scholarly journals DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT AND SOYBEAN ISOGENIC LINES WITH DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODIC SENSITIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Avksentiieva ◽  
Nataliia Taran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Photoperiodic Sensitivity ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wheat Lines

The results of the study of drought tolerance of isogenic (NILs – near isogenic lines) by genes PPD (photoperiod) wheat lines and isogenic by genes ЕЕ (early maturation) soybean lines, that control the photoperiodic sensitivity are presented. In field experiments the photoperiodic sensitivity of the lines when grown under natural long days (16 hours at a latitude of Kharkov) and under artificial short-day (9 hours) is determined. The results showed that line PРD-D1A and PPD-A1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 had a weak photoperiodic sensitivity (weak PPDS) and line PPD-B1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 - strong photoperiodic sensitivity (strong PPDS). Wheat and soybean lines with weak PPDS were more productive. When simulating drought action on seed germination (20% strength mannitol solution - rapid method), it was showed that the seeds of soybean and wheat lines with weak PPDS have a higher germination than seeds of the lines with strong PPDS. When simulating soil drought (30% FMC – field moisture capacity of the soil) under growing experiment, it was revealed that the biomass accumulation indices of plants, leaf relative water content (RWC) and proline content in leaves lines with weak PPDS were higher than in the photoperiodic lines with strong PPDS. So, all used methods for determining drought tolerance showed that the low photoperiodic sensitivity lines are more resistant to drought. It is assumed that wheat genes PPD and soybean genes EE can participate in the formation of resistance to drought. Genotypes with low photoperiodic sensitivity should be used in breeding soybean and wheat drought resistance.

scholarly journals Classification of genetic diversity for drought tolerance in maize genotypes through principal component analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Hefny ◽  
Abdelraheim Ali ◽  
Tarek Byoumi ◽  
Mohamed Al-Ashry ◽  
Salah Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Relative Water

Water scarcity is a universal environmental constraint for agricultural sustainability and production. Two field experiments were accomplished during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in two sites: the experimental farm of Suez Canal University, Ismailia and Romana Province, North Sinai, Egypt to evaluate 21 genotypes of maize comprising six inbred lines and their 15 F1 crosses for their drought tolerance. The experiments were arranged as a split-plot design with three replications, where moisture levels (100 and 50% of evapotranspiration) and maize genotypes were allocated to main plots and sub-plots, respectively. Results showed reduction in performance for most measured traits in response to water stress with varying degrees with yield plant-1 being the most affected. Inversely, proline and relative water content and anthesis-silking interval were increased. Correlation results confirmed the reduced grain yield with the increasing anthesis-silking interval, and suggested kernels row-1, relative water content, peroxidase activity and rows ear-1 in Ismailia, and rows ear-1, relative water content, peroxidase activity, kernel weight in Romana were indirect selection criteria for increasing yield in water scarcity environments. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that three PCs having Eigen value >1 explained 70.67 and 70.16%; 69.79 and 71.38% of the total variability among genotypes in control and stress conditions in Ismailia and Romana, respectively. The crosses P1?P3, P4?P6, P3?P5 and P1?P5 were classified as drought tolerant under Ismailia and Romana conditions. On the other hand, P1xP4, P3xP4, and P4 were considered as drought sensitive in Ismailia conditions. In addition, P5, P2?P4, P1?P4 and P5?P6 were the most affected by water deficiency under Romana conditions.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Genetic Basis of Drought Resistance at Reproductive Stage in Rice: Separation of Drought Tolerance From Drought Avoidance

Genetics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 1213-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yue ◽  
Weiya Xue ◽  
Lizhong Xiong ◽  
Xinqiao Yu ◽  
Lijun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Drought Avoidance

scholarly journals The leaf anatomical features of some Rosa species in relation to their drought resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nuzhyna ◽  
O. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Rosa Species

The leaf anatomy of species of the genus Rosa: R. donetzica, R. kokanica, R. roxburhii, R. rugosa, R. spinosissima was studied. It was found that the plants R. donetzica and R. kokanica have very low drought tolerance by the anatomical structure. The plants of species R. rugosin and R. spinosissima have most xeromorphy features.

scholarly journals Agroecological aspects of application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in overcoming herbicidal stress in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Maxim. D. Timergalin ◽  
Arina V. Feoktistova ◽  
Timur V. Rameev ◽  
Gaisar G. Khudaygulov ◽  
Sergei N. Starikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Stress Application ◽  
Positive Effect

