scholarly journals Conductive Polymer Composites Made from Polypropylene and Recycled Graphite Scrap

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Dylan Jia Yee Tong ◽  
◽  
Seong Chun Koay ◽  
Ming Yeng Chan ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Edm Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) process uses electrodes made from graphite that wear out over time and are turned into scrap. In this research, EDM electrode scraps were recycled and turned into graphite powder (rGP). This rGP was used as a conductive filler to produce conductive polymer composite (CPC) material by combining it with polypropylene (PP) resin via melt compounding and compression moulding processes. The percolation threshold of this composite material changed when 30 wt% of rGP was added, whereby the insulative material changed became antistatic. The composite was able to achieve surface resistivity as low as 105 ohm/sq. However, the addition of higher rGP content deteriorated the tensile properties of composite, whereby the tensile strength of composite significantly decreased as compared to neat PP. The results also showed that the tensile modulus of this composite became higher, and the material became more brittle as compared to neat PP. However, the PP/rGP composite with 50 wt% filler content reduced the tensile modulus due to plasticising effect caused by the agglomeration of rGP. The addition of high filler content on PP/rGP composite also caused an increase in processing torque. This was due to the restriction of rGP particles to the melt flow of molten PP. The morphological analysis found that the PP/rGP composites with higher amounts of filler content were highly agglomerated and formed conductivity paths within the PP matrix. The increase of rGP content highly improved the thermal stability of composite. The findings of this study show that the rGP has the potential to be used as a conductive filler for producing conductive composite material.

Properties of HDPE/Clay/Wood Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wu ◽  
Y. Lei ◽  
F. Yao ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
K. Lian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Organic Clay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and injection molding. The influence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites were investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with a maleated polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Adding 2% clay to a HDPE/pine composite without MAPE decreased the crystallization temperature (Tc) and rate, and the crystallinity level. When 2% MAPE was added, the Tc and crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was lowered. The flexural strength and the tensile strength of HDPE/pine composites increased 19.6% and 24.2% respectively with addition of 1% clay but then decreased slightly as the clay content was increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were increased 11.8% and 13% respectively with addition of 1% clay but the storage and loss moduli barely change as the clay content was increased to 3%. The impact strength was lowered 7.5% by adding 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but did not improve the thermal stability.

The Effect of Temperature and Content of Conductive Filler on the Conductivity of Conductive Rubber

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1335-1337
Author(s):  
Ting Tai Wang ◽  
Yu Guang Zhang ◽  
Lin Feng Yang ◽  
Jing Chang Zhang ◽  
Sheng Man Liu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Conductive Polymer Composite ◽  
Volume Resistance

How the volume resistance rate of the conductive polymer composite material such as nitrile rubber (NBR) filled with ACET changes with temperature is studied. How the volume resistance rate of different conductive polymer composite material is affected by the content of ACET is studied. Such cases are then explained theoretically.

scholarly journals Flammability Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Casein Based Polymeric Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Hanbin Lee ◽  
Nam Kyeun Kim ◽  
Daeseung Jung ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
Research Outcome

Even though casein has an intrinsic potential ability to act as a flame retardant (FR) additive, the research regarding the FR performance of casein filled polymeric composites has not been thoroughly conducted. In the present work, two commercial casein products, such as lactic casein 720 (LAC) and sodium casein 180 (SC), were chosen to investigate their effects on the performances of the polypropylene (PP) composites. The melt compounding and compression moulding processes were employed to fabricate these casein-based composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was also selected to explore its combined effects in conjunction with casein on the composite’s flammability. The cone calorimeter results showed that the addition of casein significantly reduced (66%) the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the composite compared to that of neat PP. In particular, the combination of LAC and APP led to the formation of more compact and rigid char compared to that for SC based sample; hence, a further reduction (80%) in PHRR and self-extinguishment under a vertical burn test were accomplished. Moreover, the tensile modulus of the composite improved (23%) by the combined effects of LAC and APP. The overall research outcome has established the potential of casein as a natural protein FR reducing a polymer’s flammability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Carbon Black on the Properties of Plasticised Wheat Gluten Biopolymer

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oisik Das ◽  
Antonio J Capezza ◽  
Julia Mårtensson ◽  
Yu Dong ◽  
Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Wheat gluten biopolymers generally become excessively rigid when processed without plasticisers, while the use of plasticisers, on the other hand, can deteriorate their mechanical properties. As such, this study investigated the effect of carbon black (CB) as a filler into glycerol-plasticised gluten to prepare gluten/CB biocomposites in order to eliminate the aforementioned drawback. Thus, biocomposites were manufactured using compression moulding followed by the determination of their mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties. The filler content of 4 wt% was found to be optimal for achieving increased tensile strength by 24%, and tensile modulus by 268% along with the toughness retention based on energy at break when compared with those of glycerol-plasticised gluten. When reaching the filler content up to 6 wt%, the tensile properties were found to be worsened, which can be ascribed to excessive agglomeration of carbon black at the high content levels within gluten matrices. Based on infrared spectroscopy, the results demonstrate an increased amount of β-sheets, suggesting the formation of more aggregated protein networks induced by increasing the filler contents. However, the addition of fillers did not improve fire and water resistance in such bionanocomposites owing to the high blend ratio of plasticiser to gluten.

scholarly journals Thermal, Viscoelastic, Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Nanoparticle Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene: A Comparison

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Patrick De Baets ◽  
Gábor Szebényi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Sintering Method

In this research work, unfilled and mono-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials were developed and characterised by physical, thermal, viscoelastic, mechanical, and wear analysis. The applied fillers were graphene, alumina (Al2O3), boehmite alumina (BA80), and hydrotalcite (MG70) in 0.25/1/4/8 and 16 wt % filler content. All samples were produced by room temperature pressing–free sintering method. All of the fillers were blended with PTFE by intensive dry mechanical stirring; the efficiency of the blending was analysed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) method. Compared to neat PTFE, graphene in 4/8/16 wt % improved the thermal conductivity by ~29%/~84%/~157%, respectively. All fillers increased the storage, shear and tensile modulus and decreased the ductility. PTFE with 4 wt % Al2O3 content reached the lowest wear rate; the reduction was more than two orders of magnitude compared to the neat PTFE.

