scholarly journals A new multiple purposes variety of industrial hemp ‘Artemida’ with a high oil content and fiber quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
H. I. Kyrychenko ◽  
I. M. Laiko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Cannabinoid Compounds ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Purpose. Creation of industrial hemp variety of multiple purposes with the absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content in seeds and fiber quality. Methods. Bree­ding (self-pollination, varietal-linear hybridization in the conditions of a vegetation house, selection), field, laboratory, instrumental-technological assessment of fiber quality, mathematical statistics. Results. The ‘Artemida’ variety was created as a result of hybridization of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety with the self-pollinated line of the sixth generation of the ‘Zolotoniski 15’ variety and selection for stabilization of high productivity traits and improvement of quality trait of hemp production. The variety belongs to the medium-ripe group; the growing season is 94 days before the phase of technological maturity and 118 days before the phase of biological maturity. When grown for fiber, the variety had a higher fiber yield (2.56 t/ha), the yield of all fiber (30.4% and including long fiber 27.6%). When grown for fiber and seeds, the plant is significantly inferior in height, which is positive for harves­ting seeds with a combine harvester, has a significantly higher seed yield (1.29 t/ha), oil content (36.8%) and fiber yield (2.01 t/ha) in comparison with the standard of the varie­ty ‘Hliana’. The analysis of the correspondence between the empirical and theoretical distribution of such a trait as the oil content in the seeds of elite plants of the ‘Artemida’ variety indicates its high stability. A notable feature of the variety is the formation of friendly seedlings and intensive plant growth at the beginning of the growing season, which helps to reduce the weediness of crops.  Conclusions. The new variety of hemp ‘Artemida’ of multiple purposes belongs to the Central European ecological and geographical type, although created as a result of varietal-linear hybridization of different types with selection on the basis of productivity, is characte­rized by complete absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content and fiber quality. The variety is recommended for growing for fiber and seeds. Due to its high yield potential, it is competitive in the industrial hemp market.

scholarly journals Growth of and partitioning between shoot and storage root of carrot in a northern climate

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SUOJALA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Northern Climate

Matching the growth pattern of a vegetable cultivar with the seasonal changes in climate is a prerequisite for successful yield production in a northern climate. This paper describes the growth characteristics of two carrot cultivars in relation to climatic conditions in two years, with special reference to the factors associated with high yield. Cv. Fontana produced twice as large a leaf area and shoot weight as cv. Panther. Increased partitioning to shoot in the former cultivar also resulted in a higher root yield. Uniformity in relative growth rates during the period of analysis suggests that intervarietal differences in the shoot to root ratio and in the yield potential appear very early. Nearly half of the root weight at final harvest was gained after mid-August, when temperature and daily irradiance began to decrease. A large leaf area may ensure better utilisation of diminishing growth resources at the end of the growing season. In the more favourable growing season, 1997, plants invested more in leaf production than they did in 1996: shoot fresh and dry weights were considerably higher but leaf area was not much higher.;

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Marcin Studnicki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Important Region

SummaryTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.

scholarly journals Genetic Improvement of Jatropha for Biodiesel Production

Ceiba ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
Adilson Kenji Kobayashi ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Leonardo Lopes Bhering
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Oilseed Crop

Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial oilseed crop belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, whose oil content in seeds varies from 33 to 38%, giving a yield potential of over 1200 kg of oil per hectare. However, it is a non-domesticated species and research is required for commercial exploration of this species for biodiesel production. The strategies of Embrapa’s jatropha breeding program aim at developing cultivars with high yield and oil content, non-toxic (absence of phorbol esters), resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses and adapted to the main producing regions of Brazil. The program activities started with the enrichment and characterization of the germplasm bank, currently with over 200 accessions from different regions of Brazil. Depending on the specific objectives of the program, different selection and breeding methods are employed. In order to understand the genetic control of specific traits and to generate segregating populations, experimental designs such as diallel crosses, which allow the estimation of heterosis, general combining ability and specific combining ability among genotypes, have been adopted. In addition, molecular markers such as SSR and SNPs are being developed and may help in early selection for characters such as the absence of toxicity in the grains. The program also includes the study on genotype × environment interaction with the evaluation of the progenies/improved clones in different regions of Brazil, which is essential for recommending cultivars for specific or broad climatic conditions. In conclusion, considering that J. curcas is a perennial species and still not domesticated, approximately 5-7 years will be required to obtain improved cultivars and evidence-based information on crop production systems to support commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals PKB Zmaj: A new variety of winter rye created at PKB Agroekonomik institute

