scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STROKE PATIENT’S URINARY CATHETER ISOLATES AT BETHESDA HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Christofer Sathya Wijaya Budi Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Background: Antibiotic resistance currently challenges infectious disease management, specifically in combating biofilm formation. Biofilm might be developed on urinary catheter, in which stroke patients with urinary tract problem have higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection and problems related to antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study describes the microbe types from catheter isolates, measuring the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation, especially in stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, describing findings of specimens from stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital, since December 2018 to January 2019. The isolates were identified with standard method, the antibiotic susceptibility were tested with antibiotic disc on MHA medium, and the biofilm formation were assessed using tissue culture plate method. All procedure were done in Microbiology Laboratorium, FK UKDW. Result: Thirty three microbes were isolated from 30 specimens of urinary catheter (63,3% male, 36,3% female). There is 76% isolates incapable of developing biofilm, while 15% is moderate biofilm producer and 9% is strong biofilm producer. The susceptibility test showed 100% resistancy of ampicillin-sulbactam, tetracyclin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Around 50% of E. coli and 57% of K. pneumonias isolates is MDR, and 75% of A. baumanii is XDR. Conclusion: Isolated microbes from urinary catheter of stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital is dominated by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii. Some of the microbes could form strong biofilm, and some of the antibiotics could not be used in the future due to their 100% resistancy on all specimens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance among Cancer Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Xiaolin Wei ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Kyaw Thu Soe ◽  
Srinath Satyanarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

Cancer patients are at high risk of antibiotic resistant bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this study, we assessed the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance among cancer patients suspected of UTI in B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal through a cross-sectional study with routinely collected data. All cancer patients who had a recorded urine culture between July 2018–June 2019 were included in the study. Out of 308 patients who had undergone culture, 73 (24%) of samples had bacterial growth. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli (58%), Staphylococcus (11%) and Klebsiella (10%). These bacteria had undergone susceptibility testing to 27 different antibiotics in various proportions. Of the limited antibiotic testing levels, nitrofurantoin (54/66, 82%) and amikacin (30/51, 59%) were the most common. Among those tested, there were high levels of resistance to antibiotics in the “Access” and “Watch” groups of antibiotics (2019 WHO classification). In the “Reserve” group, both antibiotics showed resistance (polymyxin 15%, tigecycline 8%). Multidrug resistance was seen among 89% of the positive culture samples. This calls for urgent measures to optimize the use of antibiotics in UTI care at policy and health facility levels through stewardship to prevent further augmentation of antibiotic resistance among cancer patients.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant urinary tract isolates of escherichia coli: Frequency and patient demographics in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Muhmmad Wasif Baig ◽  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Rizwan Rasool Khan ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major burden to the health care as it is estimated that around 150 million UTIs occur yearly worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common agent causing serious urinary tract infections; and MDR cases are increasing day by day. Objectives: To determine the frequency and patient demographics of multidrug resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia Coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Medicine Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital / The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad. Period: From May 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: 187 patients of age 15 to 90 years with positive E. coli on urine culture and sensitivity were included in this Retrospective cross sectional study. All those patients with history of dysuria (pain during urination) or frequent urination (more than 7 times per day) were advised urine complete analysis and those with >5 WBCs or pus cells /HPF or having positive for leukocyte esterase and/or nitrite, were advised urine culture and sensitivity. Main outcome variable was the frequency of MDRE cases among the culture positive E. coli UTI patients. Results: Among all the cases of E. coli UTI, frequency of MDRE UTI was 66.8% (n=125) and rest 33.2% (n= 62) cases were not MDR UTI. 97.3% patients were resistant to lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to aminoglycosides.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori using Whole Genome Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Afrida Fauzia ◽  
Hafeza Aftab ◽  
Muhammad Miftahussurur ◽  
Langgeng Agung Waskito ◽  
Vo Phuoc Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract The nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the biofilm formation phenotype of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Fifty-six H. pylori isolates from Bangladeshi patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Crystal violet was used to classify the phenotypes into high- and low-biofilm formers. Whole genome sequences were analyzed using the “Antimicrobial Resistance Identification By Assembly” (ARIBA) pipeline. The results indicated 19.6% high- and 81.4% low-biofilm formers. These phenotypes were not related to specific clades in the phylogenetic analysis. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with SNPs of alpA, alpB, cagE, cgt, csd4, csd5, futB, gluP, homD, and murF (P < 0.05). Among the SNPs reported in alpB, strains encoding the N156K, G160S, and A223V mutations were high-biofilm formers. Mutations associated with antibiotic resistance can be detected. This study revealed the potential role of SNPs to biofilm formation, and propose a method to detect mutation in antibiotic resistance and biofilm from whole genome sequences.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections inPakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sarmad Zahoor ◽  
Naveed Shehzad Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Asif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Jehangir ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary track infection (UTI) is a common infection in Pakistan. Poor knowledge about personal hygiene and lack of awareness are major reasons of this infection. All over the world and in Pakistan E. coli and K. pneumonia are main causative agents of UTI.Objectives:To analyze Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections.Methods: In present study total 227 samples from Genomic Research Lab and Diagnostic Center Rawalpindi, Pakistan were tested for presence of different microbial infectious agents and their antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern. Biochemical test such as Gram staining, Lactose fermentation test, Motility test, Catalase test and Colony formation on MacConkey agar, Indole test, and Citrate utilization test were applied. The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern was evaluated by using fourteen different antibiotics on MullarHigton agar. Top ten antibiotics were selected at a cut off value of 100 samples for E. coli and 20 samples for Klebsiella.Results: Against E. coli and K. species the most susceptible antibiotic was Imipenam with 97.5% and Amikacin with 94.9% susceptibility respectively. Moreover, against E. coli and K. species the most resistance antibiotic was Ciprofloxacin 81.7% and Tobramycin with 76.1% resistance respectively. The comparison of present study with pervious studies had shown an increase in resistance against various antibiotics.Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that antibiotic resistance is on raise in Pakistan and the effect of each antibiotic was different with respect to type of infectious agent so it is recommended that the doctor should determine the dominant type of infectious agent and its susceptibility response before prescription of any antibiotic.   

