scholarly journals Antagonistic potential and histopathology of Meloidogyne javanica on Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java

2020 ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Angélica Miamoto ◽  
Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado ◽  
Orazília França Dorigo ◽  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Antagonistic Plants ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Nematode Development

Root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites, so changes at their feeding sites can limit their development. Alterations to feeding sites is one of the main actions taken by antagonistic plants. The aim of this study was to assess the response and histopathology of interactions between Meloidogyne javanica and the roots of Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java. The penetration and development of the nematode was assessed from 8 to 30 days after inoculation (DAI) with 3000 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. The reproduction factor (RF) was assessed at 60 DAI, with two inoculation levels, 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, and the changes in the development and histopathology of M. javanica was assessed at 10, 15 and 30 DAI. Suscetible soybean was used as a control. The development of nematodes at the third (J3) and fourth juvenile (J4) stages was delay, despite the presence of J2 inside the roots, and no adult females were found in the M. axillare cv. Java roots. RF was 0.31 and 0.39 for M. axillare cv. Java and 3.40 and 4.52 for soybean at inoculation levels of 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, respectively. The feed cells in M. axillare cv. Java could not effectively nourish the nematode, which led to deformed females 30 DAI. The feed cells and nematode development, however, were normal in soybean. M. axillare cv. Java was resistant to M. javanica and had an antagonistic potential, because it did not prevent the nematode from penetrating the roots but had a negative effect on M. javanica due to the inefficiency of the feeding site.

scholarly journals Penetration and post-infection development of root-knot nematodes in watermelon

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel López-Gómez ◽  
Soledad Verdejo-Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Nematode Development

Meloidogyne javanica has showed less reproductive success than M. incognita in watermelon genotypes. This study was conducted to elucidate the low reproduction of M. javanica in watermelon. The post-infection development of M. javanica in watermelon ‘Sugar Baby’ was determined at progressively higher initial population (Pi) levels at two time points during the life cycle. Plants were inoculated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 second-stage juveniles (J2)/plant. The increase in Pi was correlated with the penetration rates (R2= 0.603, p<0.001) and total numbers of nematodes in the root (R2 =0.963, p< 0.001) but there was no correlation between the Pi and the reproduction factor (eggs/plant/Pi). The population in the roots at 26 days post-inoculation (dpi) consisted primarily of third-stage juveniles (J3) with a small presence of J2 and fourth stages, and egg-laying females. The dominance of the J3, when egg-laying females are expected, point to the malfunction of the feeding sites that failed to support nematode development beyond the J3 stage. The similarities in egg-laying females at 26 and 60 dpi imply the disruption of the life cycle. Watermelon compensated for M. javanica parasitism by increasing vine length (19% to 33%) and dry top weight (40%) in comparison with the non-inoculated plants. The area under the vine length progress curve was significantly larger as the Pi progressively increased (R²=0.417, p<0.001). Physiological variation was detected between the M. incognita populations. M. arenaria had less ability to invade watermelon roots than did M. incognita and M. javanica.

scholarly journals Reaction of common bean genotypes to the reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Gomes da Costa ◽  
Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽  
Roberta Luiza Vidal ◽  
Daniel Dalvan do Nascimento ◽  
Rivanildo Ferreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Assessment Criterion ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may be compromised by a variety of pests and diseases, with root-knot nematodes standing out among the soil-borne pathogens that cause significant losses. It was assessed the reaction of common bean genotypes to the reproduction of these nematodes, with emphasis on the two species most frequently found parasitizing the crop: Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogne incognita. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with 26 treatments (genotypes), ten replications and plot consisting of a pot containing one plant. Each plot was inoculated with 1,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles and assessed at 62 days after the inoculation, when the final populations were estimated. The genotypic resistance was determined based on two criteria: reproduction factor and index. All the genotypes were susceptible to M. incognita according to both assessment criteria. The IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, BRS Esplendor and BRS Esteio cultivars, although may be classified as resistant to M. javanica by the reproduction factor, are classified only as moderately resistant if the assessment criterion is the reproduction index.

scholarly journals Effect of BAU-Biofungicide, Neem Oil and a Nematicide on the Root-Knot (Meloidogyne javanica) of Papaya (Carica papaya)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Pradhan ◽  
MM Rahaman ◽  
SK Paul ◽  
MU Ahamad ◽  
BK Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Nematode Development ◽  
Growth Characters

