scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Fraxinus Species from Korea Using Microscopic Characterization, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Lipase Enzyme Activity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
Woo Sung Park ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Mi-Jeong Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Lipase Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Cork Cell ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Fraxinus species belongs to the Oleaceae family, commonly known as Ash tree, and has been utilized as a folk medicine with various medicinal properties, including anti-obesity activity. The goal of the present study was to establish quality control parameters using microscopic characterization, phytochemical differentiation, and anti-lipase activity evaluation of five Fraxinus plants in Korea. Microscopic evaluation of the lower surface, petiole, and midrib of leaves, and stem bark showed discriminative anatomical characteristics, such as the stomatal index of the lower leaf surface; the number of sclerenchyma cells, and the diameter of parenchyma cells in the petiole and midrib; and the cork cell size and fiber frequency in the stem bark. Phytochemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the significant variation in the chemical profiles of the 12 major secondary metabolites among the samples. The orthogonal projections to latent structure-discrimination analysis efficiently differentiated each group belonging to each Fraxinus plant with the anatomical and quantification data. F. rhynchophylla and ligstroside showed the most potent anti-lipase activity among the plants and the 12 major metabolites, respectively. These findings could serve as the scientific criteria for the appropriate identification and establishment of standards for the use of Fraxinus species as medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Phenolics, Sterols, and Terpenes in Colored Wheat Grains by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5580
Author(s):  
Mayya P. Razgonova ◽  
Alexander M. Zakharenko ◽  
Elena I. Gordeeva ◽  
Olesya Yu. Shoeva ◽  
Elena V. Antonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Chemical Profiles

The colored grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contains a large number of polyphenolic compounds that are biologically active ingredients. The purpose of this work was a comparative metabolomic study of extracts from anthocyaninless (control), blue, and deep purple (referred to here as black) grains of seven genetically related wheat lines developed for the grain anthocyanin pigmentation trait. To identify target analytes in ethanol extracts, high-performance liquid chromatography was used in combination with Bruker Daltonics ion trap mass spectrometry. The results showed the presence of 125 biologically active compounds of a phenolic (85) and nonphenolic (40) nature in the grains of T. aestivum (seven lines). Among them, a number of phenolic compounds affiliated with anthocyanins, coumarins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanone, flavones, flavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, isoflavone, lignans, other phenolic acids, stilbenes, and nonphenolic compounds affiliated with alkaloids, carboxylic acids, carotenoids, diterpenoids, essential amino acids, triterpenoids, sterols, nonessential amino acids, phytohormones, purines, and thromboxane receptor antagonists were found in T. aestivum grains for the first time. A comparative analysis of the diversity of the compounds revealed that the lines do not differ from each other in the proportion of phenolic (53.3% to 70.3% of the total number of identified compounds) and nonphenolic compounds (46.7% to 29.7%), but diversity of the compounds was significantly lower in grains of the control line. Even though the lines are genetically closely related and possess similar chemical profiles, some line-specific individual compounds were identified that constitute unique chemical fingerprints and allow to distinguish each line from the six others. Finally, the influence of the genotype on the chemical profiles of the wheat grains is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Inner Morphological and Chemical Studies on Reynoutria Species in Korea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Woo Sung Park ◽  
Dong-Min Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Projections To Latent Structures ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Latent Structures

Reynoutria species are medicinal plants that belong to the family Polygonaceae and are widely distributed in eastern Asia, North America and Europe. Although the phylogeny and morphological and anatomical studies of some species in Korea have been previously reported, there are no discriminative anatomical and chemical data available. Therefore, anatomical characterization of the leaf, stem and root, and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) analyses were carried out to assess the differences in anatomical and chemical profiles among the Reynoutria plants in Korea, i.e., R. japonica, R. sachalinensis, R. forbesii and R. japonica for. elata. The anatomical evaluation showed discriminative characteristics, such as the shape of the stomata and the stomatal index of the lower leaf surface; the ratio of the adaxial/abaxial height, the size of the vascular bundles and the frequency of druse in the midrib, petiole, and stem; and the pericycle number in the root. For the HPLC analysis, ten compounds corresponding to each major peak were isolated from R. japonica roots and their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic studies. Samples collected before the flowering season showed higher contents of these ten major compounds than those collected after the flowering season. The orthogonal projections to latent structures-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) with the inner morphological and HPLC quantification results, clearly discriminated these plants. These results provide anatomical parameters and HPLC profiling that can be used to distinguish the four Reynoutria plants, which supports quality control for their precise identification.

scholarly journals Exploring the Chemical Profiles and Biological Values of Two Spondias Species (S. dulcis and S. mombin): Valuable Sources of Bioactive Natural Products