scholarly journals Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Raziur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Palash Mitra ◽  
Tabassum Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common illness. The spectrum of bacteria causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity is not uniform. This study was designed to describe the bacteriological spectrum causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Internal Medicine, BIRDEM General Hospital from January to June, 2013.Results: Total number of patients was 103 with females predominance (F:M ratio 2:1). Mean age was 57.5 years. Most (91.3%) of the study population were diabetic with poor glycaemic control (mean HbA1c 9.9%). Common symptoms were fever, dysuria, increased urinary frequency, suprapubic pain, vomiting and loin pain. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was common (94.2%). E. coli (79.6%) was the commonest aetiological agent followed by Klebsiella (9.7%), Citrobacter (3.9%), Acinetobacter (1.9%), Enterobacter (1.9%), Enterococcus (1.9%) and Pseudomonas (0.9%). Imipenem (100%), aminoglycosides e.g. amikacin and gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were among the most sensitive antibiotics.Conclusion: E. coli is the commonest organism causing UTI and imipenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin are the most sensitive antibiotics.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(1): 20-23

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Groups ofEscherichia coliStrains from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran Based on the New Clermont Phylotyping Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darioush Iranpour ◽  
Mojtaba Hassanpour ◽  
Hossein Ansari ◽  
Saeed Tajbakhsh ◽  
Gholamreza Khamisipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Method

Objectives.In 2013, Clermont classifiedE. colistrains into eight phylogenetic groups using a new quadruplex PCR method. The aims of this study were to identify the phylogenetic groups ofE. colibased on this method and to assess their antibiotic resistance patterns in Bushehr, Iran.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 140E. coliisolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method.Results. Phylogenetic group B2 was most predominant (39.3%), followed by unknown (27.1%), E (9.3%), C and clade I (each 6.4%), B1 (5%), F and D (each 2.9%), and A (0.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was related to amoxicillin (82.1%) and the least to meropenem (0.7%). 82.14% of isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in group B2 (50%).Conclusions.Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDRE. coliisolates with dominance of group B2. About 25% ofE. coliisolates belong to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I. Such studies need to be done also in other regions to provide greater understanding of the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalences of different phylogenetic groups.

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