scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections inPakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sarmad Zahoor ◽  
Naveed Shehzad Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Asif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Jehangir ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary track infection (UTI) is a common infection in Pakistan. Poor knowledge about personal hygiene and lack of awareness are major reasons of this infection. All over the world and in Pakistan E. coli and K. pneumonia are main causative agents of UTI.Objectives:To analyze Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections.Methods: In present study total 227 samples from Genomic Research Lab and Diagnostic Center Rawalpindi, Pakistan were tested for presence of different microbial infectious agents and their antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern. Biochemical test such as Gram staining, Lactose fermentation test, Motility test, Catalase test and Colony formation on MacConkey agar, Indole test, and Citrate utilization test were applied. The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern was evaluated by using fourteen different antibiotics on MullarHigton agar. Top ten antibiotics were selected at a cut off value of 100 samples for E. coli and 20 samples for Klebsiella.Results: Against E. coli and K. species the most susceptible antibiotic was Imipenam with 97.5% and Amikacin with 94.9% susceptibility respectively. Moreover, against E. coli and K. species the most resistance antibiotic was Ciprofloxacin 81.7% and Tobramycin with 76.1% resistance respectively. The comparison of present study with pervious studies had shown an increase in resistance against various antibiotics.Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that antibiotic resistance is on raise in Pakistan and the effect of each antibiotic was different with respect to type of infectious agent so it is recommended that the doctor should determine the dominant type of infectious agent and its susceptibility response before prescription of any antibiotic.   

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIAL STRAINS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN RURAL MAHARASHTRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Sunil Shivaputrayya Gidamudi ◽  
Gaurav V Salunke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to find out the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients attending B.K.L. Walawalkar Hospital,Dervan and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to currently used antimicrobial agents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural hospital of Konkan Maharashtra, and urine samples were collected from368 clinically - suspected cases of UTIs using the mid-stream “clean catch” method and was tested and cultured using standard procedures. Antimicrobialsusceptibility test (AST) was performed for the isolated pathogens according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Escherichia coli (54.84%) was the most prevalent uropathogen. 76.47% of the isolated E. coli were found to be extended spectrum betalactamase producers. A higher prevalence rate of resistance was seen among E. coli to the commonly prescribed antibiotic agents. 32 (94.11%) of34 E. coli isolates recovered had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), with 16 isolates (50%) possessing MAR indices of 0.6.Conclusion: The study indicates the isolated microorganisms in UTI showed very high resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs.This suggests the monitoring and rational use of the antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Mid-stream, Culture, Uropathogen, Resistance, Multiple antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Improving the Management of Pediatric Upper Urinary Tract Infections at Odorheiu Secuiesc Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Koncsag-Szász Előd ◽  
Szőcs-Gazdi Uzonka ◽  
Magyari Izabella ◽  
Jancsó Réka ◽  
Szalai Mária ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Protocol Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The primary goal of our retrospective analysis was to check the correctness of the diagnosis, and to identify the potential diagnostic errors among patients coded with N10 diagnosis in 2009, 2014 and 2019 in the pediatric ward of Odorheiu Secuiesc Hospital; we also assessed protocol-adherence in treatment and prophylaxis, and changes in antibiotic resistance of the isolated E. coli strains. During this 10 year-period significant improvements have been achieved in the treatment of upper urinary tract infections: in 2009 the diagnosis could be disputed in 31 out of 61 cases, while in 2019 this ratio is only 2 out of 31 cases; the number of cases pretreated with antibiotics decreased to a third, contaminated urine samples are rare to occur, the unmotivated antibiotics prophylaxis is essentially nonexistent, and there are no major documentation deficiencies either. In our study we present the antibiotic susceptibility of 50 E. coli strains isolated from the study group, which suggests some favorable changes.