This article submits results of laboratory and field experiments on the effect of an auxin-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in comparison with Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 on wheat plants in conjunction with the “Chistalan” herbicide treatment. Our work shows the positive effect of bacterial treatments on plant growth, the relative water content in leaves and the role of bacteria in the redistribution of ABA and IAA in wheat shoots under conditions of herbicidal stress. Application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 together with the herbicide in the field of the steppe zone led to an increase in yield by 20% relative to the control variant. This bacterial strain helps to overcome herbicidal stress and is a promising agent for improving the technology of using synthetic auxins herbicides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought tolerance of spring wheat lines in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (110) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
О. А. Демидов ◽  
С. О. Хоменко ◽  
І. В. Федоренко ◽  
М. В. Федоренко
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals ‘Garnem’ and Myrobalan ‘P.2175’: Two Different Drought Responses and Their Implications in Drought Tolerance

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bielsa ◽  
María Ángeles Sanz ◽  
María José Rubio-Cabetas
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Rootstock Breeding

One of the challenges in rootstock breeding programs is the combination of tolerances to different abiotic stresses in new interspecific hybrids adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. In this work, two Prunus L. rootstocks: Myrobalan ‘P.2175’ (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and the almond × peach hybrid ‘Garnem’ (P. amygdalus Batsch × P. persica (L.) Batsch) were subjected to drought during 24 h to understand their drought response mechanisms. The study was conducted monitoring leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs), relative water content (RWC), and electrolyte leakage (EL); as well as the abscisic acid (ABA) content in roots. The relative expression of five drought-relative genes was also studied. The obtained results allowed examining the drought tolerance potential of ‘Garnem’ and Myrobalan ‘P.2175’, demonstrating the great potential of ‘Garnem’ as drought tolerance source in future selections in breeding. Furthermore, based on the obtained data, the transcription factor Myb25-like could be a good biomarker of drought sensitivity for use in Prunus rootstock breeding programs.

scholarly journals DEHYDRIN PROFILES OF SOME IRANIAN MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L. Merr) UNDER DROUGHT STRE SS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Alireza Motallebi-Azar ◽  
István Papp ◽  
Anita Szegő
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Relative Water

Dehydrins are proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought tolerance. This study aimed at establishing dehydrin profile and accumulation in four local melon varieties of Iran: Mino, Dargazi, Saveii, and Semsori, as well as in a commercial variety Honeydew. Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting the soil water content to 75, 50, 40, 30 and 20% of field capacity (FC) by withholding water. Water status of plants was monitored based on the seedling fresh weight (FW) and relative water content of leaves (RWC). Total protein content was extracted, then heat-stable protein (HSP) fraction was isolated for each variety and water stress treatment. After SDS-PAGE of HSP, Western blotting analysis was carried out with Anti-dehydrin rabbit (primary) and Goat anti rabbit (secondary) antibodies. ANOVA results showed that with decreasing FC below 75%, FW and RWC decreased, but these changes significantly varied among genotypes. On the basis of FW and RWC data under different drought stress treatments, the following drought-tolerant ranking was established: Mino > Dargazi > Saveii and Honeydew > Semsori, from tolerant to sensitive order. Results of Western blot analysis showed that expression of some proteins with molecular weights of 19–52 kDa was induced in the studied varieties under drought stress (% FC). Expression level of the dehydrin proteins in different varieties was variable and also depending on the drought stress level applied. However, dehydrin proteins (45 and 50 kDa) showed strong expression levels in all varieties under severe drought stress (20% FC). The abundance of dehydrin proteins was higher in tolerant varieties (Mino and Dargazi) than in moderate and drought sensitive genotypes. Consequently, dehydrins represent a potential marker for selection of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Cuticular Wax Accumulation Is Associated with Drought Tolerance in Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Guo ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xiaocong Yu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Haosheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Barker ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Daniel T. Walters ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weed Growth

Weeds that respond more to nitrogen fertilizer than crops may be more competitive under high nitrogen (N) conditions. Therefore, understanding the effects of nitrogen on crop and weed growth and competition is critical. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of varying levels of N addition on corn and velvetleaf height, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and yield. Nitrogen addition increased corn and velvetleaf height by a maximum of 15 and 68%, respectively. N addition increased corn and velvetleaf maximum leaf area index (LAI) by up to 51 and 90%. Corn and velvetleaf maximum biomass increased by up to 68 and 89% with N addition. Competition from corn had the greatest effect on velvetleaf growth, reducing its biomass by up to 90% compared with monoculture velvetleaf. Corn response to N addition was less than that of velvetleaf, indicating that velvetleaf may be most competitive at high levels of nitrogen and least competitive when nitrogen levels are low. Corn yield declined with increasing velvetleaf interference at all levels of N addition. However, corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference was similar across N treatments except in one site–year, where yield loss increased with increasing N addition. Corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference may increase with increasing N supply when velvetleaf emergence and early season growth are similar to that of corn.

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