including plum leaf scald (PLS), which is the main limiting factor over the years for the crop expansion, both in productivity and in cultivation areas in Brazil. There is little information about the management and control of the disease. Brazilian breeding programs of plum trees have launched few resistant cultivars. The aim of this work was to carry out a systematic review with current information regarding PLS, characteristics of the causative agent, symptoms, transmission/dissemination, control and prevention. The use of certified propagation material, free from bacteria and the elimination of infected plants are the main measures used in Brazil. The vast majority of commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to bacteria and only few cultivars of interest have any resistance. In 2017 the Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina launched the ‘Zafira’ plum cultivar, the first cultivar for commercial purposes that is not naturally infected; however, it was observed that the transmission of the bacteria occurs by grafting. The Institute of Rural Development of Paraná IAPAR-EMATER evaluated different plum crosses and concluded that the ‘PR-1095’ genotype was the most resistant and did not show any foliar symptoms of the disease. However, the PCR test revealed the presence of the bacteria, indicating that the genotype is probably tolerant. In contrast, ‘PR 1142’, ‘PR 1149’ and ‘PR 1260’ genotypes do not show symptoms or the presence of the bacteria by PCR, resulting in resistance to the disease. These genotypes have not been released, and further studies are still needed.

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