scholarly journals Creation of winter wheat source material with increased adaptive potential to adverse environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Lida Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Source Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The goal until the last day was to create a new sort with high indicators of productivity, adaptability and quality of grain on the basis of the directed selection process and comprehensive study of hybrid material on field and laboratory estimations. Creation of initial material with high productivity, adaptability and grain quality by directed selection and hybrid material comprehensive study is described. General scientific, special genetic, field, laboratory methods, morphological analysis and statistical methods were used in the research. Given that the weight of grain from 1 ear is a marker in breeding for high yield (r=0.53), the largest (50 %) positive transgressions were in F1 hybrids using new genetic plasma varieties. Among hybrid populations F2, F3 and F4, selection value is represented by hybrid populations 4971 and 4976, which have the lowest stress resistance (–16.1, –18.6) and variation (16.9, 19.9) and the highest genetic stability (50.0, 50.2) and homeostaticity (19.1, 14.3), respectively. Among Control, Preliminary and Competitive tests, lines UK2621/18 and UK9855/18 have high stress resistance (–4.7, –5.8), homeostaticity (1416.0, 1008.0) and low variability (2.6 %, 3.5 %), respectively. They are the most adaptive and malleable to average and adverse environmental conditions. Line UK1182/17, which in 2020 was submitted for consideration to the State variety testing as "Blahovishchenska" (Kiev, Ukraine), was created using the purposeful method of pedigree in each link of selection. It has high adaptability, resistance to lodging, major diseases, high average yield (90.8 c/ha), and grain quality – it is strong wheat (protein amount 13.5–14.0 %, gluten – 30–35 %). Pedigree is the most effective method of continuous individual selection, which allows creating source material with high productivity, resistance to disease and adverse environmental factors

Interpopulational and intervarietal F1 hybrids in Lolium perenne: heterosis under simulated-sward conditions

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Parental Level

SUMMARYThe performance of a series of intervarietal F1 hybrid populations was determined in simulated swards in a range of environmental conditions. On average the hybrids were more stable in performance than their parental varieties, but they showed no general yield advantage. Several hybrids were markedly heterotic at the higher-parental level, however. More heterosis was exhibited in high productivity conditions than in less favourable environments. A generally poor correlation between parental and F1 hybrid performance under competitive simulated-sward conditions and performance in noncompetitive spaced-plant conditions was found.

scholarly journals Screening of fiber flax varieties from the VIR collection according to flax fiber yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Nortwestern region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Stepin ◽  
M. N. Rysev ◽  
T. A. Ryseva ◽  
S. V. Utkina ◽  
N. V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Adaptability Parameters

The article presents the results of screening of 20 varieties of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) according to the yield of flax fiber and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Northwestern region. The variety Dobrynya (Russia) zoned in the region was taken as standard. On average, over the years of research (2015-2017), the yield of flax fiber in varie-ty numbers varied in the range of 1.22-2.67 t/ha. According to the calculations of the environmental conditions index, the most favorable conditions for growth and development of fiber flax varieties were in 2016-2017 (Ij = +0.07-0.73), the worst in 2015 (Ij = -0.79). The highest yield of fiber (t/ha) was observed in varieties Y 51269 (2.67) (China), A-236 (2.66), Dobrynya (2.49), M-249 (2.48) and L 280-02 (2.38) (Russia), Glazur (2.48) (Ukraine), which exceeded the average among the varieties by 9.7-2.3 %. Among them, the varieties Y 51269 (China) and A-236 (Russia) exceeded the standard by 0.17-0.18 t/ha, in two years of three the growth was reliable. The studied varieties did not fully realize their relatively high yield potential and were characterized by a strong degree of variability. The best indicators of stress resistance (0.79-1.16) were observed in Vesnichka, L-2 (Russia), B-226 (Lithuania), Tyy (China) the varieties and lines Dobrynya, M-249, A-236, L-6, L-4, L-5, L 280-02 (Russia), Glazur, Vruchiy (2.34-2.32) (Ukraine) and Tyy (2.33) (China) were genetically flexible genotypes (2.56-2.23). Samples B-226 (Lithuania), Glazur (Ukraina), L-2-1, Vesnichka, and L 280-02 (Russia) had high homeostatic values and low coefficient of variation. Highly responsive to environmental conditions were samples L-5, L-3, L-4, A-236, M-249, Dobrynya, (Russia), Sxy20, Sxy, Y 51269 (China), Vruchiy (Ukraine); plastic ˗- varieties Glazur (Ukraine), L 280-02, L-5-1, 85-58-26-20 (Russia); weakly responsive − Lu-1, Tyy (China), L-2-1, L-205, Vesnichka (Russia), B-226 (Lithuania). According to the yield of flax fiber and the complex of adaptability parameters, the cultivars B-226 (Lithuania), Y 51269 , Tyy, Lu 1 (China), L 280-02, L-6, A-236, Dobrynya (Russia), Vruchiy and Glazur (Ukraine) were distinguished. They had high stress resistance, genetic flexibility, plasticity and stability. They can be used as sources of adaptability when creating new varieties of fiber flax.

scholarly journals The Expected and Unexpected Roles of Nitrate Transporters in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance and Their Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Zhang ◽  
Shuan Meng ◽  
Ji-Ming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Nitrate Transporters ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Nitrate transporters are primarily responsible for absorption of nitrate from soil and nitrate translocation among different parts of plants. They deliver nitrate to where it is needed. However, recent studies have revealed that nitrate transporters are extensively involved in coping with adverse environmental conditions besides limited nitrate/nitrogen availability. In this review, we describe the functions of the nitrate transporters related to abiotic stresses and their regulation. The expected and unexpected roles of nitrate transporters in plant abiotic stress resistance will also be discussed.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF SOYBEAN INITIAL MATERIAL ACCORDING TO GRAIN QUALITY ON HOMEOSTASIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova ◽  
N. S. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Oil Percentage

