scholarly journals Accelerated ageing as a vigour test on chickpea seeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Letícia Betânia Xavier Dias ◽  
Pedro Afonso de Melo Queiroz ◽  
Lara Bernardes da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Marco Antônio Moreira de Freitas ◽  
Érica Fernandes Leão Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Ageing Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Initial Characterization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Saline Test

The objective of this work was to establish the temperature and the period of exposure needed to perform the traditional accelerated ageing test with saturated NaCl salt solution on chickpea seeds. Eight seed lots from two cultivars, including four seeds each, were subjected to germination and vigour tests for initial characterization. Following the methodology of the traditional accelerated ageing test. The seeds were placed on stainless steel screens in boxes with 40 mL deionized water. They were kept at 41 and 45º Celsius for 24 and 48 hours. Furthermore, the accelerated ageing test using [40 g of NaCl in 100 mL of water, thus providing 76% of relative humidity in air] NaCl (salt) solution in place of the deionized water was performed. Aged seeds were sowed in germination paper and kept in a germination chamber at 41º and 45º Celsius. The evaluations were performed five and eight days after sowing. The statistical analysis was performed with a completely randomized design and four replications. The traditional ageing of both cultivars showed a water content higher than the tolerated limits at 48 hour period and 41 and 45 °C. In the saturated saline test, the cultivar BRS Aleppo produced consistent results at temperatures 45 °C for 24 h. The cultivar Cícero showed a low correlation with the initial characterization as the results of accelerated ageing. Thus, for ‘BRS Aleppo’, the recommended accelerated ageing methodology was application of saturated saline solution, when seed exposed to 41 °C for 24 hours with germination evaluation at the first count date. For 'Cicero', satisfactory results were not obtained, and new studies are required to establish a methodology.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KEASINAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK TELUR AYAM RAS DENGAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Umbang Arif Rokhayati ◽  
Soegeng Herijanto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic value of salty taste in eggs soaked in salt solution with different soaking times. The materials used in this study were 90 eggs, rubbing ash and crust salt (table salt). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study were the organoleptic value and salinity level. The results showed that the duration of soaking eggs in a salt solution had a significant effect on the organoleptic value and salinity of the eggs (P 0.05) on the organoleptic value and the salinity level of the panelists preferred the results of soaking in a salt water solution with a long soaking time of 12 days.

scholarly journals Residual Activity of Type II Pyrethroids, 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
Walid Kaakeh ◽  
B. L. Reid ◽  
G. W. Bennett ◽  
T. J. Bohnert
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Steel Panels

Abstract Laboratory tests determined the contact activity and residual persistence of formulations of 3 cyano-pyrethroids. Test 1 evaluated cyfluthrin formulations: Tempo 20WP (0.05%), Temp 2EW (0.05%), and FCR-4545 10WP (0.025%) applied to tempered masonite panels. Test 2 evaluated deltamethrin 5SC (0.06%) and 2 formulations of cypermethrin: Demon 25.3% EC (0.1%) and Demon 40% WP (0.1%), applied to tempered masonite and stainless steel panels. In both tests, sprays were applied to 225 cm2 panels at the rate of 3.8 ml/900 cm2 using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a stainless steel nozzle tip (TeeJet 8001E), at a constant 25 psi. Treated panels were allowed to dry horizontally and then stored in vertical racks in a greenhouse (high temperatures and exposed to sunlight) for residual aging. At the appropriate aging period, insects were confined to the treated panel in a 12.7-cm diam Plexiglas ring lightly greased with a mixture of petrolatum and mineral oil. Three exposure times were evaluated (range: 10 s to 60 min) at each aging period. Following exposure, insects were transferred to 1 pt holding jars and mortality was recorded 48 h after exposure. Six replicates of 10 adult male cockroaches (<2 wk old) were conducted for each exposure time, at each aging period, for each insecticide treatment. Experiments were conducted as a completely randomized design; mortality data were subjected to ANOVA followed by Fisher’s Protected LSD multiple t-test (P = 0.05).

scholarly journals Physiological and phytosanitary potential of rocket seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucilayne Fernandes Vieira ◽  
Sandro de Oliveira ◽  
Zarela Casas Navarro Zanatta ◽  
Elisa Souza Lemes ◽  
Francisco Amaral Villela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of rocket; the research was done at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and greenhouse of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Four lots of the cultivar "Antonella'' were tested for following features: initial and final moisture content, germination rate, first count of germination, accelerated aging with saline solution, dry matter contents, seedling shoot and root length, emergence speed index, emergence of seedlings in substrate, electrical conductivity and sanitary condition. A completely randomized design with four replications was used for all tests done and means were compared by Tukey test (P≤0.05). For all tests performed it was concluded that despite changes in the ranking of the best lots, there was agreement regarding the indication of the inferiority of the lot 3 in all tests and it was also observed that the incidence of fungi associated with seeds of rocket interfere with the physiological quality of the lots.