In a pot experiment, BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) neem oil and  curaterr (carbofuran) 5G were tested against root-knot (Meloidogyne javanica)  of two papaya varieties Kashempuri and Deshi papaya. Seedlings were  inoculated with second stage larvae of M. javanica. Neem oil (5 ml/ 10g seeds)  and BAU-Biofungicide (1:4) were used as seed treatant and curaterr as side  dressing. Both the bio-agents significantly increased the root and shoot growth  of papaya plant and reduction of galls and eggmasses and suppressed the  development of J2, J3, and J4 and adult females of M. javanica. Efficacy of  BAU-Biofungicide was to reduce the gall and nematode development and to  increase plant growth was similar to nematicide curaterr. BAU-Biofungicide  gave higher effect in most of the growth characters compared to neem oil and  prevented the development of adult females and juveniles like nematicide  curaterr. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11230 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 271-277, June 2012

The nematicidal effects of the bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Xenorhabdus nematophilus on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Samaliev ◽  
Fotini Andreoglou ◽  
Sami Elawad ◽  
Nigel Hague ◽  
Simon Gowen
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Nematode Development

Abstract In two laboratory experiments and one pot experiment the influence of the bacterial symbionts Pseudomonas oryzihabitans from Steinernema abbasi and Xenorhabdus nematophilus from S. carpocapsae on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated. Exposure of egg masses of M. javanica to the bacteria and their metabolites resulted in reduced hatching of second stage juveniles (J2). J2 in contact with the bacteria and their metabolites exhibited disorientation and convulsive movements, but when they were washed and placed in fresh water, many regained normal movement. At dosages of 106 and 107 cells ml-1 mortality was 100% after 24 h exposure, Xenorhabdus being more toxic than Pseudomonas. In soil X. nematophilus was ineffective but P.oryzihabitans prevented invasion of J2 into tomato roots and there was evidence that the bacterium or its metabolites interfered with nematode development in galls. Overall, the results indicate that P.oryzihabitans may provide a possible control strategy for root-knot nematodes. Action nématicide des bactéries Pseudomonas oryzihabitans et Xenorhabdus nematophilus sur le nématode Meloidogyne javanica - Les présentes recherches, au travers de deux expériences au laboratoire et d'une troisième en pots, ont concerné l'influence sur le nématode Meloidogyne javanica des symbiontes bactériens Pseudomonas oryzihinabitans, provenant de Steinernema abbasi, et Xenorhabdus nematophilus, de S. carpocapsae. L'exposition de masses d'œufs de M. javanica aux bactéries et à leurs métabolites a provoqué une diminution de l'éclosion des juvéniles de deuxième stade (J2). Les J2 en contact avec les bactéries et leurs métabolites se sont montrés désorientés et sujets à des mouvements convulsifs mais, après qu'ils aient été lavés et placés dans une eau pure, bon nombre d'entre eux ont recouvré des mouvements normaux. Aux doses de 106 et 107 cellules/ml-1 la mortalité était de 100% après une exposition de 24 h, Xenorhabdus s'étant révélé plus toxique que Pseudomonas . Dans le sol, Xenorhabdus s'est montré inefficace tandis que Pseudomonas empêchait la pénétration des J2 dans les racines de tomate; de plus, il semblerait évident que les bactéries ou leurs métabolites aient une influence sur le développement des nématodes dans les galles. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats indiquent que P.oryzihinabitans peut fournir une éventuelle stratégie de contrôle envers les Meloidogyne.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effects of Java against Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Angelica Miamoto ◽  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Antagonistic Plants ◽  
Nematode Penetration ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Plant Parasitic

One of the main phytonematode control alternatives is the use of antagonistic plants in crop rotation or succession systems. Although java legume shows antagonist potential to control Meloidogyne javanica, its reaction to other nematodes was not investigated so far. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the penetration and reproduction factor (RF) of M. incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Pratylenchus brachyurus in java, using soybean as control. Plants individually inoculated with 1000 specimens from each nematode were assessed 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI) for nematode penetration and development. The RF was assessed under two inoculum levels of each nematode (1000 and 700 specimens) 60 days after inoculation, for M. incognita and R. reniformis; and 80 days after inoculation, for P. brachyurus. Meloidogyne incognita and R. reniformis showed lower penetration and reproduction in java (RF < 1), whereas P. brachyurus showed higher penetration and RF > 1. Thus, the java legume can be considered resistant to M. incognita and R. reniformis, as well as susceptible to P. brachyurus.

scholarly journals REACTION OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES TO PARASITISM OF Meloidogyne javanica AND Pratylenchus zeae