scholarly journals Identification of AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Genes and Detection of Mutation in Efflux Repressor AcrR from Omeprazole Responsive Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863611988962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandan Chowdhury ◽  
Sabrina Suhani ◽  
Auditi Purkaystha ◽  
Musammat Kulsuma Begum ◽  
Topu Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Antimicrobial resistance poses a threat in the treatment of infectious diseases in Bangladesh as well as in the world. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae, the most common cause of one such infectious disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), has contributed to the escalating problem of selecting empiric antibiotics against UTIs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the efflux pump in MDR Escherichia coli isolates from UTI in the North-East region of Bangladesh, to isolate and characterize the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump genes of these locally isolated strains and to do mutation analysis of the efflux pump repressor AcrR gene to understand the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump mechanism. In the presence of omeprazole, an efflux pump inhibitor, every MDR E. coli isolate showed increased susceptibility to at least 1 of the 7 antibiotics investigated, indicating that efflux pump might be involved in their antibiotic resistance. Omeprazole decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration of every antibiotics being investigated by 2- to 8-fold. DNA and the deduced amino acid sequences of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products analyzed by bioinformatics tools revealed that the chromosomal AcrAB-TolC and AcrR genes were present in all MDR and antibiotic-susceptible E. coli isolates. However, the deduced amino acid sequences of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR product of the AcrR gene revealed that the substitution of arginine to cysteine at position 45 of AcrR was observed only in the MDR E. coli whose antibiotic susceptibility increased in the presence of omeprazole. Data reported herein support the notion that the increased antibiotic susceptibility of the MDR E. coli isolates in the presence of omeprazole might be due to efflux pump(s) inhibition and the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump might be a contributor to antibiotic resistance when the mutation of arginine to cysteine occurs at position 45 of AcrR.

scholarly journals In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽  
Alexandru Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

Nghiên cứu sự kháng kháng sinh của các chủng vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn đường tiết niệu phân lập được tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trâm Quế Anh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Xác định đúng căn nguyên gây NKĐTN và mức độ kháng kháng sinh của các vi khuẩn sẽ giúp cho việc điều trị có hiệu quả, giảm được chi phí điều trị, hạn chế sự gia tăng vi khuẩn đề kháng kháng sinh. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Các chủng VK gây nhiễm khuẩn đương tiết niệu phân lập được tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An từ 1/2020 đến 12/2020. Thiết kế nghiên cứu: Cắt ngang mô tả. Kết quả: Phân lập được 473 chủng vi khuẩn gây NKĐTN, trong đó, E. coli 38,48%; P. aeruginosa 14,15; Enterococcus sp 10,57; K. pneumoniae 13,32%. E. coli: kháng các kháng sinh Cephalosporine, Quinolones từ 56,7 - 63,8%, Carbapenem 4,5 - 6,2%, sinh ESBL 49,4%. P. aeruginosa: đã kháng các kháng sinh thử nghiệm từ 59,1 - 69,2%. Enterococcus sp: kháng với các kháng sinh nhóm Quinolone 73,5%, kháng Vancomycin 8,3%; Chưa ghi nhận đề kháng Linezolid. K. pneumoniae: kháng nhóm Cephalosporin, Quinolone từ 66,7 - 74,6%, đề kháng với Carbapenem từ 46,0 - 50,8%. Kết luận: Các vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu thường gặp là: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. Các vi khuẩn phân lập được đã đề kháng với nhiều kháng sinh thường dùng với các mức độ khác nhau. Xuất hiện các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm kháng Carbapenem, Gram dương kháng Vancomycin. Từ khóa: Nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu, E.coli, Klebsiella, P.aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp ABSTRACT RESEARCH OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA STRAINS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ISOLATED AT NGHEAN FRIENDSHIP GENERAL HOSPITAL Background: The good identification of UTI microorganism and their antimicrobial susceptibility would promote the effective treatment, reduce the cost as well as the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Methods: Bacterial strains causing urinary tract infections were isolated at Nghe An Friendship General Hospital from 1/2020 to 12/2020. Study design: Descriptive cross section. Results: 473 bacterial strains causing UTIs were isolated, in which, E. coli 38.48%; P. aeruginosa 14.15; Enterococcus sp 10.57; K. pneumoniae 13.32%. E. coli: resistant to Cephalosporin antibiotics, Quinolones from 56.7 - 63.8%, Carbapenem 4.5 - 6.2%, producing ESBL 49.4%. P. aeruginosa: was resistant to the tested antibiotics from 59.1 - 69.2%. Enterococcus sp: resistant to Quinolone antibiotics 73.5%, resistant to Vancomycin 8.3%; Linezolid resistance has not been recorded. K. pneumoniae: resistant to Cephalosporin, Quinolone from 66.7 - 74.6%, resistant to Carbapenem from 46.0 - 50.8%. Conclusion: Common bacteria causing urinary tract infections are: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. The isolates were resistant to many commonly used antibiotics to varying degrees. Occurrence of strains of Gram - negative bacteria resistant to Carbapenem, Gram - positive resistant to Vancomycin. Keywords: Urinary Tract infections, E. coli, Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Youssef Hospital Center: first report from Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon

10.3823/0802 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Elie Bou Raad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Hospital Center

