Analysis of Available Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review

The current COVID-19 pandemic remains severe. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting every aspect of our lives. Currently, the spread of inaccurate information or fake news on the internet to the public is causing the community to panic. Thus, this study aims to obtain available information on food and nutrition related to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from various sources. A scoping review framework was used to chart the evidence on nutritional recommendations to prevent COVID-19 based on the preferred method in reporting systematic review and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The articles were categorised into three main groups: i) general dietary recommendations; ii) supplementation with specific micronutrients and iii) their mixtures and supplementation with traditional herbs and miscellaneous foods. A total of 60 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in the review. This scoping review demonstrates that there is no miracle cure, food or supplement that can cure or prevent COVID-19. Currently, there is no confirmed treatment or vaccine for the disease. Practicing healthy eating habits is the best nutritional recommendation during the pandemic. Hence, this review hopefully will provide evidence-based nutrition recommendations that are available for current COVID-19 treatment. We hope that the authorities can inform the public and media to stop the spread of nutrition pseudoscience in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Strategies for involving patients and the public in scaling-up initiatives in health and social services: protocol for a scoping review and Delphi survey

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01597-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Ben Charif ◽

◽

Karine V. Plourde ◽

Sabrina Guay-Bélanger ◽

Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Delphi Study ◽

Public Involvement ◽

Scale Up ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Delphi Survey ◽

The Public ◽

Health And Social Services ◽

Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background The scale-up of evidence-based innovations is required to reduce waste and inequities in health and social services (HSS). However, it often tends to be a top-down process initiated by policy makers, and the values of the intended beneficiaries are forgotten. Involving multiple stakeholders including patients and the public in the scaling-up process is thus essential but highly complex. We propose to identify relevant strategies for meaningfully and equitably involving patients and the public in the science and practice of scaling up in HSS. Methods We will adapt our overall method from the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Following this, we will perform a two-prong study design (knowledge synthesis and Delphi study) grounded in an integrated knowledge translation approach. This approach involves extensive participation of a network of stakeholders interested in patient and public involvement (PPI) in scaling up and a multidisciplinary steering committee. We will conduct a systematic scoping review following the methodology recommended in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual. We will use the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants—any stakeholder involved in creating or testing a strategy for PPI; (2) intervention—any PPI strategy proposed for scaling-up initiatives; (3) comparator—no restriction; (4) outcomes: any process or outcome metrics related to PPI; and (5) setting—HSS. We will search electronic databases (e.g., Medline, Web of Science, Sociological Abstract) from inception onwards, hand search relevant websites, screen the reference lists of included records, and consult experts in the field. Two reviewers will independently select and extract eligible studies. We will summarize data quantitatively and qualitatively and report results using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We will conduct an online Delphi survey to achieve consensus on the relevant strategies for PPI in scaling-up initiatives in HSS. Participants will include stakeholders from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. We anticipate that three rounds will allow an acceptable degree of agreement on research priorities. Discussion Our findings will advance understanding of how to meaningfully and equitably involve patients and the public in scaling-up initiatives for sustainable HSS. Systematic review registration We registered this protocol with the Open Science Framework on August 19, 2020 (https://osf.io/zqpx7/).

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Definitions and Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Large Database Studies: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1673

Author(s):

Ying Pin Chua ◽

Ying Xie ◽

Poay Sian Sabrina Lee ◽

Eng Sing Lee

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coding Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽

Definition Of

Background: Multimorbidity presents a key challenge to healthcare systems globally. However, heterogeneity in the definition of multimorbidity and design of epidemiological studies results in difficulty in comparing multimorbidity studies. This scoping review aimed to describe multimorbidity prevalence in studies using large datasets and report the differences in multimorbidity definition and study design. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases to identify large epidemiological studies on multimorbidity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol for reporting the results. Results: Twenty articles were identified. We found two key definitions of multimorbidity: at least two (MM2+) or at least three (MM3+) chronic conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity MM2+ ranged from 15.3% to 93.1%, and 11.8% to 89.7% in MM3+. The number of chronic conditions used by the articles ranged from 15 to 147, which were organized into 21 body system categories. There were seventeen cross-sectional studies and three retrospective cohort studies, and four diagnosis coding systems were used. Conclusions: We found a wide range in reported prevalence, definition, and conduct of multimorbidity studies. Obtaining consensus in these areas will facilitate better understanding of the magnitude and epidemiology of multimorbidity.

