scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF THE STEM BARK EXTRACTS OFPTEROCARPUS ERINACEUS (POIR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-566
Author(s):  
Ogah Sunday ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals and have been widely used in modern-day processing drugs. Pterocarpus Erinaceus and has been commonly utilized in Nigerian folk medicine to treat various illnesses such as diarrhea, dysentery, urethral discharges, fever. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Pterocarpus Erinaceus were analyzed. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The antimicrobial screening showed that the plant is active against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred O Obonga ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽  
Sampson C Nwabuko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of the Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugwoke C E C ◽  
Orji J. ◽  
Anze S P G ◽  
Ilodibia C V
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

Background: Plants contain secondary metabolites or phytochemicals, which when consumed by humans give therapeutic effect. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. An antimicrobial assay was also carried out to verify claims on its use in the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods: The experimental procedure involved collection of the leaf, stem and root of the plant from the wild, authenticating the samples and drying under shade to facilitate pulverization. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods to reveal the presence and percentage composition of basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and water to produce ethanol and aqueous crude extracts that were reconstituted in normal saline to concentrations (mg/ml) of 150, 100, 75 and 50. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The plant parts contain alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and sterols at varying concentrations. The leaf however had highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was concentrationdependent in all parts of the plant and both extracts. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most susceptible while Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were least susceptible with an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of about 8 – 10 mm. Conclusion: The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antimicrobial effect as revealed by the IZDs, the plant could be classified as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Thus, the claim on its potency in treatment of infectious diseases by traditional medical practitioners could be said to be justified.

scholarly journals Frecuencia de bacterias gramnegativas en teléfonos celulares de estudiantes de enfermería

SANUS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
María Isabel Álvarez-Rangel ◽  
Gerardo Flores-Patiño ◽  
Itzen Lazarini-Torres ◽  
Said Alejandro Cazares-Patiño ◽  
Dolores Monserrat Silva-Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Para Determinar

Introducción: Hoy en día, el uso indiscriminado del teléfono celular ha llevado a manipularlo en condiciones inadecuadas de higiene. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de bacterias gramnegativas (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomona aeruginosa) en los teléfonos celulares de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de una Universidad del centro de México. Metodología: El estudio corresponde a un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y un alcance descriptivo. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, eligiendo a 60 alumnos con previo consentimiento informado. Se tomaron las muestras en los teléfonos celulares, se procedió a la incubación por 24 horas en tubos con medio Soya Tripticaseína, se sembró en cajas petri, dejándose incubar por 48 horas y se procedió a la caracterización morfológica de las bacterias para determinar su presencia. Resultados: Del 100% de las muestras, el 41.67% no presentó crecimiento bacteriano y en el 58.33% de los teléfonos se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Salmonella Typhi con 2.98%, Enterobacter Aerogenes 28.35%, Escherichia Coli 28.35%, Klebsiella 11.94%, Pseudomona 0.00% y otras 28.35%. Conclusión: La mayoría de la muestra de estudio, porta en sus teléfonos celulares bacterias potencialmente patógenas, lo que supone un riesgo de contaminación cruzada y una posible fuente de brotes de infecciones intra y extrahospitalarias.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF UNCONVENTIONAL PLANT SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
SANCHITA CHANDRAKANT SANGLE ◽  
NIKITA MANOHARAN ◽  
KIRTI LIMGAOKAR ◽  
ANUKRITI NIGAM
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Objective: Plant phenols are extensively studied, thanks to their many prophylactic (anti-tumoural, ulcer, inflammatory) and therapeutic effects. Their many antioxidants may protect against diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases. Our objective was to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of our samples: Cocos nucifera (shell), Punica granatum (peel), Citrus limonum (rind), and Ocimum sanctum (stem); in conjugation with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The hydro-methanolic extracts of the selected plant parts were assessed for polyphenols. Antioxidant (ferric reducing power assay) and antibacterial (Kirby Bauer disc diffusion) assays were run for varying concentrations against-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Results: The results showed that the samples all contained polyphenols with high total phenolic activity in pomegranate and high antibacterial activity in coconut. A more comprehensive study could lead to their emphatic incorporation into mainstream medicine and pharmaceuticals–furnishing natural alternatives to their chemical counterparts. Conclusion: The present study concludes that hydro-methanolic extracts of the samples contain phytochemicals in high concentrations, conferring upon them promising antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Co (III) and Fe (III) Complexes of Imino-N-heterocyclic Carbenes Ligands