scholarly journals Methodological adjustments to the tetrazolium test in coriander seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Nonata Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Gizele Ingrid Gadotti ◽  
Ireni Leitzke Carvalho ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Jerffeson Araujo Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Abstract: The reduction in the time to perform the tetrazolium test is critical in decision making at pre and post-harvest of seeds. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution, temperatures, and staining times, to reduce the time for assessing the viability of coriander seeds by the tetrazolium test. The study was divided into two experiments conducted independently but sequentially. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, and viability in both experiments by the tetrazolium test. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications. For the tetrazolium test, the seeds were preconditioned by direct immersion in water for sixteen hours at 20 °C. In experiment I, the seeds were exposed to different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; and 1.0%). In experiment II, different combinations of temperatures (35; 40; and 45 °C) and staining times (three, four, five, and six hours) were tested. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the best staining pattern of coriander seeds for performing the tetrazolium test is achieved by using the concentration of 0.5% tetrazolium salt solution for five hours at 40 °C.

scholarly journals Rooting Osha Crown Cuttings Using IBA and NAA

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120A-1120
Author(s):  
Bennett J. Sondeno ◽  
Karen L. Panter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ligusticum Porteri ◽  
Root Analysis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Osha (Ligusticum porteri) is a Rocky Mountain native frequently used as a medicinal herb. It is currently harvested largely from the wild. Studies have been under way since 2001 to find ways to propagate and produce the plant. To potentially increase rooting success of crown cuttings of osha, two different rooting hormones were used, each at two concentrations. Treatments were controls, 2500 ppm, and 5000 ppm solutions each of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Cuttings were soaked in deionized water or treatment solutions for 2 min. After soaking cuttings were stuck in sterilized sand in 725-mL2 containers, one cutting per container. Containers were placed on a mist propagation bench at 21 °C in a completely randomized design under natural light and day lengths. Data taken were days to visible root and shoot, and presence or absence of root formation after 50 days. Results indicated only one of 70 cuttings (<1%) produced a shoot. Roots formed on 14% of control cuttings, 64% in 2500 ppm IBA, 86% in 5000 ppm IBA, 36% in 2500 ppm NAA, and 14% in 5000 ppm NAA. Days to rooting ranged from 14.9 (2500 ppm IBA) to 29.0 (5000 ppm NAA). Due to considerable variation in days to rooting, and the number of cuttings that did not root, analysis of variance showed no differences among treatments. Frequency analysis indicated differences among treatments in root presence or absence. The 2500 and 5000 ppm IBA treatments showed more root formation than the controls or either NAA treatment. This indicates IBA may enhance rooting of osha crown cuttings.

scholarly journals Daya Hidup Spermatozoa Epididimis Sapi Persilangan yang Dipreservasi dengan Air Kelapa Muda pada Suhu 5oC (VIABILITY OF EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA CROSSBREED CATTLE PRESERVED WITH COCONUT WATER AT 5oC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Muhammad Riyadhi ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Anis Wahdi ◽  
Habibah Habibah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test

The objective of this research was to examine the effectiveness of coconut water with various egg yolk concentrations in maintaining the viability of epididymal spermatozoa of crossbreed cattle preserved at 5oC. Five testis with epididymides of crossbreed cattle were obtained from slaughterhouse. Epididymal spermatozoa was collected by the combination of slicing, flushing and tissues pressure methods of cauda epididymides with saline solution (0.9% NaCl). Collected-spermatozoa was equally divided in volume into four tubes and diluted with lactose extender containing 20% egg yolk (control), 90% coconut water + 10% egg yolk (CWEY10), 85% coconut water + 15% egg yolk (CWEY15), and 80% coconut water + 20% egg yolk (CWEY20), repectively. Diluted-spermatozoa was stored in refrigerator at 5oC. Quality of dilutedspermatozoa including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated every day during four days of storage. Data were analyzed by using completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Means were compared with significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results of this study showed that mean of spermatozoa concentration, percentage of MS, percentage of LS, percentage of spermatozoa abnormal, and percentage of IPM of crossbreed cattle fresh epididymal spermatozoa were 1,414 million cell/ml, 72%, 85%, 9%, and 90%, respectively. At day-4 of the storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM of control (43, 52.2, 59.2%) and CWEY20 (42, 52, 59%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than CWEY10 (33, 45.4, 52.8%) and CWEY15 (37, 50, 54.6%). In conclusion, lactose and CWEY20 extenders could be maintaining the quality of epidydimal spermatozoa of crossbreed cattle for three days preservation at 5oC and two days for CWEY10 and CWEY15.

