Meloidogyne javanica parasitism and its impacts on the vegetative parameters, physicochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of beet

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of infestation by Meloidogyne javanica on the vegetative development, nutritional characteristics, and antioxidant potential of beet (Beta vulgaris). Inoculation in beet seedlings was performed with 0, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 eggs and with possible second-stage juveniles (J2) of nematodes. Plants were collected 60 days after inoculation for the evaluation of the nematological and vegetative parameters, the physicochemical composition, and the content and activity of antioxidant compounds. The population levels of M. javanica reduced the mass and diameter of the tuber, comparing inoculum levels of 0 and 10,000 eggs + J2 of nematodes. There was a significant difference for the number of galls and nematodes per root system, with a proportional increase of population density according to the inoculation level. The reproduction factor in all infected treatments was above 1. Although the infection by M. javanica reduced the plant protein content, other compounds, such as betalains, sugars, and phenolics, were not affected. The inoculation by M. javanica negatively affects tuber development, but does not alter the antioxidant potential of beet.

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Yield and quality of curly kale grown using organic fertilizers

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 112-121

Author(s):

Marta R Verruma-Bernardi ◽

Daniella M Pimenta ◽

Gabriel RR Levrero ◽

Victor A Forti ◽

Simone DS de Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Yield ◽

Physicochemical Composition ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Microbiological Analyses

ABSTRACT Kale is a vegetable that has high nutrition content, and balanced fertilization is essential to ensure high yield and quality of agricultural products. Curly kale, less known than regular leaf kale, is a new possibility for consumption. However, little is known about the influence of the type of fertilization on nutritional characteristics. This study aims to evaluate the influence of using organic fertilizers on the productivity, microbiological, and physico-chemical characteristics of Darkibor hybrid curly kale. The treatments consisted of three sources of organic fertilizers, one of organomineral fertilizer, and the control (without fertilization). The highest productivity was observed for kale that was treated with fertilizer in the organomineral composition in all harvests. For microbiological analyses, there was no contamination in all treatments, following legislation. There was no significant difference between treatments for the physicochemical composition, highlighting the high levels of phenolic compounds and proteins in curly kale. There was no difference between treatments regarding the mineral content of the leaves. Organic and organomineral fertilizers made it possible to produce curly kale with adequate physicochemical composition, free from microbiological contamination and heavy metals.

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Antagonistic potential and histopathology of Meloidogyne javanica on Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2153 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 940-946

Author(s):

Angélica Miamoto ◽

Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado ◽

Orazília França Dorigo ◽

Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽

Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Feeding Site ◽

Feeding Sites ◽

Second Stage ◽

Obligate Parasites ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Antagonistic Potential ◽

Antagonistic Plants ◽

Reproduction Factor ◽

Nematode Development

Root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites, so changes at their feeding sites can limit their development. Alterations to feeding sites is one of the main actions taken by antagonistic plants. The aim of this study was to assess the response and histopathology of interactions between Meloidogyne javanica and the roots of Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java. The penetration and development of the nematode was assessed from 8 to 30 days after inoculation (DAI) with 3000 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. The reproduction factor (RF) was assessed at 60 DAI, with two inoculation levels, 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, and the changes in the development and histopathology of M. javanica was assessed at 10, 15 and 30 DAI. Suscetible soybean was used as a control. The development of nematodes at the third (J3) and fourth juvenile (J4) stages was delay, despite the presence of J2 inside the roots, and no adult females were found in the M. axillare cv. Java roots. RF was 0.31 and 0.39 for M. axillare cv. Java and 3.40 and 4.52 for soybean at inoculation levels of 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, respectively. The feed cells in M. axillare cv. Java could not effectively nourish the nematode, which led to deformed females 30 DAI. The feed cells and nematode development, however, were normal in soybean. M. axillare cv. Java was resistant to M. javanica and had an antagonistic potential, because it did not prevent the nematode from penetrating the roots but had a negative effect on M. javanica due to the inefficiency of the feeding site.