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Nenad Đurić ◽  
Dobrivoj Poštić ◽  
Vojin Cvijanović ◽  
Gordana Branković ◽  
Vera Đekić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
New Variety ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Adaptation ◽  
High Yield Potential

For the last twenty years, in addition to breeding wheat, PKB Agroekonomik Institute has been working very intensively on breeding other real or bread grains. High-yielding, late winter rye variety PKB Zmaj has been obtained by the pedigree method by a simple crossing of genetically different parents from the collection of PKB Agroekonomik Institute: variety Rtanj and line PKB-R-105. This variety of winter rye combines genes responsible for very high yield potential, resistance to lodging, low temperatures and more significant diseases in the rye. Winter rye variety PKB Zmaj was registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2018. With the use of optimal agricultural techniques, the variety PKB Zmaj has a high genetic potential for fertility and high adaptation to different climatic and soil conditions.

scholarly journals Agronomic Responses of Soybean Genotypes to Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
Snežana Đorđević ◽  
Zorica Bijelić ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Vlada Pantelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Favorable Weather

The main nitrogen (N) sources in soybean production originate from soil fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. and from mineralization of soil organic N. These sources of N are often not sufficient to cover the N needs of the soybean. The present two-year field study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean genotypes (Valjevka and Galina) and rates of starter fertilizer N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1) on quantitative and qualitative parameters and on rain use efficiency (RUE) under contrasting weather conditions in the Pannonian region of Serbia. A field study conducted during two different growing seasons: first year with unfavorable weather conditions and second year with favorable weather conditions. As expected, the quantitative parameters, oil content, and RUE were higher in the year with favorable growing season, the second one. According to measured parameters, the genotype Valjevka performed higher yield potential as compared to the genotype Galina. The highest values of quantitative parameters and RUE were recorded at 60 kg N ha−1, protein content at 90 kg N ha−1 and oil content 0 kg N ha−1 (control). This study suggests that proper genotype selection and application of 60 kg N ha−1 as a starter dose with rhizobial inoculation could contribute to the high yield, while protein could be altered by N amount, independently on genotype.

scholarly journals Performance of Rice Tungro Resistant Promising Line in Endemic Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ahmad - Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Promising Line

Tungro disease is one of the important diseases of rice because it has a high potential for causing damage. The use of varieties resistant to the tungro disease effectively prevent an explosion tungro disease. Testing of promising lines resistant to the tungro at several locations is a stage in the breeding program before a line is released as a new variety that has resistance to tungro disease, as well as having the potential for high yields and good adaptation at several locations. Six of tungro resistant promising line (OBSTG02-137, OBSTG02-124, OBSTG02154, OBSTG02-130, OBSTG02-56, dan OBSTG02-37) and four check varieties (Inpari 9 Elo, Tukad Unda, Ciherang, and IR64) were evaluated for their yield potential and adaptability at 16 locations in tungro endemic area during the dry season of 2011-2013. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Each line were transplanted in 4 m x 5 m plot size with plant spacing 25 cm x 25 cm. Observation were made on yield, 50% flowering date, plant heights, panicle number per hill, number filled and unfilled spikelets per panicle, and weigh of 1000 grains in gram. The results showed that effect of genotype x location interaction was significantly different for all component observed. Based on the performance of grain yield and yield components obtained, four lines i.e. OBSTG02-137 (6.74 t/ha), OBSTG02-124 (6.20 t/ha), OBSTG02-154 (6.37 t/ha ), and OBSTG02-130 (5,92 t/ha) has a high yield with the support of filled grain number and weight of 1000 seeds is high. Based on the combined value of bi and the general average of yield, then line OBSTG02-137, OBSTG02-154, and OBSTG02-130 were suitable to adapt to all environments, OBSTG02-124 is adapted in an optimal environment, OBSTG02-56 and OBSTG02-37 were adapted to the less productive environment.

