scholarly journals Sowing time affects the abundance of pests and weeds in winter rye

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA ◽  
H. JALLI ◽  
J. SALONEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Late Sowing

Selection of an appropriate sowing time for some winter rye (Secale cereale) cultivars could reduce the need for crop protection measures. In this study the occurrence and status of pests and weeds in relation to sowing time and growth habit of winter rye was studied in southern Finland. This was done using three sowing times and four rye varieties in field trials conducted at three locations in 1999–2001. The early sown rye was severely affected by pests (Oscinella frit, Mayetiola destructor) and weeds, whereas postponing sowing for two weeks after the recommended sowing time in late August resulted in considerably less damage and the optimal establishment of crop stands. The German hybrid varieties Picasso and Esprit produced more tillers m-2 in autumn than the Finnish varieties Anna and Bor 7068. However, the number of pests and weeds did not differ among rye varieties. Late sowing of rye should be considered to minimize the need for plant protection. If rye is sown at the recommended time it may still require insecticide treatments promptly in the autumn whereas herbicide treatment need not be determined until spring, after recording the winter mortality of weeds.;

scholarly journals Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SERENIUS ◽  
E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA ◽  
H. AVIKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Pink Snow Mould ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
In The Beginning

Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. This was done by using three sowing times and four rye varieties in field trials conducted at three locations in 1999–2001. The early sown rye (beginning of August) was severely affected by diseases caused by Puccinia recondita and Microdochium nivale, whereas postponing sowing for two weeks after the recommended sowing time resulted in considerably less infection. The infection levels of diseases differed among rye varieties. Finnish rye varieties Anna and Bor 7068 were more resistant to snow mould and more winter hardy than the Polish variety Amilo, or the German hybrid varieties Picasso and Esprit. However, Amilo was the most resistant to leaf rust. In the first year snow mould appeared to be the primary cause of winter damage, but in the second year the winter damage was positively correlated with leaf rust. No significant correlation between frit fly infestation and winter damage or disease incidence of snow mould or leaf rust was established. The late sowing of rye (in the beginning of September) is recommended in Finland, particularly with hybrid varieties, to minimize the need for chemical plant protection in autumn.;

scholarly journals Evaluation of mustard productivity under front line demonstration in Bundelkhand region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Meenakshi Arya ◽  
Anshuman Singh ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Madhulika Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Farmer Practices ◽  
Benefit Cost

Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi conducted 40 front line demonstrations on mustard crop under the varieties - DRMR IJ-31, NRCHB -101, RH-749, NRCDR-2 and RH-406 during 2016–17. The critical reasons were identified in existing production technology through surveys and meetings with farmers. Sowing time, use of higher seed rate which resulted into high plant population, uneven plant population, more weeds, in balance dose of fertilizers and less use of plant protection measures were main causes of low productivity of oilseeds in district Jhansi. The results of study showed that the yield under demonstration plots was 12.82 q/ha as compared to 9.78 q /ha in traditional farmer practices plots. The results clearly indicate the positive effects of FLDs over the existing farmer’s practices. Benefit: cost ratio was also recorded higher under demonstrations against farmer practices during the year of experimentation.

scholarly journals Selection of Adaptive Agricultural Technologies in Digital Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Andrey V Gostev ◽  
Aleksey I Pykhtin ◽  
Roman V Popadinets
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Selection Of

As follows from the analysis of the collected experimental material of long-term field trials of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Centre and generalization of the activities results of leading domestic research and educational institutions, as well as the practical results of many agricultural enterprises of the eastern part of Europe, we have identified the most effective conditions for the use of basic agricultural methods in wheat cultivation technologies as well as spring and winter barley, seed peas, buckwheat, grain maize, oats, millet and winter rye cultivation technologies of different levels of intensity which contribute to the rational use of available resources of agricultural producers based on the prevailing soil and climatic conditions. The technologies made it possible to prepare scientific-methodological approaches and a mathematical model to solve the problems of selecting an adaptive technology of crops cultivation. A normative-reference database for different types of crops cultivation technologies has also been made, including a list of zoned recognized varieties and hybrids of crops under study, necessary technology methods taking into account conditions of their effective use. Currently, an algorithm and the corresponding software are being developed to choose the most expedient technology of crop cultivation for specific soil and climatic conditions depending on a set of defining factors. There has been created software (in the form of a complex of programs for stationary computers and mobile electronic devices with the Android operating system. A specialized website has been developed. It provides a scientifically well-grounded selection of crops varieties and hybrids for the eastern part of Europa on the basis of user-specified conditions.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Alternative, Environmentally Friendly Plant Protection Measures for Control of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda, in Maize

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Lakpo Koku Agboyi ◽  
Patrick Beseh ◽  
Michael Osae ◽  
Jerry Nboyine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Protection Measures

The invasive fall armyworm (FAW) is threatening maize production and the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in the newly invaded areas in Africa and Asia. To control this new key pest and to overcome health, environmental, and resistance problems related to the indiscriminate use of insecticides, effective and sustainable alternative pest control approaches are needed. Here, we report on field trials that tested maltodextrin, neem-based products, ash, and soil, as well as the locally produced alata samina soap, in the Upper West and Greater Accra regions, Ghana. Significant reductions of larval numbers and crop damage, together with increased yields, were mostly achieved by applying the insecticide emamectin benzoate, which was considered the positive control in this set of trials. However, high efficiency and cost–benefit ratios were also achieved with two neem-based products. Maltodextrin was only efficient at one of the two sites, with a clear dose-dependent effect, while the higher dosage was nearly as effective as emamectin benzoate. Due to its relatively high product cost, maltodextrin is generally less cost-efficient. Ash and soil, as well as alata samina soap treatments, did not efficiently reduce FAW larval numbers or crop damage at the dosages tested; thus, they also did not significantly increase maize yields.

DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS FOR METHODS AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF FARM CROP PROTECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
ALEKSEI S. DOROKHOV ◽  
◽  
IVAN A. STAROSTIN ◽  
ALEKSANDR V. ESCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Farm Crop

Modern intensive highly productive agricultural production should be based on a combination of various types of plant protection measures – quarantine, agrotechnical, chemical, breeding, biological, mechanical and physical methods, taking into account the balance between their effi ciency, minimal negative impact on the environment and economic feasibility. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the listed methods. The chemical method of plant protection, despite its shortcomings, is one of the most widely used productive and eff ective methods. The negative eff ect of the chemical method can be signifi cantly reduced by tightening the requirements for the safety of using pesticides for the environment and human health, ensuring targeted application of the product directly to the treated object, increasing the quality of application and reducing the loss of working fl uid, using productsw with a narrower range of action and short decomposition time. The authors stress that in order to achieve maximum effi ciency of chemical treatment, sprayer nozzles must provide a monodisperse spray and, at the same time, be able to adjust the size of monodisperse aerosol droplets in the range from 10 to 150 microns. Technical means for plant protection should be equipped with means that allow eliminating or minimizing the working fl uid drift as a result of wind exposure and evaporation, and ensuring the forced deposition of aerosol droplets on the treated objects to reduce the loss of working fl uid.

scholarly journals Weed infestation in canopy of spring barley in condition of different tillage systems and fertilization and plant protection levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Weed Infestation

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of conventional tillage (fall ploughing at 25 cm) and minimum tillage systems (chisel ploughing at 30 cm) and two differentiated fertilization and plant protection levels on number, species composition and air dry weed mass in spring barley cv. Rataj. This spring barley was cultivated in crop rotation potato - spring barley - winter rye. The analysis of field infestation was made prior to spring barley harvest with quantitative- weighting method. There was estimated number of weeds, weed species composition and air dry weight of weeds in two randomly chosen areas of each plot of 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>. The density of weeds and weed air dry weight was statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey's confidence intervals (p=0.05). Intensive level of fertilization and chemical crop protection decreased number of monocotyledonous weeds and total weeds in canopy of spring barley. Conventional system of soil cultivation decreased in a canopy of spring barley the following species of weeds: <i>Geranium pusillum</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, <i>Apera spica</i>-<i>venti</i>, <i>Poa annua</i> and <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>. Conventional tillage increases number of <i>Chamomilla suaveolens</i> and <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i> in a canopy of spring barley. Intensive fertilization and plant protection levels decreased weed infestation first of all through <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>, <i>Apera spica</i>-<i>venti</i>, <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Geranium pusillum</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Setaria pumila</i>.

scholarly journals Extent of Adoption of Vegetable Production Practices by Vegetable Growers in Medak District of Telangana

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
B. Savitha ◽  
C. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Selection Of

The study was conducted in four villages of Mulugu mandal of Medak district of Telangana to assess the extent of adoption of recommended vegetable production practices and safety measures in handling pesticides by the vegetable growers. An interview schedule was prepared for collection data pertaining to the adoption of practices by the respondents. From the study, it could be concluded that, the with respect to the adoption, majority of the farmers (64.00%) fell under medium category of adoption followed by high (20.00%) and low (16.00%) categories. When practice wise adoption was assessed it was revealed that, majority of the farmers (76.00%) adopted plant protection practices followed by recommendations pertaining to the selection of seeds & sowing methods & time (72.00%) and application of manures and fertilizers (70.00%). Further, farmers opined that, powdery mildew; Helicoverpa, Spodoptera and Jassids were the important pests occur in vegetables. While coming to the safe handling of pesticides farmers opined that, they are taking personal protection measures like, use of face mask, gloves and turban while spraying of pesticides.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

scholarly journals Testing the Suitability of Automated Machine Learning for Weeds Identification

AI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Borja Espejo-Garcia ◽  
Ioannis Malounas ◽  
Eleanna Vali ◽  
Spyros Fountas
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Classifier Ensembles ◽  
Automated Machine Learning ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
And Training

In the past years, several machine-learning-based techniques have arisen for providing effective crop protection. For instance, deep neural networks have been used to identify different types of weeds under different real-world conditions. However, these techniques usually require extensive involvement of experts working iteratively in the development of the most suitable machine learning system. To support this task and save resources, a new technique called Automated Machine Learning has started being studied. In this work, a complete open-source Automated Machine Learning system was evaluated with two different datasets, (i) The Early Crop Weeds dataset and (ii) the Plant Seedlings dataset, covering the weeds identification problem. Different configurations, such as the use of plant segmentation, the use of classifier ensembles instead of Softmax and training with noisy data, have been compared. The results showed promising performances of 93.8% and 90.74% F1 score depending on the dataset used. These performances were aligned with other related works in AutoML, but they are far from machine-learning-based systems manually fine-tuned by human experts. From these results, it can be concluded that finding a balance between manual expert work and Automated Machine Learning will be an interesting path to work in order to increase the efficiency in plant protection.

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