The Role of State and Local Budget Cuts in the Run-Up of For-Profit Attendance and Student Borrowing: Spillovers between the Public and For-Profit Sectors

ABSTRACT Using a sample of the 2,000 largest nonprofit organizations in the U.S., we document that the use of web assurance seals is not as commonplace as for-profit e-commerce websites. In particular, we find that only about 14 percent of sample organizations invest in web assurance seals. Those that do provide web seals are larger, less efficient, and spend more on fundraising and information technology. Interestingly, however, our size result weakens for the very largest organizations in our sample. In addition to our contribution to the web assurance literature, we also contribute to donations research in identifying another feature important to donors in the decision to give. Specifically, we find a positive relationship between web seals and donations, indicating that providing this type of assurance attracts more donor support. We believe this is particularly interesting given the relatively few organizations adopting this type of signal in the marketplace for charitable contributions. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

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Apathy and Color-Blindness in Privatized Immigration Control

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649219846140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 533-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim Ebert ◽

Wenjie Liao ◽

Emily P. Estrada

Keyword(s):

Immigration Policy ◽

News Media ◽

Normal Component ◽

Color Blindness ◽

The Public ◽

Immigration Control ◽

For Profit ◽

Control Research ◽

The U.S

Despite several widely covered scandals involving the role of for-profit corporations in administering immigration policy, the privatization of immigration control continues apace with the criminalization of immigration. How does this practice sustain its legitimacy among the public amid so much controversy? Recent studies on the criminalization of immigration suggest that supporters would explicitly vilify immigrants to defend the privatization of immigration control. Research on racialized social control, on the other hand, implies that proponents would avoid explicit racism and vilification and instead rely on subtler narratives to validate the practice. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of over 600 frames derived from nearly 200 news media articles spanning over 20 years, we find that journalists and their sources rarely vilify immigrants to justify the privatization of immigration control. Instead, they frame the privatization of immigration detention as a normal component of population management and an integral part of the U.S. economy through what we call the apathy strategy—a pattern of void in which not only the systematic oppression of immigrants is underplayed, immigrant themselves also become invisible.

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Mitigating building collapse in Nigeria

ARTEKS Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur ◽

10.30822/arteks.v5i3.596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 449-458

Author(s):

Williams Barnabas Qurix ◽

Rahila Gugule Doshu

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Building Collapse ◽

The Public ◽

For Profit ◽

Previous Decade ◽

Building Information ◽

Engineering Designs

The past ten years (2010- 2020), an overwhelming number of buildings (forty-eight) have collapsed in Nigerian urban cities, with about 77% rise from the previous decade. To address this menace, the study aimed at exploring major causes of building collapse in Nigeria as perceived by building industry professionals, policy makers and the public; with a view of establishing effective ways for mitigation. The primary data were obtained from Questionnaires and field observations while secondary data were obtained from textbooks, Journal articles and newspapers. The results revealed that factors such as change of use for building without following professional protocols is a major cause of building collapse. Poor supervision or lack of supervision by qualified professionals; substandard materials, structural failure; government controlling agency not monitoring projects and standards are compromised, a significant amount (27.7%) of collapse cases recorded during constructions. Other factors include faulty architectural and engineering designs; clients not ready to pay for quality jobs and contractors cut corners for profit. The study recommends use of Building Information Modelling to predict behaviour of buildings under various loading and environmental conditions. Also, only certified professionals should carry out design and supervision of projects. Further research should evaluate the role of technology on existing buildings to check the level of safety for occupants’ in such buildings.

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The Role of Community in Fighting Corruption in Ukraine

Всероссийский криминологический журнал ◽

10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(4).631-642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 631-642

Author(s):

Olha Bondarenko ◽

Petr Malanchuk ◽

Mikhail Dumchikov

Keyword(s):

