scholarly journals Dietary Supplementary of Modified Si-jun-zi Granule Promotes Intestinal Development and Enhances Mucosal Immunity of Weaned Rex Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Chen ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Dongbo Li ◽  
Haibo Dou ◽  
Quanjin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Junction Protein

Abstract Background: Early-weaned in Rex rabbits and other animals is associated with the development and immunity of intestine. This article was aimed to investigate the potential benefits of a dietary supplementation, modified Si-jun-zi granule (M-SJZG), on enhancing immunity of small intestinal mucosa and promoting intestinal development of weaned Rex rabbits. Results: In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 2% modified Si-jun-zi granule decreased the diarrhea frequency and mortality due to early-weaned, and significantly increased the average daily gain; the length and relative weight of intestine; the concentration of immunoglobulin in serum and SIgA in intestinal mucus. Additionally, the activity of lipase was raised by dietary Si-jun-zi granule addition. However the activities of ALT, ALP and AST in serum were obviously decreased. Compared with the un-supplementation control group, the ratio of villi length to crypt depth and the expression of tight junction protein(zonula occludens-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin) and Glucose transporter (re-combinant Sodium/Glucose co-transporter 1 and recombinant Glucose transporter 2) in jejunum were raised. In addition, Moreover early development of intestine and the injury of intestinal mucosa induced by early-weaning also could be improved.Conclusions: This study indicated that modified Si-jun-zi granule has protective effects on diarrhea induced by early-weaning through enhancing immunity of small intestine mucosa and promoting intestinal development.

Effect of grapeseed procyanidins on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Huishi Yan ◽  
Wenwei Gao ◽  
Qinghong Li ◽  
Hongquan Li ◽  
Ruirong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Small Intestinal

Context Grapeseed procyanidins (GSP) are widely recognised to have potential biological properties, and dietary supplementation with GSP could reduce diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets. Aims This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of GSP on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets. Methods Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four dietary groups with three replicate pens per group and six piglets per pen. Each group received one of the following diets: a basal maize–soybean meal diet; or basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 or 150 mg GSP/kg. Small intestinal mucosa morphology and the expression of genes involved in improving small intestinal development were determined. Key results Morphological observations obtained by optical microscopy showed that the villus height of the duodenum and ileum increased in all groups receiving GSP, significantly (P < 0.05) so in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg compared with the control group. Crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg GSP/kg decreased compared with the control group. Similarly, the crypt depth of the jejunum in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered. Moreover, the villus height/crypt depth ratio of each small intestinal segment in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg increased significantly (P < 0.01). Morphological observations obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicated that dietary supplementation with GSP was favourable for growth of small intestinal villi. Specifically, the villi of the small intestine in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg were most closely aligned, most uniform in size and clearest in structure. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with GSP increased the expression of genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor in the duodenum, the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg showing a significant (P < 0.05) increase. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with GSP could improve small intestinal mucosa morphology and promote small intestinal development. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg GSP/kg could be recommended for weaned piglets. Implications Dietary supplementation with GSP generated a beneficial role in small intestinal health in weaned piglets.

THE HANDLING OF SOYA ALPHA-GALACTOSIDES BY A NORMAL AND A GALACTOSEMIC CHILD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Richard Gitzelmann ◽  
Salvatore Auricchio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Healthy Child ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase

1. No alpha-galactosidase activity in homogenates of human small intestinal mucosa was demonstrated either with stachyose, raffinose, or melibiose. 2. In a healthy child, oral raffinose and melibiose loads failed to produce changes in blood glucose, blood galactose, or red cell galactose-1-phosphate. Trace amounts of either saccharide were excreted in the urine. Following the raffinose load, diarrhea occurred and raffinose and melibiose as well as their hydrolysis products were found in the feces. 3. In a galactosemic patient, red cell galactose-1-phosphate rose as expected after ingestion of 2 gm of galactose. No such rise was seen after administration of equivalent and of double equivalent amounts of stachyose. Prolonged dietary supplementation with raffinose did not significantly alter non-fasting erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate. 4. It is concluded that soybean formulas are generally safe for galactosemic infants; however, caution is advised for patients suffering from diarrhea.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR pathway in weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchun Wang ◽  
Shuting Cao ◽  
Zhuojun Shen ◽  
Qihua Hong ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions