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova ◽  
Reneta Gevrenova ◽  
Marie Carene Nancy Picot-Allain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Spondias species have been used in traditional medicine for different human ailments. In this study, the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) and extraction methods (infusion, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction) on the enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antioxidant properties of S. mombin and S. dulcis leaves and stem bark were evaluated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) yield in the identification and/or annotation of 98 compounds showing that the main secondary metabolites of the plant are gallic and ellagic acids and their derivatives, ellagitannins, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids and flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols. The leaves infusion of both Spondias species showed highest inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (10.10 and 10.45 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, for S. dulcis and S. mombin, respectively). The ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark of S. mombin and S. dulcis actively inhibited α-glucosidase. Methanolic extracts of the leaves and stem bark exhibited highest tyrosinase inhibitory action. Antioxidant activity and higher levels of phenolics were observed for the methanolic extracts of Spondias. The results suggested that the Spondias species could be considered as natural phyto-therapeutic agents in medicinal and cosmeceutical applications.

Anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemical profile of leaf and stem bark of Bathysa cuspidata (Rubiaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Peçanha de Miranda Coelho ◽  
João Paulo Viana Leite ◽  
Líria Granato Nunes ◽  
Marília Contin Ventrella
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Bathysa cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. is a species native to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, with stem bark currently used in folk medicine. Uncontrolled bark collections cause problems of environmental sustainability, making it necessary to evaluate more abundant and renewable new sources of raw plant material, such as leaves. This work evaluated the anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry of leaves and stem bark of B. cuspidata, aiming to find similarities in the chemical composition between these plant parts and to provide anatomical data to supplement the quality control of this plant drug. Common light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and histochemical studies. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the phytochemistry analysis. The concentration of total phenolics was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and the contents of proanthocyanidins using the vanillin reagent. The leaves and bark of B. cuspidata display morphoanatomical characters common to the family Rubiaceae. The histochemical and phytochemical results reveal similarities and differences between the leaves and bark of B. cuspidata, suggesting that the extracts of both parts should be considered and subjected to pharmacological studies in order to investigate the effectiveness of the therapeutic actions reported in folk medicine.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Chemical Characterization of Ulmus Species from South Korea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Woo-Sung Park ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Dong-Min Kang ◽  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Latent Structures

Ulmus species (Ulmaceae) are large deciduous trees distributed throughout Korea. Although their root and stem bark have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and wounds in folk medicine, commercial products are consumed without any standardization. Therefore, we examined anatomical and chemical differences among five Ulmus species in South Korea. Transverse sections of leaf, stem, and root barks were examined under a microscope to elucidate anatomical differences. Stem and root bark exhibited characteristic medullary ray and secretary canal size. Leaf surface, petiole, and midrib exhibited characteristic inner morphologies including stomatal size, parenchyma, and epidermal cell diameter, as well as ratio of vascular bundle thickness to diameter among the samples. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis of anatomical data efficiently differentiated the five species. To evaluate chemical differences among the five species, we quantified (-)-catechin, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (-)-catechin-5-O-β-D-apiofuranoside using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector. (-)-Catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside content was the highest among all compounds in all species, and (-)-catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside content was characteristically the highest in Ulmus parvifolia among the five species. Overall, the Ulmus species tested was able to be clearly distinguished on the basis of anatomy and chemical composition, which may be used as scientific criteria for appropriate identification and standard establishment for commercialization of these species

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF THE STEM BARK EXTRACTS OFPTEROCARPUS ERINACEUS (POIR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-566
Author(s):  
Ogah Sunday ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals and have been widely used in modern-day processing drugs. Pterocarpus Erinaceus and has been commonly utilized in Nigerian folk medicine to treat various illnesses such as diarrhea, dysentery, urethral discharges, fever. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Pterocarpus Erinaceus were analyzed. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The antimicrobial screening showed that the plant is active against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of Eremostachys macrophylla Montbr. & Auch. Aerial Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Parina Asgharian ◽  
Abbas Delazar ◽  
Solmaz Asnaashari
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Pure Compounds

Background: Eremostachys macrophylla Montbr. & Auch. is one of the wild growing species of herbs found in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. These species are used in folk medicine for the healing of wound, treatment of snake bites, rheumatism and joint pains. The primary aim of this study was to obtain natural pure compounds and this was done by subjecting the aerial parts of Eremostachys macrophylla Montbr. & Auch. to phytochemical analysis. Methods: The air-dried and crushed aerial parts were respectively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) solvents using a soxhlet apparatus. The 10%, 20% and 40% of MeOH in water Sep-Pak fractions of the MeOH extract were subjected to a preparative reversed- phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Also, the isolated pure compounds were identified by one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D-NMR) spectroscopic technique. Results: The results obtained in this study showed the presence of seven pure components; (1) Lamalbide, (2) Sesamoside, (3) Phlomiol, (4) Verbascoside, (5) Luteolin-7-O- glucoside, (6) Apigenin-7-O- rutinoside and (7) Kaempferol-3-O- glucoside with iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid structures. Conclusion: The results from the study demonstrated that the aerial parts of E. macrophylla could be a good source of iridoids, phenylethanoids and flavonoids.