Local Governance ◽

The Body ◽

Sociological Research ◽

National Agency ◽

Potential Conflict ◽

Conflict Of Interests ◽

The Public ◽

State And Local ◽

Corruption Prevention

All countries suffer from corruption to a greater or a smaller degree. An effective combination of measures aimed at preventing and fighting corruption guarantees success in counteracting this destructive, harmful phenomenon. The role of community in fighting corruption is growing at the current stage of the development of the state and the society. Thus, the right of the public to take measures to counteract corruption is embedded at both the international (the UNO Convention against Corruption) and the national (the Constitution of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine «On Corruption Prevention», «On Petitions of Citizens», «On Access to Public Information», etc.) levels. This right can be exercised in three forms. The first is the participation of individual citizens who have attained majority in fighting corruption. The second form is the participation of public organizations. Thus, there are about 200 anti-corruption NGOs currently active in the country. The third form is the activity of mass media, for example, spreading information on the anti-corruption investigations. There are also two groups of methods that the public can use to exercise its right to counteract corruption: information-consulting and dynamic (active). The first group includes: the possibility to request and obtain information, in the amount and according to the procedure not prohibited by law, on the activities of preventing and fighting corruption from the bodies of state and local governance; the possibility to take part in parliamentary hearings; the possibility to report the revealed facts of corruption or corruption-related violations, of real or potential conflict of interests to specially authorized subjects in the sphere of counteracting corruption, to National Agency of Corruption Prevention, to the management or other representatives of the body, company, institution or organization where these violations happened or whose employees have a conflict of interests; the possibility to introduce initiatives to the subjects of the legislative initiative on improving the legislative regulation of relations emerging in the sphere of preventing corruption, and on taking measures aimed at informing the public on preventing corruption. The group of dynamic methods includes the possibility to initiate and conduct a public anti-corruption expertise, as well as scientific and sociological research on the problems of preventing corruption, and also the possibility to have public anti-corruption control. Besides, the legislation provides for a possibility to implement other anti-corruption measures that are not prohibited by law. One of the key methods of counteracting corruption is the anti-corruption training of the potential subjects of corruption offences. The authors conclude that the public is a key full-fledged subject of fighting corruption in Ukraine.

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Forms and mechanisms of participatory democracy

Socio-Economic Problems and the State ◽

10.33108/sepd2021.01.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 15-25

Author(s):

Tetiana Kuzhda ◽

Mykhailo Halushchak ◽

Olha Halushchak

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Participatory Democracy ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Budget Process ◽

The Public ◽

Public Hearings ◽

Local Initiatives ◽

The Government ◽

Local Budget

The most important aspects of effective citizen-government interaction, successful development of civil society institutions, community and state depend on forming, legal consolidation and practical use of an effective forms and mechanisms of participatory democracy in Ukraine. Effective practical use of participatory democracy depends on the legal framework, the government's willingness to cooperate, as well as the competence and willingness to engage with civil society activists and the proper development of civil society institutions that contribute to democratization and development of Ukrainian society. The levels of citizen-government interaction including an informational, informational-consultative, mutual participation have been expanded by singling out the constant dialogue and mutual participation, public control and e-democracy. The citizens’ appeals, electronic petitions, public hearings, meetings of citizens at the place of residence, local initiatives, local referendum, advisory bodies, self-organization bodies, public discussions and public expertise as the forms of participatory democracy have been described in the article. The differences between the forms of participatory democracy in terms of the order of their preparation, implementation and legal consequences have been indicated. The role of public participation in the budget process has been determined and the participation budget was singled out as a tool of the community for better understanding of local budget and forming their own projects. The advantages of practical use of participatory democracy for the public and the government have been clarified, in particular, strengthening the level of mutual dialogue, increasing its efficiency and the government's response to public problems; growing citizens' trust in the government; improving the image of government through the implementation of transparency, openness and involvement; and consideration of public recommendations by the subjects of power within the framework of certain procedures.

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Wage Determination In The Public Sector

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v9i11.6498 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Joseph N. Heiney

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Wage Determination ◽

Federal State ◽

Budget Deficits ◽

Font Size ◽

The Public ◽

State And Local ◽

Local Budget ◽

Pension Benefits

As the economy continues to recover from the recent recession of 2008-2009, there has been much discussion of the related issues of increases in federal, state, and local budget deficits and debt. A major element of that discussion concerns public employee salaries and benefits, including under-funded pension benefits. This paper involves the development of a theoretical model for the determination of wages and salaries in the public sector which has implications for these current issues.