Pre-Fibrillation of Pulps to Manufacture Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene using the Dry-Pulp Direct Kneading Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Igarashi ◽  
Akihiro Sato ◽  
Hiroaki Okumura ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo ◽  
Takashi Kuboki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Kneading Method

Abstract The dry-pulp direct-kneading method is an industrially viable, low-energy process to manufacture cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polymer composites, where chemically modified pulps can be nanofibrillated and dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix during melt-compounding. In this study, cellulose fibers with different sizes, ranging from surface-fibrillated pulps with 20 µm in width to fine CNFs with 20 nm in width were prepared from softwood bleached kraft pulps (NBKPs) using a refiner and high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). These cellulose fibers were modified with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and then dried. The dried ASA-treated cellulose fibers were used as a feed material for melt-compounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method to fabricate CNF reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE). When surface-fibrillated pulps were employed as a feed material, the pulps were nanofibrillated and dispersed uniformly in the HDPE matrix during the melt-compounding, and the composites had much better properties (i.e., much higher tensile modulus and strength and much lower coefficient of thermal expansion) than the composites produced using the pulps without pre-fibrillation. However, when CNFs were used as a feed material, the CNFs were shortened and agglomerated during the melt-compounding, thus deteriorating the properties of the composites. The study concludes that the pre-fibrillation of pulps had a significant impact on the morphology and properties of the composites. Unexpectedly, the surface-fibrillated pulp, which can be produced cost-effectively using a refiner at an industry scale, was a more suitable form than the CNF as a feed material for melt-compounding in the dry-pulp direct kneading method.

Preparation of Carbon Fiber-Polyacrylamide Composite Hydrogel Based on Surface Electric-Initiated Polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-868
Author(s):  
Mengge Lv ◽  
Xinfang Wei ◽  
Liwen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Graft Modification ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels

Conductive hydrogels have shown excellent application prospects in the fields of bioelectronics, tissue engineering, wearable devices, etc. However, its poor compatibility at the organic-inorganic interface affects its mechanical strength and limits its wide application. We prepared carbon fiber-polyacrylamide organic-inorganic composite material by electrochemical polymerization using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent, acrylamide as the monomer, and carbon fiber as the conductive filler. It forms a conductive hydrogel after absorbing water. The effects of monomer concentration, reaction time, and current on the composite material were investigated in this article. The experimental results show that a large number of irregular bumps are produced on the surface of carbon fiber, and various characterization tests show that it is polyacrylamide (PAM) that successfully attached to carbon fiber. Under the same electrochemical polymerization time, the current density and monomer concentration have little effect on the molecular weight which mainly concentrated around 6.2 × 105. The graft modification of PAM reduces the defects on the surface of the carbon fiber, and the composite effect is good.

Conductive polymer materials with low filler content

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Wycisk ◽  
Ryszard Poźniak ◽  
Aleksy Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Filler Content ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials

scholarly journals Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Powder Filled Glass Epoxy Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujan Sarkar ◽  
Nipu Modak ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Aluminium Powder ◽  
Void Fractions ◽  
Aluminium Addition ◽  
Powder Addition

Mechanical characteristics of glass epoxy and aluminium powder filled glass epoxy composites are experimentally investigated using INSTRON 8801 testing device as per ASTM standards. With a fixed wt% of fiber reinforcement, glass epoxy and 5-15 wt% aluminium powder filled glass epoxy composites are fabricated in conventional hand lay-up technique followed by light compression moulding process. Experimental results show that aluminium powder as a filler material influences the mechanical properties. Density and void fraction in composites increase whereas steady decrease of tensile strength is recorded with aluminium powder addition. Micro hardness, flexural strength, inter laminar shear strength (ILSS) of 5 and 10 wt% aluminium content composites are improved compared to unfilled glass epoxy composite and with further addition of aluminium up to 15 wt% decreasing trends are observed. Glass epoxy with 5 wt% aluminium concentration shows the highest improvement. Tensile modulus for aluminium addition of 5 wt% decreases whereas 10 wt% aluminium filled composite shows improvement in tensile modulus. These are explained on the basis of material properties, void fractions and bonding strength among the constituents.

Development and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol filled with date palm midrib powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110633
Author(s):  
Yunusa Umar ◽  
SK Manirul Haque ◽  
Mamdouh Al-Harthi ◽  
Zakariya Sadique ◽  
Omar Ashwaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in different parts of Saudi Arabia. The midribs rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are often burnt in the farms, causes severe environmental problems. In the present study, date palm midrib (DPM), these waste materials were powdered and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Composites were prepared by varying the DPM loading (0–10 wt%) using the solution casting method. Tensile and thermal properties were analyzed for the composites with respect to filler loading. Addition of DPM as filler enhanced the tensile modulus while an inverse effect was observed in the elongation values. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed a gradual increase in melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity values for PVA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the incorporation of DPM into PVA can increase the thermal stability of PVA. Morphology of the composites were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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