The current paper has presented the homeostatic indicators of protein and oil content in kernels of 43 collection soybean samples from the south of the Rostov region, studied by the Khangildin method (1984). According to the 2016–2018 studies of homeostatic quality indicators of soybean grain, there were identified the samples “K-11305” and “Veselovskaya 3” with a high protein percentage and the samples “K-10943” and “MDT 2” with the highest homeostasis of the protein content in grain. The maximum oil percentage in soybean grain was identified in the varieties “Donskaya 9”, “Natalie”, “Alba”, “Chara” and “MDT 2”. The stress resistance and homeostatic parameters of oil content of these varieties were at an average level in the collection. A high stress resistance and homeostasis of oil content in grain were identified in the varieties “Don 21” (5330.6), “Sigalia” (3376.0) and “VNIIOZ – 1” (2528.6) with seed oil content at an average level in the collection.

RATIONAL APPLICATION OF FOLIAR DRESSING BASED ON AGROCHEMICALS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPE PLANTATIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Tikhomirova ◽  
◽  
M.R. Beibulatov ◽  
N.A. Urdenko ◽  
R.A. Buival
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties

A study of the influence of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals made it possible to establish a close correlation between the need of plants for elements of mineral nutrition and the total biological productivity of the grape bush. Trace elements contributed to the accelerated development of plants, increase stress resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increase plant immunity. As a result of the research, the optimal combination of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals was revealed, which provides high agrobiological and economic indicators for the studied grape varieties with systemic use.

scholarly journals Contemporary Direction of Eggplant Selection for the South of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gabibova ◽  
Nadezda Geraskina
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Source Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The South ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection For

Eggplant selection is crucial for the south of Russia due to the concentration of production and processing capacities in this region. When selecting eggplants, regional characteristics, in particular specific stressors, should be taken into account. The main stressors are low temperatures in the initial period of plant growth and development, sharp changes in soil and air temperature and humidity during the growing season, high temperatures during crop formation, and harmful fungal and mycoplasma diseases. It is possible to reduce the dependence on imports by developing production in spring greenhouses, which will extend the consumption period by 3-4 months. This requires varieties and hybrids with specific properties: high productivity, high adaptability, compact habit of plants, lack of thorns, low pubescence, etc. F1 hybrids combining high productivity with adaptability and product quality can grow in greenhouses. When collecting linear materials for creating hybrids, it is advisable to use hard provocative backgrounds with a subsequent assessment of the combinational ability. This research aimed to develop new varieties and hybrids of eggplant for the south of Russia. The study was conducted in the Rostov Selection and Seed Center in 2010-2019 on fields and in spring greenhouses. Materials from different regions of the world were collected. Varieties and hybrids were evaluated by their valuable traits and properties. Linear materials were created for sources and donors of characters that are in demand. The collection of the best varieties was involved in selection programs for creating an assortment for the south of Russia. More than 10 eggplant varieties and hybrids with high productivity and adaptive qualities were obtained. Keywords: eggplant, source material, variety, hybrid, selection, signs, applications, stability, heterosis

Listening to the Kids: The Value of Childhood Palaeopathology for the Study of Rural Roman Britain

Britannia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 221-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rohnbogner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

ABSTRACTChildhood palaeopathology remains an underutilised resource in the study of Roman Britain, particularly for exploring the lives of the rural population. Lesions in child skeletons provide unique insights into past lifeways and population health, as adverse environmental conditions translate more readily into the osteological record of these vulnerable members of society. To demonstrate the range of information gleaned from the children, 1,279 non-adults (0–17 years) from 26 first- to fifth-century urban and rural settlements were analysed, comparing morbidity and mortality in the most comprehensive study to date. The distribution of ages-at-death suggests migration between country and town, the latter presenting a stressful and unsanitary environment. However, as demonstrated by high rates of metabolic disease and infections, life in the countryside was hampered by demanding physical labour and potentially oppressive conditions with restricted access to resources.

CREATION OF THE INDUCED APPLE-THREE TETRAPLOIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
О. V. Mantseva ◽  
N. V. Gorbacheva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diploid Gametes ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

The basic moments of a process of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes for apple breeding with polyploidy using are demonstrated. In industrial terms, triploids are of the greatest importance. The manifested effect of heterosis leads to the improvement of many characteristics - higher resistance to diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions, greater autogamy than in diploids, less pronounced periodicity of fruiting, larger fruits and a convenient crown for harvesting. Triploids are developed as a result of crosses 2n × 3n or 2n × 4n. Tetraploids are necessary for more successful apple breeding with polyploidy using. For industry they are not of great importance but they are of interest as donors of diploid non-reduced gametes and allow to make the selection process more directional. One of the methods of experimental polyploidy is the induction of polyploids using mutagenes. The germs were treated with colchicines at concentrations 0.1% - 0.4% during 24 and 48 hours. According to the morphology the obtained plants were divided into five groups. Colchicine concentrations 0.3% and 0.4% during 48 hours of the treatment had a disastrous impact on the development of germs. As a result of the cytological analysis, tetraploids and chimeras were revealed, which were obtained from the seeds from the open pollination of Orlik and Svezhest (treatment variants – 0,1% colchicines solution and 24 and 48 hours of exposition), as well as from the seeds obtained as a result of the Svezhest × Bolotovskoye crossing. Tetraploids had a normal growth but they differed in large leaves, while chimeras were of low size with normal leaves and internodes.

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