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Antioxidant potential of Psidium guinnensis Sw. jam during storage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/s1983-40632012000100013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 90-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Clarissa Damiani ◽

Flávio Alves da Silva ◽

Eduardo Ramirez Asquieri ◽

Moacir Evandro Lage ◽

Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Brazilian Legislation ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

One Year ◽

And Behavior ◽

Physical And Chemical

The araçá (Brazilian guava) jam is a promising alternative for expanding the consumption of this fruit, besides adding value to it and making the Brazilian Savannah fruits known. Therefore, this research aimed to study the physical and chemical characteristics of the araçá jam, as well as to evaluate the presence and behavior of antioxidant compounds and color, during 12 months of storage. The results obtained for centesimal composition, sugars, fibers, pectin, and consistency showed that the use of araçá was suitable for the jam production, and that the product remained within the standards established by the Brazilian legislation. The total acidity, phenolic compounds, color parameters, and organic acids contents decreased during storage, while the pH and antioxidant potential increased, during one year of storage. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the araçá jam is a product with good nutritional characteristics, presenting good levels of antioxidant compounds, during storage, and meeting the demands of the modern consumer, i.e. practicality and healthiness.

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Reaction of common bean genotypes to the reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632019v4954008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

João Pedro Gomes da Costa ◽

Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽

Roberta Luiza Vidal ◽

Daniel Dalvan do Nascimento ◽

Rivanildo Ferreira Junior

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Assessment Criterion ◽

Genotypic Resistance ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Second Stage ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may be compromised by a variety of pests and diseases, with root-knot nematodes standing out among the soil-borne pathogens that cause significant losses. It was assessed the reaction of common bean genotypes to the reproduction of these nematodes, with emphasis on the two species most frequently found parasitizing the crop: Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogne incognita. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with 26 treatments (genotypes), ten replications and plot consisting of a pot containing one plant. Each plot was inoculated with 1,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles and assessed at 62 days after the inoculation, when the final populations were estimated. The genotypic resistance was determined based on two criteria: reproduction factor and index. All the genotypes were susceptible to M. incognita according to both assessment criteria. The IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, BRS Esplendor and BRS Esteio cultivars, although may be classified as resistant to M. javanica by the reproduction factor, are classified only as moderately resistant if the assessment criterion is the reproduction index.

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REACTION OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES TO PARASITISM OF Meloidogyne javanica AND Pratylenchus zeae

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n229rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 530-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CRISTIANO BELLÉ ◽

STELA MARIS KULCZYNSKI ◽

PAULO ROBERTO KUHN ◽

LORENA PASTORINI DONINI ◽

CESAR BAUER GOMES

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Second Stage ◽

Clustering Test ◽

Pratylenchus Zeae ◽

Different Levels ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of sugarcane genotypes to Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus zeae. Sugarcane seedlings of the genotypes RB985944, RB987932, RB877935, RB855156, RB935744, RB996961, RB925345, RB935581 and RB966928 obtained from tissue cultures and maintained in pots with sterilized soil in a greenhouse were inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second- stage juveniles of M. javanica or 1,600 of P. zeae per plant, using six replicates per treatment. Tomato (Rutgers) and sorghum (BRS506) plants were used as control and proof of viability of the inoculum for the M. javanica and P. zeae, respectively. The number of root-knot in the plants inoculated with M. javanica, final nematode population and reproduction factor (RF) of both nematodes were evaluated at 120 days after inoculation. The averages of the different variables were compared by the Scott-Knott's clustering test at 5%. The nematodes M. javanica and P. zeae showed RF>1.00 in all sugarcane genotypes assessed, however, different levels of susceptibility were found. The lowest reproduction of the nematodes was found in the genotypes RB008347, RB877935, RB975944 and RB987932 (M. javanica) and RB987932 and RB966928 (P. zeae).

