EFFECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM FAMILIES IN THE SECOND DISTRICT OF NUEVA ECIJA, PHILIPPINES

Epistemology of organic agriculture is logically and practically associated with the conventional farming practices. Organic agriculture can contribute in the social life of people by improving health and ecology. It is even more important for the preservation of natural resources. In relation to the importance of organic agriculture, the main objective of this study was to develop the sustainable model of organic agriculture. The study was based on the inductive approach; qualitative design. Study was conducted in 4 districts of Nepal among the 614 respondents. The result found that there was significant contribution made by the organic agriculture to improve the socio-economic status of farmers as well as to care the relationship between the human being and their environment. Family farming system is the fundamental base for changing trend of agriculture in worldwide practices. There is need to protect and enhance family farming through farmers’ cooperative for the sustainability of organic agriculture. The study developed the sustainable model covering the need of infrastructure development, policy improvement, and motivational factors for farmers and changing process of modern agriculture to organic agriculture. The roles of government, non-government, private sectors, individual farmers and consumers are equally important for the sustainability of organic agriculture. The model focuses on the collective effort of all responsible stakeholders. There is need to test the effectiveness of this model.

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Impacts of Melamchi Water Supply Project in Socio-Economic Development of Sindhupalchowak District of Nepal

Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.3126/jaar.v2i2.16610 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 100-112

Author(s):

Dhundi Raj Dahal ◽

Tatwa P. Timsina

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Economic Status ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vegetable Farming ◽

Community People ◽

The Impact

The Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) is considered to have been the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu Valley. The project has launched the separate project 'Social Upliftment Project' to improve the quality of life of community people. Besides that the project has divided its support field as buffer zone, health, education, income generation and rural electrification etc. to make the program more effective. So, the study aim is to explore the impact of Melamchi Water Supply Project in socio-economic status of local people of study areas. The study was conducted among the 8 VDCs of Sindhupalchowak district. Total, 404 respondents were selected randomly. The study found that MWSP had contributed in the field of agriculture, improving economic status of community people, education, infrastructure development and off-seasonal vegetable farming for income generating activities. There was a significant difference between the respondents of different VDCs regarding the contribution of MWSP. The Social Upliftment Program of MWSP should be continued and needed to extend in other hard-to-reach areas of district.

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Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

Regional Economics Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/re.18.6.1063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1063-1078

Author(s):

T.N. Skorobogatova ◽

I.Yu. Marakhovskaya

Keyword(s):

Service Industry ◽

External Factors ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Social Sphere ◽

The Social ◽

Study Results ◽

The Republic ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

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Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Bed Prasad Neupane

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Total Population ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Economic Status ◽

Social Awareness ◽

Service Work ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Social ◽

Traditional Occupation

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.

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Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jane Buckingham

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Economic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Disability History ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Indian Experience ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Western View

Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.

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Vulnerability context and well-being factors of Indigenous community development: a study of Peninsular Malaysia

AlterNative An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples ◽

10.1177/1177180121995166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 94-105

Author(s):

Md. Khaled Saifullah ◽

Muhammad Mehedi Masud ◽

Fatimah Binti Kari

Keyword(s):

Basic Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Indigenous Community ◽

Access To Education ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

The Social ◽

To Receive ◽

Significant Factors

The Indigenous people of Malaysia are a heterogeneous community scattered over more than 852 villages in Peninsular Malaysia. This community has been identified to be among the poorest and marginalized in Peninsular Malaysia. This study evaluates the well-being factors as well as problems that hinder the development of an Indigenous community in Peninsular Malaysia. This article adopted a quantitative approach based on data collected through survey and 2,136 respondents were interviewed. The study reveals that the Indigenous community is likely to remain poor in terms of economic status significantly because of insufficient access to basic education and the inability of being employed. This is also due to the inability to receive support for housing, economic livelihood, and other social infrastructures. In addition, the study indicates that economic status and access to education are the most significant factors that may help improve the overall well-being of an Indigenous community. This finding also suggests that the social and environmental aspects in Peninsular Malaysia have not improved together with economic development.