Abstract Background The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Seventy-two pigs were divided into two treatments and received either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg tributyrin. Each treatment has six replicates of six pigs. After 14 days, 6 pigs from each treatment were selected and the jejunal samples were collected. Results Results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) villus height and villus height: crypt depth of weaned pigs. Pigs fed tributyrin had greater (P < 0.05) RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios than pigs on the control group. The mRNA levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1 and glucose transporter-2 in the jejunum were upregulated (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the tributyrin diet. Dietary tributyrin supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in jejunum, enhanced (P < 0.05) the mitochondrial function, as demonstrated by decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species level and increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial functions, including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor-1 in the jejunum. Supplementation with tributyrin elevated (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of AMPK and inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of mTOR in jejunum compared with the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with tributyrin promotes intestinal mucosa growth, extenuates oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function and modulates the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals P0985EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON RENAL FUNCTION IN FAT-FED AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-TREATED RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Background and Aims The present study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles on serum parameters of renal function, on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 8-isoprostane), and on expression level of insulin receptor, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucokinase genes and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in rats. Method Male Wistar rats (n=64, 10 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group 1 received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat). Group 2 received a standard diet, plus silver nanoparticles (SNPs); received a single daily oral dose of SNP of 100 mg/kg in suspension. Group 3 received a high-fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks, and was then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 4 was treated in the same way as group 3 (HFD/STZ), but was supplemented with SNP 100mg /kg/body weight/day. Oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats was evidenced by an elevation in levels of MDA and 8-isoprostane. Protein concentrations of insulin receptor, GLUT2, glucokinase genes and heat-shock (HSP60 and HSP70) in renal tissue were determined by Western blot analyses. Results SNP supplementation lowered kidney concentrations of MDA, 8-isoprostane levels, serum urea-N, and creatinine, and reduced the severity of renal damage in the STZ-treated group (i.e., the diabetes-induced group). The expression of insulin receptor, GLUT-2, glucokinase genes and HSPs was lower in the STZ group that received SNP than in the group that did not. No significant effect of SNP supplementation was detected in regard to the overall measured parameters in the control group. Conclusion This study supported the efficacy of SNP in reducing renal risk factors and impairment because of diabetes and act as potent antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on duodenal development in weaned piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujin Wang ◽  
Chunhua Guo ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Zhendong Zhong ◽  
Wuzheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Epidermal Growth

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on duodenal development in weaned piglets. In total, forty piglets weaned at 21–26 d of age were assigned to one of the five groups that were provided basic diet (control group) or diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae expressing either empty-vector (INVSc1(EV) group), tagged EGF (T-EGF) (INVSc1-TE(−) group), extracellular EGF (EE-EGF) (INVSc1-EE(+) group) or intracellular EGF (IE-EGF) (INVSc1-IE(+) group). All treatments were delivered as 60·00 μg/kg body weight EGF/d. On 0, 7, 14 and 21 d, eight piglets per treatment were sacrificed to analyse the morphology, activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes, as well as Ig levels (IgA, IgM, IgG) in duodenal mucosa. The results showed significant improvement on 7, 14 and 21 d, with respect to average daily gain (P<0·05), mucosa morphology (villus height and crypt depth) (P<0·05), Ig levels (P<0·01), activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes (creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and sucrase) (P<0·05) and the mRNA expression of EGF-receptor (P<0·01) in NVSc1-TE(−), INVSc1-EE(+) and INVSc1-IE(+) groups compared with control and INVSc1(EV) groups. In addition, a trend was observed in which the INVSc1-IE(+) group showed an improvement in Ig levels (0·05<P<0·10), mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor (P<0·05) compared with NVSc1-TE(−) and INVSc1-EE(+) groups. These results indicate that supplementing recombinant EGF-expressing S. cerevisiae to the diet of weaned piglets enhanced duodenal development. Moreover, biological activity (Ig levels, mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor) of IE-EGF was better than either EE-EGF or T-EGF.

Effect of xylanase and live yeast supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiome diversity of pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Lu ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Helen Masey O'Neill ◽  
Casey Bradley ◽  
Mike R. Bedford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Live Yeast

Effect of Xylanase (Xyl) and live yeast (LY) supplementation on gut microbiome composition, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs was determined. A total of 180 weanling pigs were assigned to 5 treatments from weaning to market. Treatments were designated based on whether Xyl, LY or their combination were fed in the first two weeks postweaning or thereafter until finishing at d 141 postweaning. Treatments were (d 1- 15; d 15-141): control-control, control-Xyl, Xyl-Xyl, LY-Xyl, Xyl+LY-Xyl. Xylanase was added at 16,000 BXU/kg and LY at 1 kg/t. Pigs fed with LY and LY+Xyl from d 0-15 had greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at d 15 compared with control (P < 0.05). Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA was higher in LY and LY+Xyl groups on d 15 compared with control (P < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation from week 2 postweaning increased ATTD of GE, N and P on d 43. Live yeast with or without Xyl improved growth performance in the first 2 weeks after weaning; Xyl+LY-Xyl and control-Xyl groups had improved overall feed efficiency. In conclusion, LY and Xyl supplementation improved performance of weanling pigs in the first 2 weeks after weaning with no effects on long-term growth performance.