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Samaila Abubakar ◽  
Musa Muktari ◽  
Rejoice Atiko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The synthesis and antimicrobial application of Co (III) and Fe (III) complexes of imine functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (Imino-NHC) ligands is reported. The ligand precursors 1-(2-[(hydroxyl-benzylidene)-amino]-ethyl)-3-R-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide where R = pyridyl (1a) and benzyl (1b) have been reported in our previous work. The in-situ generated ligands of 1a and 1b have been successfully coordinated to CoBr2 and [FeI(Cp)(CO)2] leading to the isolation of air-stable N^C^N^O four coordinate Co(III)  complex 2 and a six-coordinate Fe(III) complex 3. The synthesised complexes were both found to be NMR inactive hence were characterize using FTIR and LRMS. The complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against four gram-negative bacteria Escherichia Coli (E-coli), Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and a gram positive bacteria Staphylocossus aureus (S. aureus). The antimicrobial test was conducted using disc diffusion methods and based on the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µg/ mL, significant activities were recorded for both cobalt and the iron complexes.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMON PEEL (CITRUS LIMON) EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junab Ali ◽  
Biswajit Das ◽  
Trideep Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract from the peel of the fruit of Citrus Limon (Family-Rutaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The methanolic extract from the peel of the fruit of Citrus Limon (Family-Rutaceae) was separated from fruits, shade dried, powdered and extracted using methanol, analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and other is Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and 1 fungal strains (Candida albicans) using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the fruits peel Citrus limon. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and citric acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that methanolic extract of the peel of Citrus Limon contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The methanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. 

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Fraxinus Species from Korea Using Microscopic Characterization, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Lipase Enzyme Activity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
Woo Sung Park ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Mi-Jeong Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Lipase Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Cork Cell ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Fraxinus species belongs to the Oleaceae family, commonly known as Ash tree, and has been utilized as a folk medicine with various medicinal properties, including anti-obesity activity. The goal of the present study was to establish quality control parameters using microscopic characterization, phytochemical differentiation, and anti-lipase activity evaluation of five Fraxinus plants in Korea. Microscopic evaluation of the lower surface, petiole, and midrib of leaves, and stem bark showed discriminative anatomical characteristics, such as the stomatal index of the lower leaf surface; the number of sclerenchyma cells, and the diameter of parenchyma cells in the petiole and midrib; and the cork cell size and fiber frequency in the stem bark. Phytochemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the significant variation in the chemical profiles of the 12 major secondary metabolites among the samples. The orthogonal projections to latent structure-discrimination analysis efficiently differentiated each group belonging to each Fraxinus plant with the anatomical and quantification data. F. rhynchophylla and ligstroside showed the most potent anti-lipase activity among the plants and the 12 major metabolites, respectively. These findings could serve as the scientific criteria for the appropriate identification and establishment of standards for the use of Fraxinus species as medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint against some food-borne pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Maha A. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

The increasing rate of resistance development for commonly used antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available medicine. Medicinal plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Aqueous extracts of nine plants (pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint) were qualitatively and quantitatively examined against twenty microbial isolates, mostly food borne including pathogens. (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans) antimicrobial screening was done by agar diffusion (well diffusion) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Among the screened plants, cloves were the most inhibitor against isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans followed by the inhibitory effect of sumac against (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans). On the other hand, pomegranate, sage and lemon showed varied inhibitory effect against the tested food borne isolates, whereas the extracts of anise, hand bull tongue, thyme and mint showed no antimicrobial activities against most of the tested isolates. Regarding the inhibition zone and MIC results, the present study certified that Candida albicans was the most sensitive pathogen as compared with the other food borne pathogens tested (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi).

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