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Self-reported morbidities, nutritional characteristics, and associated factors in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02067-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdelhafid Benksim ◽

Rachid Ait Addi ◽

Elhassania Khalloufi ◽

Aziz Habibi ◽

Mohamed Cherkaoui

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

Public Institution ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Characteristics

Abstract Background As the world’s population ages and people live longer, it seems important to ensure that older people have a good quality of life and positive subjective well-being. The objective of this study is to determine socio-economic, health and nutritional characteristics of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders in the province of Marrakech. Methods This study was conducted among 368 older adults in the province of Marrakech between March 2017 and June 2019. Of all participants, 180 older adults reside in a public institution and 188 of them live in their own homes. Data on health conditions, nutritional status, functional and socio-economic characteristics were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 16.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Institutionalized elders were illiterate (80.0%), had low incomes (95.5%), and unmarried (73.3%), they reported also no children (56.1%) and no health insurance (98.9%). Institutional residents suffered from malnutrition (22.2%), hearing impairments (35.6%) and severe edentulism (43.3%). There was no significant difference between both groups on daily activities and depression. A multivariate analysis identified a model with three significant variables associated with non-institutionalized elders: health insurance (P = 0.001; OR = 107.49), number of children (P = 0.001; OR = 1.74) and nutritional status (p = 0.001; OR = 3.853). Conclusions This study shows that the institutionalization of older adults is considerably induced by various factors such as nutritional problems, lack of health insurance and family structure. To mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, home care strategies and preventive actions should be implemented to delay the institutionalization of older adults and therefore keep them socially active in their own homes.

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Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p2995 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 2995 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriely Alves de Almeida ◽

Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽

Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽

Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽

Débora Cristina Santiago

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Juvenile Mortality ◽

Second Stage ◽

Final Population ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.

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The effect of organic compost of Caryocar brasiliense waste against Meloidogyne javanica in two vegetable crops

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Fabíola de J. Silva ◽

Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽

Adelica A. Xavier ◽

Vanessa A. Gomes ◽

Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Control ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Control Measures ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Second Stage ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Crop Development ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense ◽

Organic Compost

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.

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The effect of chia (Salvia hispanic L.) flour as a substitute for fat in gluten-free bread

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-08-2018-0240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 517-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katira da Mota Huerta ◽

Caroline Pagnossim Boeira ◽

Marcela Bromberger Soquetta ◽

Jamila dos Santos Alves ◽

Ernesto Hashime Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Sensorial Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Sensorial Analyses

Purpose The preparation of gluten-free bread is a challenge because the gluten in wheat is the main ingredient responsible for the retention of the gases which cause the bread to rise. This paper aims to develop breads without gluten and fat, and to evaluate the effect of the use of chia (Salvia hispanic L.) flour on the physical, nutritional and sensory properties of the breads that were developed. Design/methodology/approach Three formulations were developed with different proportions of chia flour (2.5, 5 and 7.5%), fat-free. Physiochemical, sensorial analyses were performed out in three repetitions (p-value = 0.05). Findings In the nutritional assessment, the results demonstrated that 7.5% chia showed higher levels of protein (15.1%), lipid (3.43%), total fiber (7.04%) and lower levels of carbohydrates (22.49%), with significant nutrient enrichment (p-value = 0.05). The specific volume and the elevation of the dough decreased with the addition of chia flour. In the sensorial analysis, the treatments with chia flour showed no significant difference regarding flavor and texture when compared to the standard. The addition of chia improved the nutritional and sensory properties (p-value = 0.05). Originality/value The chia flour improved the nutritional characteristics of the breads, in the reduction of carbohydrate content and the increase in the content of protein, minerals and fiber. It presented good acceptability and good nutritional characteristics, providing a healthy and differentiated variation in this segment.

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Desamerization of Bitter Jam: Biochemical and Sensory Quality

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/8178059 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Samira Lagha-Benamrouche ◽

Terkia Benaissa ◽

Rezki Sadoudi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Sensory Analysis ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Bitter Orange ◽

Sensorial Quality

This work consists of studying the influence of the desamerization of the mesocarpe on the chemical composition and the sensorial quality of the jam, based on the bitter orange. The results of the various analysis show that desamerization decreases acidity, sugars, protein, and bioactive compound levels (carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C), but desamerized jams still remain an important source of antioxidant compounds with antioxidant potential in the diet. Concerning the sensory analysis of the jams, the results show that the jam desamerized with water presents the same bitterness as the bitter jam and that the salt significantly reduces the bitterness of the jams.

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