scholarly journals Increase of oil content as an urgent task for hemp breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
V. H. Vyrovets ◽  
I. M. Layko ◽  
H. I. Kyrychenko ◽  
I. V. Vereshchahin ◽  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Systematic Selection ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. An unusually long stay in the shade outside the breeding was such an important economic feature as the content of oil in the hemp seed. Preliminary data attempts to start a study in this direction, under various circumstances, were postponed for some time until the healing properties of the oil were discovered, hidden in the hemp seed. Methods. The third attempt of such researches is based on new high-fibered and high-yield varieties stable on the sign of monoeciousness non-narcotic hemp, the method of research of which is based on traditional breeding developments. Also, on examples of local varieties of ranges of folk selection, samples of world selection of dioecious and monoecious hemp and breeding new varieties, it was established that this feature is subject to systematic selection against the background of improving other varietal features. Results. On the example of restoring breeding to preserve the content of oil, a new population with a high oil content was created, which became the result of changes in the genotype of the Hliana variety by selection. Glutinous oil is characterized by a good ratio of unsaturated linoleic and linolenic acids as 3:1, which opens the prospects for the creation of new medicines. Conclusions. The conducted researches give rise to the hope that, over time, hemp will be added to many traits, and the new varieties will be different by high oil content also. Keywords: monoecious drug-free industrial hemp, breeding, oil content, fatty acid composition.

Crop production in the high rainfall zones of southern Australia — potential, constraints and opportunities

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
M. L. Poole ◽  
N. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Large Yield

Annual cropping has been expanding in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia. The higher rainfall and longer growing season compared with the traditional wheatbelt contribute to a much higher yield potential for major crops. Potential yields range from 5 to 8 t/ha for wheat and 3 to 5 t/ha for canola, although current crop yields are only about 50% of those potentials. The large yield gap between current and potential yields suggests that there is an opportunity to lift current yields. Both genetic constraints and subsoil constraints such as waterlogging, soil acidity, sodicity, and high soil strength contribute to the low yields. Waterlogging is a widespread hidden constraint to crop production in the region. Controlling waterlogging using a combination of raised beds and surface or subsurface drains is the first step to raise the productivity of the land. Increasing root growth into the subsoil remains a key to accessing more water and nutrients for high yield through early planting, deep ripping, liming and use of primer crops to ameliorate the subsoil. In order to realise the high yield potential, it is essential to achieve higher optimum dry matter at anthesis and high ear number through agronomic management, including early sowing with appropriate cultivars, a high seeding rate and application of adequate nitrogen along with other nutrients. Current cultivars of spring wheat may not fully utilise the available growing season and may have genetic limitations in sink capacity that constrain potential yield. Breeding or identification of long-season milling wheat cultivars that can fully utilise the longer growing season and with the ability to tolerate waterlogging and subsoil acidity, and with disease resistance, will give additional benefits. It is concluded that improving crop production in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia will require attention to overcoming soil constraints, particularly waterlogging, and the development of longer-season cultivars.

scholarly journals The New Competitive Soybean Varieties Created at Agricultural Research and

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen MUREȘANU ◽  
Raluca MÄ‚RGINEAN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Selection Of

The superiority of the next-generation of soybean varieties regarding the majority of the main characteristics among the old soybean varieties created at A.R.D.S. Turda, Romanian soybean varieties from the Official Catalogue of varieties of Agricultural and Vegetables species in Romania and even from the foreign soybean varieties registered in the Catalogue it is obvious. The new soybean varieties Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD are the most recent creations of Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda in the field of soybean breeding. The new cultivars were obtained through individually repeted selection of hybrid population accomplished by crossing the cultivars T93- 8966 x Amurskaja, Zefir x Lena and Amurskaja x Simson. The new varieties are characterized by a growing season adequate to the ecological conditions of the area. Their growing season rank is appropriate with the needs of the area, with a maturity group OO, Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD growing season is 122 days, 124 days and 123 days, respectively. Darina TD has a reddish pubescence easily distinguieshed from the eather soybean varieties whose pubescence is grey. At Cristina TD soybean variety the hilum colour is an important characteristic by which, at maturity, the Cristina TD variety may be distinguished from the rest of A.R.D.S. Turda soybean varieties whose hilum are brown, black and grey. Due to the white colour of flowers, during flowering Malina TD is easily distinguished from the others soybean varietie. A high yield potential as compared to the maturity group to which they belong, very high resistance to lodging, shattering, bacterial blight and mildew. This characteristics and features corroborated with high insertion of the basal pods, ensures suitable conditions for mechanized harvesting. Besides this features, the new soybean varieties have remarkable qualitative traits, high protein and oil content. The characteristics and features of the soybean cultivars Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD created at A..R..D.S. Turda recommend them as the most adequate cultivars for the Transylvania Plain.

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