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Balancing priorities: the role of industry in water resource management

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0341 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. xxi-xxv ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. J. Giuliano

Keyword(s):

Water Resource Management ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Public ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

The World ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

The Many

Together, the 40,000 men and women around the world who make up ITT Industries and our many colleagues in the water and wastewater treatment industries are working with those of you in the public, not-for-profit, academic and community sectors to confront the many water-related issues we face on a global basis. Should we call this situation a crisis? As discussed in the various sessions of this Symposium, in many ways we are facing a crisis in the water world. But of course, we are also seeing many positive developments in the field, and this provides hope for the future.

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Corruption and the Challenges of Good Governance in the Nigerian Public Sector

Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review ◽

10.4102/apsdpr.v1i3.35 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacob Olufemi Fatile

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Good Governance ◽

Federal State ◽

Political Will ◽

Public Office ◽

State Institutions ◽

The Public ◽

Actual Output ◽

State And Local

The role of the public service in achieving good governance cannot be underestimated. This can be gleaned from the central role it plays in the formulation and implementation of policies designed for the development of the society. In Nigeria, the role of public service has come under severe criticisms within the context of the gap that exists between its anticipated role and its actual output in guiding the society along the course leading to the desired goal as a result of corruption. This article observes that the fact that Nigeria is still grappling with the problems of bad governance goes to show the level of non-accountability and ever present manifestation of crude corruption that is open, naked, undisguised and yet legally untameable because of the system. The article also reveals that many of the anti-corruption efforts are part of the liberal reforms that are based on the assumption that corruption is an individual act or personal misuse of public office for private gain. It points out that as laudable as the intentions of government in putting in place institutions and laws meant to curb corruption, the enforcement of these laws has left much to be desired. In fact, the various reform efforts of the Nigerian government are of limited value because they fail to take into account much of the dynamics that support corruption in the country. Thus, people now regard the law as paper tigers, meant only to the enforced when breached by low-level public officers. While successive administrations have taken partially successful steps to control corruption, these efforts have not fundamentally undermined the supporting environmentfor corruption in the country. The article therefore recommends the need for greater transparency in the management of public funds by the public office holders as well as the need for political will and commitment from governments at Federal, State and Local, including bureaucracies at various levels of governance in the country. The article concludes that there is a need to transform social values as well as state institutions that work as enabling environments for corruption. The also has enormous responsibility in controlling corruption and restoring the hope to the citizenry goodgovernance. Unless good governance is in place with accountability carefully observed, sustainable development cannot be realized.

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The Fight for Access to Government Records round Two: Enter the Computer

Journalism Quarterly ◽

10.1177/107769909407100307 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 550-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sigman L. Splichal ◽

Bill F. Chamberlin

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Public Access ◽

Federal State ◽

Court Cases ◽

Public Records ◽

The Public ◽

Rapid Pace ◽

State And Local ◽

Government Records

Federal, state, and local governments are converting public records to computer formats at a rapid pace, creating novel issues with respect to public access. Record requesters are finding access laws, written when most documents were on paper and stored in file cabinets, inadequate when applied to requests for records held in government computers. As a result, requesters have turned to the courts to define the contours of public access in the computer age. Several court cases suggest government agencies are using the fact information is in a computer as an excuse to withhold records. This paper underlines the need to rewrite access laws to acknowledge the pervasive role of computers in government. It proposes a fifteen-point approach to computerized information to help guide the public and media in their quest to ensure computers are used to enhance public access, not undermine it.

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Comparison of State and Local Employee Benefits and Private Employee Benefits

Public Personnel Management ◽

10.1177/009102609102000404 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 429-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Perry Moore

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Employee Benefits ◽

Public Employees ◽

Total Compensation ◽

The Public ◽

Personnel Costs ◽

Compensation Package ◽

State And Local

This paper compares the level of benefits offered to state and local employees in the United States with those provided to private employees of medium and large firms. The public employees enjoy more paid leaves, less expensive health benefits and better pensions. The conclusion points to the additional public personnel costs created by these advantages and addresses the role of benefits in the total compensation package. It also urges that total compensation comparability (pay and benefits) be more widely practiced by public jurisdictions.

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