scholarly journals Antimalarial, Antioxidant Activities and Chemoprofile of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Celestina Orabueze ◽  
Sarah Chiamaka Uzor ◽  
Bou Ndiaye ◽  
Desire Uba ◽  
Duncan Azubuike. Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Perennial Plant

Background. Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) is a religious and ornamental perennial plant with highly valued medicinal usage in Nigeria. Sansevieria liberica is used in the management of malarial fever. The ease of development of resistance to available antimalarial drugs has resulted in increased clinical failure and mortality. The study investigated the antimalarial effects of Sansevieria liberica (SL) leaf extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Materials and Methods. The ability of SL leaf extract to suppress the growth of malaria parasites in early (suppressive) and established (curative) infections was established using animal models. The mean survival time (MST) was determined. The antioxidant potential was established using two standard in vitro models. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and phytochemical analysis methods were used to create a chemoprofile fingerprint of SL hydroethanolic leaf extract. Results. At 200, 400, and 400·mg kg−1, SL produced 68.71, 70.74, and 75.09% parasite suppression in the suppressive model while the curative model gave a percentage of cure of 71.09, 72.60, and 62.09, respectively. The animals lived longer compared to both negative and positive controls but were not fully protected. The IC50 values of SL and vitamin C were calculated to be 3.599 µg mL−1 and 3.08 µg mL−1, respectively. The reducing power of vitamin C was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) higher than that of SL extract. Some flavonoids were established as possible marker compounds for SL leaf extract. Discussion and Conclusions. The antimalarial assay results demonstrated that the use of SL in folk medicine may have scientific support.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and hypotensive activity of Ipomoea pes-caprae on blood pressure of normotensive rats

Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Manhães Braga Gonçalves ◽  
Amaro Chaves Ramos ◽  
Marcelo da Silva Mathias ◽  
Queitilane de Souza Sales ◽  
Carolina Chaves Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hypotensive Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), popularly known as “salsa-da-praia”, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including hypertension. The aim of this research was to evaluate hypotensive activity attributed to this species and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for this effect. Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae (PIEA) was fractionated by column chromatography with Amberlite XAD-2, thus achieving a methanolic fraction (PIEA-M). The chemical profile investigation of PIEA-M was conducted by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and compound isolation through High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography (HPCCC). Hemodynamic evaluations of PIEA, PIEA-M and isolated compounds were carried out on normotensive rats. The locomotor activity of PIEA and PIEA-M were performed by Rota Rod test using Swiss mice. UPLC-MS analysis of PIEA-M led to the identification of 11 compounds corresponding to seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids. By means of HPCCC, quercetin 6”-O-acetyl-3-O- glucoside (1), a mixture of quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin-3-O- glucoside (2) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (3) were isolated. PIEA, PIEA-M and the obtained compounds (1 and 2) significantly reduced blood pressure. Also, PIEA and PIEA-M caused significant impairment on mice locomotor activity. These results indicate the potential of Ipomoea pes-caprae as a source of hypotensive agents suggesting that phenolic compounds present in the species are responsible for its hypotensive activity.

Bryophyllum Pinnatum: A Review on Medicinal Benefits and Potent Bioactive Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-992
Author(s):  
Punit Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Kashyap K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Since its inception, people are using herbal extracts as natural remedies for the treatment of various diseases. Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, is a well-recognized herb used in folk medicine. It is native to Madagascar and further planted in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. It is known for the profusion of miniature plantlets which arise from the margins of phylloclade. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the information regarding local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and different phytochemicals reported from leaves extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of the literature about Bryophyllum pinnatum available in different online databases, such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, authors have focused on ethnopharmacological importance and phytochemicals present in Bryophyllum pinnatum and their structure. The structures of the phytochemical were prepared by the ChemDraw tool. Results: This plant is used as a traditional herbal medicine around the globe due to medicinal properties like; anthelmintic, immunosuppressive, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like; alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, glycosides, bufadienolides, lipids, and organic acids, etc. which are associated with different medicinal properties. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses diverse pharmacological importance and remarkable medicinal properties. Investigators have reported a large number of phytochemicals exhibiting different medicinal properties and correlation of medicinal properties.

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