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Development of multifactor index for assessing quality of life of a tribal population of India: multilevel analysis approach

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10338-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Bagavandas

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Tribal Population ◽

Key Factors ◽

Household Level ◽

Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

Factor Index ◽

The Village

Abstract Background The main objective of this study is to develop a multilevel multi-factor index to assess the quality of life of the Malayali tribal population of India at the household and village levels based on nine domains, namely, Demography, Economy, Health, Human Development, Infrastructure Development, Work Participation, Recreation, Social Capital and Self Perception. An attempt is made to classify the individuals as well as villages by the overall scores of a multi-factor -index within a community which will help policymakers to develop concrete policy recommendations for the improvement of the quality of life of this tribal group. Method Multilevel factor analysis is utilized to determine uncorrelated meaningful factors and their respective weights using Mplus software from the nested dataset consists of values of nine domains of 1096 individuals collected from 19 villages. A multilevel multi-factor index is constructed using the weights of these factors. The qualities of the lives of different households and different villages are assessed using the scores of this index. Results Three different factors are identified at household as well as village levels. The quality of life at Households and Village levels are classified as poor, low, moderate, good, and excellent based on five quintiles of the scores of the multi-factor index, and the contribution of each domain in this classification is ascertained. Discussion This study finds that at household as well as at village levels, the quality of life of the individuals of this tribal population increases with an increase in education, income, and occupation status which make them lead a healthy life and also make them to find time and money to spend on recreation. Infrastructure is not important at the household level but not so at the village level. Conclusion The main purpose of developing this kind of multi-factor index at different levels is to provide a tool for tribal development based on realistic data that can be used to monitor the key factors that encompass the social, health, environmental, and economic dimensions of quality of lives at the household and community levels of these tribal people.

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WASH Financial and Social Investment Dynamics in a Conflict-Arid District of Jariban in Somalia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4836

Author(s):

Wonder Mafuta ◽

Jethro Zuwarimwe ◽

Marizvikuru Mwale

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Random Number Generator ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Sanitation Services ◽

The Social ◽

Access To Water ◽

Infrastructure Investments ◽

The Government

The paper investigated the social and financial resources’ interface in WASH programmes for vulnerable communities. Nineteen villages were randomly selected from the Jariban district in Somalia using the random number generator based on the village list. Data was collected in a sequential methodology that started with transect walks to observe and record the WASH infrastructure. Thirty-eight focus group discussions and desktop reviews triangulated transact walk recordings. The findings indicate minimum to zero investments towards WASH infrastructure in Jariban from the state government, with more dependency on the donor community. The study revealed that resources for the construction of latrines and water sources come from the following sources, NGOs (54.3%), diaspora community (34.5%) and community contributions (11.2%). The findings revealed a backlog in the WASH infrastructure, resulting in low access to water supply and sanitation services. The results demonstrate limited resource allocation by both the government and community, affecting the WASH infrastructure’s sustainability and further development. Due to the backlog in investments, particularly on improved latrines, it is concluded that their usage is low and a hindrance to having access to sanitation, hygiene and water as per the SDG goals, of leaving no one behind. While investment towards WASH in Jariban demonstrates multiple potential sources, there is a need to strengthen domestic resource mobilisation and explore governments’ role and capacity to secure WASH infrastructure investments. It is also recommended to explore how to tax the remittances to fund WASH infrastructure development and the private sector’s role in WASH infrastructure investment.

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Levelling up: Global examples of reducing health inequalities

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/14034948211022428 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 140349482110224

Author(s):

Clare Bambra

Keyword(s):

Civil Rights ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Health Care Access ◽

Economic Status ◽

Population Level ◽

Welfare States ◽

State Expansion ◽

Care Access ◽

The Social ◽

The 1950S

There are significant inequalities in health by socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, gender, neighbourhood deprivation and other axes of social inequality. Reducing these health inequalities and improving health equity is arguably the ‘holy grail’ of public health. This article engages with this quest by presenting and analysing historical examples of when sizeable population-level reductions in health inequalities have been achieved. Five global examples are presented ranging from the 1950s to the 2000s: the Nordic social democratic welfare states from the 1950s to the 1970s; the Civil Rights Acts and War on Poverty in 1960s USA; democratisation in Brazil in the 1980s; German reunification in the 1990s; and the English health inequalities strategy in the 2000s. Welfare state expansion, improved health care access, and enhanced political incorporation are identified as three commonly held ‘levellers’ whereby health inequalities can be reduced – at scale. The article concludes by arguing that ‘levelling up’ population health through reducing health inequalities requires the long-term enactment of macro-level policies that aggressively target the social determinants of health.

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