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO BELLÉ ◽  
STELA MARIS KULCZYNSKI ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO KUHN ◽  
LORENA PASTORINI DONINI ◽  
CESAR BAUER GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Clustering Test ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of sugarcane genotypes to Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus zeae. Sugarcane seedlings of the genotypes RB985944, RB987932, RB877935, RB855156, RB935744, RB996961, RB925345, RB935581 and RB966928 obtained from tissue cultures and maintained in pots with sterilized soil in a greenhouse were inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second- stage juveniles of M. javanica or 1,600 of P. zeae per plant, using six replicates per treatment. Tomato (Rutgers) and sorghum (BRS506) plants were used as control and proof of viability of the inoculum for the M. javanica and P. zeae, respectively. The number of root-knot in the plants inoculated with M. javanica, final nematode population and reproduction factor (RF) of both nematodes were evaluated at 120 days after inoculation. The averages of the different variables were compared by the Scott-Knott's clustering test at 5%. The nematodes M. javanica and P. zeae showed RF>1.00 in all sugarcane genotypes assessed, however, different levels of susceptibility were found. The lowest reproduction of the nematodes was found in the genotypes RB008347, RB877935, RB975944 and RB987932 (M. javanica) and RB987932 and RB966928 (P. zeae).

scholarly journals Meloidogyne javanica parasitism and its impacts on the vegetative parameters, physicochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of beet

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of infestation by Meloidogyne javanica on the vegetative development, nutritional characteristics, and antioxidant potential of beet (Beta vulgaris). Inoculation in beet seedlings was performed with 0, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 eggs and with possible second-stage juveniles (J2) of nematodes. Plants were collected 60 days after inoculation for the evaluation of the nematological and vegetative parameters, the physicochemical composition, and the content and activity of antioxidant compounds. The population levels of M. javanica reduced the mass and diameter of the tuber, comparing inoculum levels of 0 and 10,000 eggs + J2 of nematodes. There was a significant difference for the number of galls and nematodes per root system, with a proportional increase of population density according to the inoculation level. The reproduction factor in all infected treatments was above 1. Although the infection by M. javanica reduced the plant protein content, other compounds, such as betalains, sugars, and phenolics, were not affected. The inoculation by M. javanica negatively affects tuber development, but does not alter the antioxidant potential of beet.

scholarly journals Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriely Alves de Almeida ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽  
Débora Cristina Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.

How do nematodes get their sweets? Solute supply to sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hofmann ◽  
Florian Grundler
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Inorganic Solutes ◽  
Nematode Development

AbstractSedentary cyst and root-knot nematodes withdraw large amounts of solutes from feeding structures induced in host roots. The feeding structures are specialised cells with a high metabolic activity and a tremendous capacity in translocation of nutrients. The required nutrients are provided by the plant transport systems – water and inorganic solutes from the xylem, assimilates such as sugars and amino acids from the phloem. Here we discuss the available data on the mechanisms by which nutrients are translocated into the nematode feeding sites. The interaction between Heterodera schachtii and Arabidopsis thaliana serves as a model system for cyst nematodes. In this case sufficient data are available to propose a conclusive concept for the mechanisms of nutrient flow: basically, in the early stages of nematode development syncytia are symplasmically isolated, so that transport proteins are responsible for the nutrient supply. Later, connections to the phloem via plasmodesmata are established, so that developing females are well supplied with assimilates. The interactions of root-knot nematodes with their hosts share a number of similarities but the data currently available are not sufficient to draw similar conclusions. As nutrient supply and functionality of feeding structures are the basis of biotrophic parasitism of sedentary nematodes, it is tempting to unravel the mechanisms by which both plant and nematodes influence each other via nutrient fluxes.

Ownership Structure and Dividend Policy in Listed Industrial and Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria: Heckman’s Two-Stage Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-308
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Block Holders

The decision on the magnitude of dividend has been identified to be highly related to the decisions to pay or not to pay dividends in formulating dividend policy. However, literature seems to be homogeneous and focused on examining the effect of ownership structure on dividend level or probability of paying dividends. Therefore, the paper examines the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy using Heckman’s two-stage technique. Utilizing 304 firm-year observations from industrial and consumer goods firms listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period within 2009-2019, the result shows that in the first stage, only foreign ownership has a negative significant effect on the probability of paying dividends. However, after accounting for a possible correlation between the probability of paying dividends and dividend pay-out, the result on the second stage exhibits a significant negative effect with block-holders and foreign ownerships on dividend policy while institutional ownership reveals a positive significant effect. The overall results show that the lower the foreign ownership the higher the possibility of paying dividends. Also, higher dividend pay-out is associated with the lower level of block-holders and foreign ownerships coupled with higher institutional ownership in listed industrial and consumer goods firms in Nigeria.

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