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Irritant-Induced Chronic Cough Triggers: A Scoping Review and Clinical Checklist

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2021_ajslp-20-00362 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Mary J. Sandage ◽

Elizabeth S. Ostwalt ◽

Lauren H. Allison ◽

Grace M. Cutchin ◽

Mariah E. Morton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Full Text ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

International Scope ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Full Text Review

Purpose The primary aim of this review was to identify environmental irritants known to trigger chronic cough through the life span and develop a comprehensive clinically useful irritant checklist. Method A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews, checklist, and explanation. English-language, full-text resources were identified through Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Results A total of 1,072 sources were retrieved; of these, 109 were duplicates. Titles of abstracts of 963 articles were screened, with 295 selected for full-text review. Using the exclusion and inclusion criteria listed, 236 articles were considered eligible and 214 different triggers were identified. Triggers were identified from North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Occupational exposures were also delineated. Conclusions A clinically useful checklist of both frequently encountered triggers and idiosyncratic or rare triggers was developed. The clinical checklist provides a unique contribution to streamline and standardize clinical assessment of irritant-induced chronic cough. The international scope of this review extends the usefulness of the clinical checklist to clinicians on most continents.

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Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tina Ljungberg ◽

Emma Bondza ◽

Connie Lethin

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Public Health Professionals ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Healthy Eating Habits

Background: Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, of which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing the most. Research shows that diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression (depression). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the diets impact on depression, by reviewing the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment interventions. Method: A systematic review was conducted, and narrative synthesis analysis was performed. Result: Twenty scientific articles were included in this review. The result showed that high adherence to dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake of anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium and folic acid; various fatty acids; and fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals that work to support and motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent and treat depression based on the evidence presented in the results of this study. Further research is needed to strengthen a causal relationship and define evidence-based strategies to implement in prevention and treatment by public healthcare.

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Conceptualisation and measurement of adaptation within the Roy adaptation model in chronic care: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e036546

Author(s):

Xiyi Wang ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Jing Shao ◽

Zhihong Ye

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Chronic Care ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Roy Adaptation Model ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Key Terms ◽

Adaptation Model

IntroductionThe Roy adaptation model provides a basis for developing the science of nursing. Its theoretical assumptions have been tested in empirical studies. Although several works have historically reviewed the development of this model, a refinement of its key concepts is needed. The proposed scoping review aims to describe how the concept of adaptation was defined and measured in nursing studies related to chronic health conditions.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will adopt the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Several databases, including MEDLINE (OVID), CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Wan Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP net, will be selected and used to mine literature published in English and Chinese languages, up to December 2019. Key terms related to ‘Roy adaptation model’ will be identified and used for developing tailored search strategies for each database. Articles will be included in the analysis if they are primary research reports explaining the concept of adaptation within the field of chronic care. All screening and extraction of literature will be independently performed and checked by two authors, according to the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Extension for Scoping Reviews. The findings will be organised and summarised into narratives in line with the construction of conceptual–theoretical–empirical system of knowledge for further consultation and translation.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. The findings are expected to be published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese journals as well as conference proceedings in the area of chronic care.

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Use of the Safewards Model in healthcare services: a mixed-method scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039109

Author(s):

Marie Gerdtz ◽

Catherine Daniel ◽

Rebecca Jarden ◽

Suzanne Kapp

Keyword(s):

Systematic Reviews ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Future Research ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Safety Considerations

IntroductionSafewards is an organisational approach to delivering inpatient mental health services. The aim of Safewards is to minimise the number of situations in which conflict arises between healthcare workers and patients that lead to the use of coercive interventions (restriction and/or containment).The Safewards Model has been developed, implemented and evaluated for its impact on all forms of containment. Safewards has been adopted as the recommended approach to preventing patient agitation and clinical aggression in some jurisdictions. Notwithstanding these recommendations, the outcomes of Safewards for staff and patients have not been comprehensively described.The aim of the scoping review is to describe (1) Safewards interventions; (2) how Safewards interventions have been implemented in healthcare settings; (3) outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of Safewards; (4) barriers and enablers to the uptake and sustainability of Safewards. This review will provide a foundation for further research and/or systematic review of the effectiveness of Safewards.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed manuscripts of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method research in English with be included for the period 01 January 2013– December 31st 2020. Electronic databases including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Embase, Emcare, Joanna Briggs Institute, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO and Scopus will be searched. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and explanation and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol will be followed. Publications will be excluded if they do not include the required participants, concept or context. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this review is not required as the information to be collected is publicly available. There are no participants or safety considerations in this review of published literature. Key findings for future research and clinical practice will be disseminated though peer-reviewed publication, stakeholder reporting and conference presentations.

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Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028985 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e028985

Author(s):

Joseph D Nguemo ◽

Ngozi Iroanyah ◽

Winston Husbands ◽

LaRon E Nelson ◽

Geoffrey Maina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

African Caribbean ◽

Scientific Meetings ◽

English Articles

IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada?Methods and analysesThis study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.