scholarly journals PSXII-1 Effects of early weaning on feed intake, growth performance, and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Kai Cui ◽  
Yanliang Bi ◽  
Naifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Weaning Stress

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early weaning on growth performance, feed intake and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs, and establish the experimental model of early weaning stress in lambs. A total of 60 neonatal male Hu lambs were randomly allotted into 10 pens and 6 lambs in each pen with their ewes. Five pens of lambs were weaned at 21days of age as early weaning group (EW group), and the other 5 pens of lambs were remained with their ewes as control group (CON group). Body weight (BW) were recorded at birth (d0) and at d7, 14, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 35,42 and 49 after birth. Solid feed intake of lambs in each pen was recorded and diarrhea incidence was also monitored on daily basis. Data was analyzed using the MIXED model of SAS, and statistical significance was determined at P &lt; 0.05. There was no difference in BW at birth and d21 between the two groups of lambs (P &gt; 0.05). However, BW and average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs in EW group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P &lt; 0.01) since weaning. Solid feed intake of the lambs in EW group were obviously higher than that in CON group (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, the diarrhea rate was significantly higher than that in CON group from d21 to d35 (P &lt; 0.01). The results indicated that lambs weaned at d21 showed strong stress response by significantly decreasing in BW and ADG, and had more feed intake but higher diarrhea rate. Future study is warranted to determine the changes in gut microbiota and barrier function to assess the mechanism of early weaning on health status and growth performance of lambs, and to investigate nutritional intervention methods to alleviate weaning stress.

scholarly journals Quercetin Dietary Supplementation Advances Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal mRNA Expression Genes in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Mervat A. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Ahmed R. Elbestawy ◽  
Ali H. El-Far ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin ◽  
Mohamed Emam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

Quercetin was fed to groups of broiler chickens at concentrations of 200, 400, and 800 ppm, and a control group was supplemented with a basal diet. Results revealed that quercetin dietary supplementation numerically improved the growth performance traits and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) in the 200 ppm group. The total coliforms and Clostridium perfringens were decreased (p < 0.05) in quercetin-supplemented groups. Conversely, Lactobacillus counts were increased (p < 0.05), due to improvement of the gut microbiota environment in quercetin-supplemented groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression of intestinal Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and nutritional transporters, including glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes, were significantly upregulated in quercetin-supplemented groups. Quercetin enhanced intestinal morphometry. We can suggest quercetin supplementation in broiler chickens by levels between 200 and 400 ppm to enhance their development and gut environment.

scholarly journals Effect of oral spray with Lactobacillus on growth performance, intestinal development and microflora population of ducklings

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Jie ◽  
Chuli Zhou ◽  
Leyun Wang ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
E Coli

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oral spray with probiotics on the intestinal development and microflora colonization of hatched ducklings.Methods: In Exp. 1, an one-way factorial design was used to study the antibacterial activity of the probiotics and metabolites on Escherichia coli (E. coli) without antimicrobial resistance. There were four experimental groups including saline as control and Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, combined Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis groups. In Exp. 2, 64-day-old ducklings were allotted to 2 treatments with 4 replicated pens. Birds in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentation in the feed whereas birds in the oral spray group were fed the basal diet and administrated Lactobacillus fermentation by oral spray way during the first week.Results: In Exp. 1, the antibacterial activities of probiotics and metabolites on E. coli were determined by the diameter of inhibition zone in order: Lactobacillus>combined Lactobacillusand Bacillus subtilis>Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, compared to E. coli without resistance, E. coli with resistance showed a smaller diameter of inhibition zones. In Exp. 2, compared to control feeding group, oral spray group increased (p<0.05) the final body weight at d 21 and average daily gain for d 1-21 and the absolute weight of the jejunum, ileum and total intestine tract as well as cecum Lactobacillus amount at d 21.Conclusion: Lactobacillus exhibited a lower antibacterial activity on E. coli with resistance than E. coli without resistance. Oral spray with Lactobacillus fermentation during the first week of could improve the intestinal development, morphological structure, and microbial balance to promote growth performance of ducklings from hatch to 21 d of age.

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