scholarly journals Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
J. C. Parr ◽  
B. C. Pass
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The plots, 34 ft X 36 ft, were in a 2-yrold stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied on 19 Apr with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of Furadan 4 F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 6, 9, 14, 19 and 21 days DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net

scholarly journals Alternative to formaldehyde in artificial diet for sugarcane borer and its effects on the parasitoid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Ivo Eduardo ◽  
Renato Franco Oliveira de Moraes ◽  
Luiz Fernando Veloso Almeida ◽  
Josy Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pupal Mass

The formaldehyde used as anti-contaminant agent in artificial diets of insects can cause serious risks to human health. However, there are products with the same purpose, but with less toxicity to humans. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) fed on an artificial diet containing different anti-infective agents to replace the formaldehyde, as well as analyze the effects on its parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design, studying the anti-contaminant agents: sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, 2-phenylphenol, and formaldehyde (standard diet), with deionized water as control. The larvae of sugarcane borer were fed on diets with the cited agents, and were daily observed for: larval and pupal periods, larval and pupal viabilities, number of unviable larvae, longevity, pupae weight, sex ratio and the adults fecundity. To analyze the effects of the anti-contaminant agents on the C. flavipes parasitoid, 50 larvae of sugarcane borer were parasitized and daily observed until the parasitoid pupae formation, being evaluated: number of adults emerged per pupal mass, longevity and sex ratio. D. saccharalis larvae are positively influenced by replacing formaldehyde to 2-phenylphenol in their diet, not causing significant deleterious effects to C. flavipes.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods to evaluate resistance of lettuce genotypes against Bremia lactucae

2020 ◽  
pp. 1283-1287
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Pires Jacinto ◽  
Aline José da Silveira ◽  
Isadora Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Renata Castoldi ◽  
Carolina Andrade Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formation Of Groups

For the lettuce crop, there is no specific or standard methodology to evaluate genotype resistance of lettuce against downy mildew. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare three methodologies for the identification of resistance to downy mildew. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo Campus between 2017 and 2018. The statistical method used was a completely randomized design with 12 treatments (cultivar Solaris, used as a control; and 11 genotypes of lettuce F5: 6: UFU-Crespa 75 # 2, UFU-Crespa 189 # 2, UFU-Crespa 206 # 1, UFU-Lisa 66 # 3, UFU-Lisa 66 # 7, UFU-Lisa 215 # 3, UFU-Lisa 215 # 6, UFU-Lisa 215 # 10, UFU-Lisa 215 # 12, UFU-Lisa 215 # 13, UFU-Lisa 215 # 14) and four replications. The seeding of genotypes was carried out in transparent boxes and after 15 days the inoculation was performed using a spore suspension (1x104 sporangia/ml) and sterile deionized water for the controls. The disease progression was assessed by three methods: Mesquita, Dickinson & Crute and Horsfall & Barrat. The data were standardized and submitted to the univariate analysis of variance by the F test and multivariate analyzes. The univariate clustering results allowed the separation of the genotypes into two distinct resistance groups for the Dickinson & Crute and Mesquita methods. In the multivariate analysis, more formation of groups among genotypes with different levels of resistance to downy mildew in the Mesquita method was observed. The methodology proposed by Mesquita was more efficient in discriminating genotypes with different levels of resistance to downy mildew, separating them in a larger number of groups.

2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and sucrose in rhizogenesis maintenance and induction in cuttings of cagaita and mangabeira from cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Muza Do Carmo Vieira ◽  
Jaqueline Lima da Conceição Souza ◽  
Gilson Dourado da Silva ◽  
Caio César de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Wellington José Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses

The Cerrado has a vast diversity of fruit plant species. Among them, the cagaita and mangabeira trees stand out because of their fruits nutritional potential. They propagate through seeds, a method that generates genetically distinct plants. Thus, it would be of interest to propagate these plants through vegetative propagation techniques aiming to select superior and identical genotypes from the mother plant. Therefore, the objective was to establish a methodology for maintenance, survival, and rooting induction of Eugenia dysenterica and Hancornia speciosa var. pubescens in nutrient solution with different sucrose concentrations added with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic auxin (2.4-D). In the cagaita and mangabeira tree cuttings, five sucrose concentrations were evaluated: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% for the first; and 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 % for the second species. In addition to these, the control was deionized water. To the sucrose solution was added 190 g L-1 NH4NO3, Ca3ClO, K2SO 4, and 3.00 mg L -1 of 2.4-D. We also performed a second test for cagaita tree, which was evaluated different doses of 2.4-D: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L-1; and control (deionized water). In all experiments, the completely randomized design was used. We collected data on survival, contamination, cuttings with permanent leaves, base oxidation, callus formation, and root starts. In the first cagaita tree experiment, cuttings survival was higher than 80%. In the second trial, the use of 2.4-D did not favor the survival of the cuttings, nor did it promote the formation of root starts. For mangabeira was observed survival values of 100% in all treatments evaluated, and root starts were also found in its herbaceous cuttings.

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