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Incorporating and Evaluating Citizen Engagement in Health Research: a Scoping Review Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-185385/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anmol Shahid ◽

Brianna K Rosgen ◽

Karla K Krewulak ◽

Diane L Lorenzetti ◽

Nadine Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Health Research ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Citizen Engagement ◽

The Public ◽

Implementation Evaluation ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Meaningful Engagement ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Planning Decision

Abstract Background: Citizen engagement in research is an emerging practice that involves members of the general public in research processes such as priority-setting, planning, decision-making, research conduct, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination. Engaging citizens in research, particularly health research, increases the relevance of study findings, minimizes waste by facilitating stewardship over resources, and builds public trust in the research. While several existing frameworks guide the application of citizen engagement principles to health research, it is unclear how citizen engagement can be utilized to maximize benefits and minimize risks and challenges in health research. To address the gaps in knowledge around citizen engagement in health research, we propose a scoping review to synthesize the state of knowledge on methods to incorporate and evaluate citizen engagement in research. A protocol is presented in this manuscript. Methods: The methodology for our scoping review is guided by Arksey and O’ Malley’s framework for scoping reviews, and additional recommendations by Levac and colleagues. We will include peer-reviewed and grey literature that report on citizen engagement in health research (including biomedical, clinical, health systems and services, and social, cultural, environmental and population health) and report method(s) to conduct, measure, or evaluate citizen engagement. We will systematically search electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, JSTOR, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Science Direct) and relevant organizations’ websites for additional studies, frameworks, and reports on citizen engagement. Title and abstract and full-text citations will be screened independently and in duplicate. Data will be extracted independently and in duplicate, including: document characteristics, citizen engagement definitions and goals, and outcomes of citizen engagement (e.g., impact, barriers, facilitators). Discussion: This review will synthesize the definitions, goals, methods, outcomes, and significance of citizen engagement in health research, as well as any potential barriers, facilitators, and challenges outlined in existing literature. The findings will provide an evidence-based foundation for developing new or improved guidance for citizen engagement in health research. Overall, we anticipate that our scoping review will be a preliminary step to meaningful engagement of citizens in research and strengthen the relationship between the scientific community and the public through transparency and collaboration.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

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Conversational Agents in Health Education: A Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Zayan Nizam ◽

Leigh Powell ◽

Nabil Zary

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Specific Area ◽

Conversational Agents ◽

The Public ◽

Daunting Task ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Review Protocol

BACKGROUND Conversational agents can reach people where they are at, existing online, on mobile phones, or even through hardware like Alexa and Siri, making information easier to access and providing an engaging method of interaction. It makes sense that chatbots would also start to emerge to improve public health through health education. While building a chatbot is getting easier, there is still required time and effort. There is also a lack of clarity and consistent terminology about what kinds of chatbots are out there, how they are developed, and the kind of resources needed to develop and sustain them. This lack of clarity makes a daunting task for those seeking to build health education initiatives. Our scoping review seeks to categorize conversational agents in healthcare education in alignment with current classifications and terminology emerging from the marketplace. We will define the terminology of levels of conversational agents, categorize current agents along with these levels and describe the uses, resources, and evaluations common to these levels. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to identify literature that reports on the design and implementation of conversational agents to promote and educate the public on matters related to health. METHODS This scoping review will be conducted by employing the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will also be adhering to the enhancements and updates proposed by Levac et al. and Peters et al. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews will guide the reporting of this scoping review. A systematic search for published and grey literature will be undertaken from the following databases (1) PubMed, (2) PsychINFO, (2) Embase, (4) Web of Science, (5) SCOPUS, (6) CINAHL, (7) ERIC, (8) MEDLINE, (9) Google Scholar. Data charting will be done using a structured format. RESULTS Initial searches of the databases retrieved 1,480 results. The results will be presented in the final scoping review in both a narrative and illustrative manner. CONCLUSIONS Reviewers have previously explored conversational agents in health. However, to the authors' knowledge, there has been no review conducted in the specific area of our interest –Health Education. Therefore, this review will provide a map of the literature in this area and clarify and define the heterogeneous terms found in the literature. This information will help healthcare professionals and administrators to understand what kinds of chatbots would be appropriate in their setting. And through our charted data could also help them understand what kind of resources or expertise is required for the different chatbots in use.

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Continuous infusion ketamine as analgesia or sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit: a scoping review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-910472/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas David Richards ◽

Simon Howell ◽

Mark Bellamy ◽

Ruben Mujica-Mota

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Continuous Infusion ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Review Protocol

Abstract IntroductionMechanical ventilation (MV) is a common and often live-saving intervention on the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In order to facilitate this intervention, the majority of patients require medical sedation. Optimising sedation is one of the fundamentals of ICU care, and inadequate sedation (predominantly too deep) has consistently been associated with worse outcomes for patients.This article presents the protocol for a scoping review of published literature on the use of ketamine as a sedative to facilitate MV on ICU.The scoping review has been designed to answer the question ‘What is known about the use of ketamine as a continuous infusion to provide sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit, and what gaps in the evidence exist?’ MethodsThe scoping review protocol has been designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and the JBI manual for evidence synthesis. Data will be extracted using a dedicated form, and reviewed by 2 reviewers.Results Results will be tabulated and presented along side descriptive summaries. A PRISMA flow diagram will also be generated.Ethics and DisseminationThis scoping review is designed to map out the literature using existing published articles and does not require ethical approval.Results will be submitted for publication in relevant peer-reviewed journals and to international meetings as well as disseminated to relevant professional groups.

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