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common infection feature worldwide.   Infected patients are usually treated empirically treated without culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, and which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance level. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common uropathogenic bacteria isolated at Youssef Hospital Center, Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon. Methods. Spot midstream of urine samples from 9662 patients with UTI symptoms who came for medical investigation to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate.  Urine specimens were collected in sterile plastic bottles. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using conventional tools according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results.  A total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was most presented (72.5%) of all isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but comparable to previously published data in Lebanon. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients in the Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare centers.   Keywords: Uropathogens, Epidemiology, Antibiotic susceptibility, Risk factors, Akkargovernorate, North Lebanon.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Uropathogenic E. coli and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (Esbl)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
V. Naveen Kumar ◽  
Chitralekha Saikumar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infection among the humans. One of the most important factors impacting the management of UTI over the past decade is emergence of anti-microbial resistance among uropathogens. ESBL production is one of the most common mechanisms of anti-microbial resistance, the other being Amp C β-lactamases in gram negative bacteria. This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of ESBL producing strains and their anti-microbial susceptibility pattern to newer agents to guide therapy for urinary tract infection. The present studies isolates and identify Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern with special reference to ESBL. The emergence of β-lactamase is a Metter of serious concern .The drug resistance in gram negative bacilli is due to production of β-lactamases, AmpC lactamases, Efflux mechanisms and Porin deficiency. Out of the total 3580 urine samples, 987 samples (27.56%) showed No growth, 1786 (49.88%) showed the presence of Gram negative bacteria. Totally, 1081 E. coli species were isolated and < 30% of them were found to be ESBL positive. Uropathogenic E. coli   isolates are highly susceptible towards Meropenem and Imipenem antibiotics and highly resistant towards β-lactam and Cephalosporins antibiotics. Hence, the present study urged to implement the management plan for using those antibiotics in patients for preventing the antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections in pregnancy in a rural population of Bangladesh: population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology, and antibiotic resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne CC Lee ◽  
Luke C. Mullany ◽  
Alain K. Koffi ◽  
Iftekhar Rafiqullah ◽  
Rasheda Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Population Based ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, is associated with maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight. In low-middle income countries (LMICs), the capacity for screening and treatment of UTIs is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of UTIs in pregnancy in Bangladesh. Methods In a community-based cohort in Sylhet district, Bangladesh, urine specimens were collected at the household level in 4242 pregnant women (< 20 weeks gestation) for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Basic descriptive analysis was performed, as well as logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for UTI risk factors. Results The prevalence of UTI was 8.9% (4.4% symptomatic UTI, 4.5% asymptomatic bacteriuria). Risk factors for UTI in this population included maternal undernutrition (mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm: aOR= 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61), primiparity (aOR= 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.84), and low paternal education (no education: aOR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09–2.22). The predominant uro-pathogens were E. coli (38% of isolates), Klebsiella (12%), and staphyloccocal species (23%). Group B streptococcus accounted for 5.3% of uro-pathogens. Rates of antibiotic resistance were high, with only two-thirds of E. coli susceptible to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions In Sylhet, Bangladesh, one in 11 women had a UTI in pregnancy, and approximately half of cases were asymptomatic. There is a need for low-cost and accurate methods for UTI screening in pregnancy and efforts to address increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in LMIC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immunocompetent Urinary Tract Infected Balb/C Mouse Model For the Study of Antibiotic Resistance Development Using Escherichia Coli CFT073 Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Chockalingam ◽  
Sharron Stewart ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Adarsh Gandhi ◽  
Murali K. Matta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common worldwide and are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of the development of antibiotic resistance. Immunocompetent murine models of human UTI have been used to study pathogenesis and treatment but not for investigating resistance development after treatment with antibiotics. In this study, intravesical inoculation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 in immunocompetent Balb/c mice was used as a model of human UTI. The value of the model in investigating antibiotic exposure on in vivo emergence of antibiotic resistance was examined. Experimentally infected mice were treated with 20 or 200 mg/kg ampicillin, 5 or 50 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, or 100 or 1000 mg/kg of fosfomycin. Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were given twice daily at 8 h intervals, and fosfomycin was given once daily. Antibiotic treatment began 24 h after bacterial inoculation and ended after 72 h following the initial treatment. Although minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the experimental strain of E. coli were exceeded at peak concentrations in tissues and consistently in urine, low levels of bacteria persisted in tissues in all experiments. E. coli from bladder tissue, kidney, and urine grew on plates containing 1× MIC of antibiotic, but none grew at 3× MIC. This model is not suitable for studying emergent resistance but might serve to examine bacterial persistence.

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